Biochemistry of Signal Transduction and Regulation - Beck-Shop
... – Storage and secretion of the hormone. There are signals (electrical signals, Ca2+ signals) to trigger the secretion of stored hormones. – Transport of the hormone to the target cell. The distribution of a hormone via the circulation contributes to the accessibility of that hormone at a particular ...
... – Storage and secretion of the hormone. There are signals (electrical signals, Ca2+ signals) to trigger the secretion of stored hormones. – Transport of the hormone to the target cell. The distribution of a hormone via the circulation contributes to the accessibility of that hormone at a particular ...
Multiple Wnts and Frizzled Receptors Regulate Anteriorly Directed
... metazoans (Wodarz and Nusse, 1998). Like other morphogens such as Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Wnt gradients can be critical in organizing body patterns (Zecca et al., 1996). In C. elegans, Wnts play an important role in regulating asymmetric cell divisions (Herman et ...
... metazoans (Wodarz and Nusse, 1998). Like other morphogens such as Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Wnt gradients can be critical in organizing body patterns (Zecca et al., 1996). In C. elegans, Wnts play an important role in regulating asymmetric cell divisions (Herman et ...
r Functional perspectives on the evolution of argasid tick
... Fig. 2.7: Electrophoretic analysis of the savignygrin s Fig. 2.8: Electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of the savignygrins Fig. 2.9: Peptide mass fingerprint analysis of thesavignygrins Fig. 2.10: Amino acid analysis of savignygrins Fig. 2.11: Determination of the disu lphide content of the savig ...
... Fig. 2.7: Electrophoretic analysis of the savignygrin s Fig. 2.8: Electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of the savignygrins Fig. 2.9: Peptide mass fingerprint analysis of thesavignygrins Fig. 2.10: Amino acid analysis of savignygrins Fig. 2.11: Determination of the disu lphide content of the savig ...
Metapopulation persistence of insects living in hollow oaks:
... local species extinctions and population declines (Begon et al. 1996). This has been shown for many different types of ecosystems, including coral reefs (Barret 1995), rain forests (ArroyoRodriguez et al. 2007) and grasslands (Thomas et al. 1992). Species in fragmented landscapes live in more or les ...
... local species extinctions and population declines (Begon et al. 1996). This has been shown for many different types of ecosystems, including coral reefs (Barret 1995), rain forests (ArroyoRodriguez et al. 2007) and grasslands (Thomas et al. 1992). Species in fragmented landscapes live in more or les ...
Millius et al., J. Cell Sci., 2012 - Cardiovascular Research Institute
... Fig. 2. Actin and p40 retrograde flow is similar to WAVE2 retrograde flow. (A) Left panel shows epifluorescence image of an XTC cell expressing a low concentration of EGFP-tagged p40 subunit of the Arp2/3 complex (corresponds to supplementary material Movie 3). Scale bar: 5 mm. Middle panel shows ma ...
... Fig. 2. Actin and p40 retrograde flow is similar to WAVE2 retrograde flow. (A) Left panel shows epifluorescence image of an XTC cell expressing a low concentration of EGFP-tagged p40 subunit of the Arp2/3 complex (corresponds to supplementary material Movie 3). Scale bar: 5 mm. Middle panel shows ma ...
Meiotic and Mitotic Recombination in Meiosis
... elegans; At, Arabidopsis thaliana; Dm, Drosophila melanogaster. See text for references. a A recent study shows that at least 90% of crossovers in Drosophila melanogaster require the mei-MCM complex, which appears to perform a function similar to that of Msh4–Msh5 (Kohl et al. 2012). ...
... elegans; At, Arabidopsis thaliana; Dm, Drosophila melanogaster. See text for references. a A recent study shows that at least 90% of crossovers in Drosophila melanogaster require the mei-MCM complex, which appears to perform a function similar to that of Msh4–Msh5 (Kohl et al. 2012). ...
Apoptotic and Epigenetic Induction of Embryo Failure Following
... several species, high rates of embryo failure following SCNT prevent the wide-scale use of the technique. Embryos produced through cloning have a higher incidence of developmental arrest, decreased developmental potential, frequent implantation failures, and increased incidence of abortion. The obje ...
... several species, high rates of embryo failure following SCNT prevent the wide-scale use of the technique. Embryos produced through cloning have a higher incidence of developmental arrest, decreased developmental potential, frequent implantation failures, and increased incidence of abortion. The obje ...
Slow axonal transport and the genesis of neuronal morphology
... Work on mitotic extracts has shown that it is also possible for cytoplasmic dynein to move microtubules relative to other microtubules (Heald et al., 1997). If this holds true in the axon as well, such forces could cause a microtubule to move either anterogradely or retrogradely, depending on which ...
... Work on mitotic extracts has shown that it is also possible for cytoplasmic dynein to move microtubules relative to other microtubules (Heald et al., 1997). If this holds true in the axon as well, such forces could cause a microtubule to move either anterogradely or retrogradely, depending on which ...
Effects of phytanic acid on the vitamin E status, lipid composition and
... 250 µmol) of fatty acid and KOH at 70 mC for 1 h. After cooling, the potassium salt was added to medium containing fatty acid-free BSA, such that the final fatty acid-free BSA concentration was 5 % (w\v), and the mixture was rotated for 2 h at room temperature. The pH was adjusted to 7.4 with 1 M KO ...
... 250 µmol) of fatty acid and KOH at 70 mC for 1 h. After cooling, the potassium salt was added to medium containing fatty acid-free BSA, such that the final fatty acid-free BSA concentration was 5 % (w\v), and the mixture was rotated for 2 h at room temperature. The pH was adjusted to 7.4 with 1 M KO ...
Increased root hair density by loss of WRKY6 in Arabidopsis
... to 13 kb upstream to WRKY6 (Fig. 1). Furthermore, the coding sequence of WRKY6 was polymorphic at 11 positions among these 71 sequenced genotypes, of which three nucleotide exchanges lead to amino acid changes: 250V/G, 443S/G and 450V/A. These alleles were encountered at frequencies between 6–23% Wh ...
... to 13 kb upstream to WRKY6 (Fig. 1). Furthermore, the coding sequence of WRKY6 was polymorphic at 11 positions among these 71 sequenced genotypes, of which three nucleotide exchanges lead to amino acid changes: 250V/G, 443S/G and 450V/A. These alleles were encountered at frequencies between 6–23% Wh ...
Identification and characterization of phage displayed, SC
... organization, and effector mechanisms of the immune system. This part is intended for readers without training in immunology. My aim is to provide the reader with basic insight in the importance of the immune system and the prospective of capitalizing on our native defence systems in modern medicine ...
... organization, and effector mechanisms of the immune system. This part is intended for readers without training in immunology. My aim is to provide the reader with basic insight in the importance of the immune system and the prospective of capitalizing on our native defence systems in modern medicine ...
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... existing scaling models (see Discussion) (Ben-Zvi and Barkai, 2010; Ben-Zvi et al., 2011; Wartlick et al., 2011b). To study how proliferation may correlate with these signaling dynamics, we also measured the spatial proliferation profile from the mitotic index (or mitotic density) determined by PH3 ...
... existing scaling models (see Discussion) (Ben-Zvi and Barkai, 2010; Ben-Zvi et al., 2011; Wartlick et al., 2011b). To study how proliferation may correlate with these signaling dynamics, we also measured the spatial proliferation profile from the mitotic index (or mitotic density) determined by PH3 ...
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... target genes on regenerating legs, and found at least 15 genes to be involved in leg regeneration, indicated in yellow in Fig. 1C and listed in Table 1. In this report, we focus mainly on the functions of the Gryllus homologue of ft (Gb’ft), Gb’ds, Gb’four-jointed (fj), Gb’dachs (d), Gb’expanded (ex ...
... target genes on regenerating legs, and found at least 15 genes to be involved in leg regeneration, indicated in yellow in Fig. 1C and listed in Table 1. In this report, we focus mainly on the functions of the Gryllus homologue of ft (Gb’ft), Gb’ds, Gb’four-jointed (fj), Gb’dachs (d), Gb’expanded (ex ...
43 Confocal and Multi-Photon Imaging of Living Embryos
... dimensions. Not only do embryos change dramatically over time, as the seemingly featureless single-celled zygote is transformed into an embryo with recognizable body axes and organ systems, but this remarkable transformation occurs in three spatial dimensions. The coordinated changes that occur with ...
... dimensions. Not only do embryos change dramatically over time, as the seemingly featureless single-celled zygote is transformed into an embryo with recognizable body axes and organ systems, but this remarkable transformation occurs in three spatial dimensions. The coordinated changes that occur with ...
12 Autophagy as a defence against intracellular pathogens
... vacuoles containing bacteria by pathways independently of Atg5 and LC3 [12]. Brucella abortus avoids delivery to lysosomes by generating a vacuole from the smooth ER. In common with autophagy, this requires localized lipid phosphorylation by PI3K, Beclin1/Atg6 and Atg14, but does not require later s ...
... vacuoles containing bacteria by pathways independently of Atg5 and LC3 [12]. Brucella abortus avoids delivery to lysosomes by generating a vacuole from the smooth ER. In common with autophagy, this requires localized lipid phosphorylation by PI3K, Beclin1/Atg6 and Atg14, but does not require later s ...
To grow or not to grow: what can we learn on ethylene
... was based on standard anatomy terms as defined by the Plant Ontology Consortium (http://www.plantontology. org/). The ResponseViewer tool provides the same functionalities as GeneAtlas based on stress response annotations. For each condition, one or several representative experiments were chosen. Ea ...
... was based on standard anatomy terms as defined by the Plant Ontology Consortium (http://www.plantontology. org/). The ResponseViewer tool provides the same functionalities as GeneAtlas based on stress response annotations. For each condition, one or several representative experiments were chosen. Ea ...
Regulation of leg size and shape by the Dachsous
... target genes on regenerating legs, and found at least 15 genes to be involved in leg regeneration, indicated in yellow in Fig. 1C and listed in Table 1. In this report, we focus mainly on the functions of the Gryllus homologue of ft (Gb’ft), Gb’ds, Gb’four-jointed (fj), Gb’dachs (d), Gb’expanded (ex ...
... target genes on regenerating legs, and found at least 15 genes to be involved in leg regeneration, indicated in yellow in Fig. 1C and listed in Table 1. In this report, we focus mainly on the functions of the Gryllus homologue of ft (Gb’ft), Gb’ds, Gb’four-jointed (fj), Gb’dachs (d), Gb’expanded (ex ...
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... apical domain, leading to its release from the cortex. Because the Par3-aPKC complex is absent from the basolateral domain, Lgl cannot be phosphorylated in this domain and thus remains localised to the cortex (Betschinger et al., 2003). In Drosophila neuroblasts, basolaterally localised Lgl [L(2)gl ...
... apical domain, leading to its release from the cortex. Because the Par3-aPKC complex is absent from the basolateral domain, Lgl cannot be phosphorylated in this domain and thus remains localised to the cortex (Betschinger et al., 2003). In Drosophila neuroblasts, basolaterally localised Lgl [L(2)gl ...
LIU-THESIS - eCommons@USASK
... Cold hardy Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) was used as a novel model system to examine the role of the apoplast in intracellular freezing avoidance. Since intracellular freezing avoidance is critical to both sensitive and resistant plants, non-acclimated and cold acclimated onion tiss ...
... Cold hardy Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) was used as a novel model system to examine the role of the apoplast in intracellular freezing avoidance. Since intracellular freezing avoidance is critical to both sensitive and resistant plants, non-acclimated and cold acclimated onion tiss ...
Mesoderm migration in Drosophila is a multi-step process
... embryos for each of the following backgrounds were imaged and tracked: wild-type, pyr morpholino, ths morpholino, htlAB42 mutant, pyr and ths double morpholino and mys morpholino. In addition, one null mutant was imaged for pyr (pyre02915) and ths (thse02026/thsDf238) to confirm that the morpholino ...
... embryos for each of the following backgrounds were imaged and tracked: wild-type, pyr morpholino, ths morpholino, htlAB42 mutant, pyr and ths double morpholino and mys morpholino. In addition, one null mutant was imaged for pyr (pyre02915) and ths (thse02026/thsDf238) to confirm that the morpholino ...
Drug resistance patterns and susceptibility to
... of protoplasts in comparison to parent strains (Tiwari et al., 1984) suggested the cell membrane as a possible target-site for the action of aflatoxin B,. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has been assoTable 111. Binding of aflatoxin BI to cell suspenciated with decreased permeability (Okamoto and ...
... of protoplasts in comparison to parent strains (Tiwari et al., 1984) suggested the cell membrane as a possible target-site for the action of aflatoxin B,. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has been assoTable 111. Binding of aflatoxin BI to cell suspenciated with decreased permeability (Okamoto and ...
The hypoblast (visceral endoderm): an evo
... G1 or G2 phases and consist only of mitotic (M) and DNA synthetic (S) phases, and they rely upon maternal mRNAs and proteins until zygotic gene expression is activated, usually at around the 11th cell division (2024 cells). Rapid development and absence of growth imply that the embryonic axes or bod ...
... G1 or G2 phases and consist only of mitotic (M) and DNA synthetic (S) phases, and they rely upon maternal mRNAs and proteins until zygotic gene expression is activated, usually at around the 11th cell division (2024 cells). Rapid development and absence of growth imply that the embryonic axes or bod ...
TGF-β/BMP superfamily members, Gbb-60A and Dpp
... to generate clones of cells null for gbb-60A function in the imaginal discs (Fig. 2D-G). Consistent with a potential role for gbb-60A in proliferation, gbb-60A null clones are never recovered in the adult wing if induced during the early period of cell proliferation (before 36 hours AEL); however, c ...
... to generate clones of cells null for gbb-60A function in the imaginal discs (Fig. 2D-G). Consistent with a potential role for gbb-60A in proliferation, gbb-60A null clones are never recovered in the adult wing if induced during the early period of cell proliferation (before 36 hours AEL); however, c ...
Cell death by autophagy: facts and apparent artefacts
... and systems have provided convincing data to support a direct role of autophagy in cell death. Here we discuss some of these physiologically relevant scenarios from Arabidopsis, Dictyostelium, Drosophila and mammalian cells (Table 1). These studies have also revealed that many contextdependent cell ...
... and systems have provided convincing data to support a direct role of autophagy in cell death. Here we discuss some of these physiologically relevant scenarios from Arabidopsis, Dictyostelium, Drosophila and mammalian cells (Table 1). These studies have also revealed that many contextdependent cell ...