The Function of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
... Despite intensive efforts, vascular growth factors have not yet provided significant help in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This is likely to change as we gain a better understanding of the underlying biology of these growth factors as well as of their regulation and functions. Members of ...
... Despite intensive efforts, vascular growth factors have not yet provided significant help in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This is likely to change as we gain a better understanding of the underlying biology of these growth factors as well as of their regulation and functions. Members of ...
Determinants of the VP1/2A junction cleavage by the 3C protease in
... open reading frame (ca. 7000 nt) encoding a polyprotein (Belsham, 2005). The full-length polyprotein ...
... open reading frame (ca. 7000 nt) encoding a polyprotein (Belsham, 2005). The full-length polyprotein ...
Nuclease activities and cell death processes
... recycling of the substrate mycelium proteins of Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 11891 (Miguelez et al., 1999). The hyphae of S. antibioticus undergo an orderly process of internal cell dismantling, including extensive genome digestion, that resembles the programmed cell death in animal development (M ...
... recycling of the substrate mycelium proteins of Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 11891 (Miguelez et al., 1999). The hyphae of S. antibioticus undergo an orderly process of internal cell dismantling, including extensive genome digestion, that resembles the programmed cell death in animal development (M ...
Arrested Differentiation of Proplastids into Chloroplasts in
... to a genetic mosaic), most of the mutants are recessive and are nuclear encoded. The recessive nature of variegation indicates that two plastid types separated in green/white sectors are formed in the same genetic background. Molecular characterization of corresponding genes in these mutants reveale ...
... to a genetic mosaic), most of the mutants are recessive and are nuclear encoded. The recessive nature of variegation indicates that two plastid types separated in green/white sectors are formed in the same genetic background. Molecular characterization of corresponding genes in these mutants reveale ...
The chick somitogenesis oscillator is arrested before all paraxial
... streak (or tail bud) and come to lie alongside the notochord. Groups of cells at the most rostral end of each PSM bud off with a remarkable periodicity and synchronisation as an epithelial sphere of cells to form the new somite. It is widely accepted that this process is controlled by a molecular os ...
... streak (or tail bud) and come to lie alongside the notochord. Groups of cells at the most rostral end of each PSM bud off with a remarkable periodicity and synchronisation as an epithelial sphere of cells to form the new somite. It is widely accepted that this process is controlled by a molecular os ...
Multiple Heterologies Increase Mitotic Double-Strand
... invasion (DasGupta and Radding 1982), although this may be important only with highly diverged sequences. In large part, inhibition is mediated by the mismatch repair system (de Wind et al. 1995; Selva et al. 1995; Chambers et al. 1996; Datta et al. 1996, 1997; Negritto et al. 1997), which is though ...
... invasion (DasGupta and Radding 1982), although this may be important only with highly diverged sequences. In large part, inhibition is mediated by the mismatch repair system (de Wind et al. 1995; Selva et al. 1995; Chambers et al. 1996; Datta et al. 1996, 1997; Negritto et al. 1997), which is though ...
Supplementary Table II All Articles Published in Last Three Years
... compatible solutes in response to SA and in relation to water status compatible solutes in relation to osmotic adjustment ...
... compatible solutes in response to SA and in relation to water status compatible solutes in relation to osmotic adjustment ...
Brachyury and SMAD signalling collaboratively
... (Tsankov et al., 2015), but the regulatory impact of BRA was not functionally characterized in these experiments. Thus, despite its important role in vertebrate development and its widespread use in stem cell biology (Murry and Keller, 2008; Papaioannou, 2014), the precise regulatory role of BRA and ...
... (Tsankov et al., 2015), but the regulatory impact of BRA was not functionally characterized in these experiments. Thus, despite its important role in vertebrate development and its widespread use in stem cell biology (Murry and Keller, 2008; Papaioannou, 2014), the precise regulatory role of BRA and ...
Amino Acids and Amines Stimulate Gastrin Release from Canine
... release in a dose-dependent manner. In order to enhance tryptophan's relatively weak stimulatory effect on gastrin release and permit easier analysis of the dose response curve we also performed the experiment in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, IMX. The corresponding amine, phenylet ...
... release in a dose-dependent manner. In order to enhance tryptophan's relatively weak stimulatory effect on gastrin release and permit easier analysis of the dose response curve we also performed the experiment in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, IMX. The corresponding amine, phenylet ...
In Vivo Allium cepa
... Figure 4. Various aberrant features observed under fluorescence microscope upon exposure to 100 mg/mL(A) Multipolar anaphase, ...
... Figure 4. Various aberrant features observed under fluorescence microscope upon exposure to 100 mg/mL(A) Multipolar anaphase, ...
Identification of A Novel, N-ethylmaleimide
... GTP-binding proteins (Bacon et al., 1989; Baker et al., 1990; Balch, 1989; Plutner et al., 1990). We have recently described a cell-free system that reconstitutes the transport of mannose 6-phosphate (man6P) receptors from late endosomes to the TGN (Goda and Pfeffer, 1988). Man6P receptors carry new ...
... GTP-binding proteins (Bacon et al., 1989; Baker et al., 1990; Balch, 1989; Plutner et al., 1990). We have recently described a cell-free system that reconstitutes the transport of mannose 6-phosphate (man6P) receptors from late endosomes to the TGN (Goda and Pfeffer, 1988). Man6P receptors carry new ...
Loss of heterozygosity, by mitotic gene conversion and crossing
... ADEZ gene. The small PCR product was therefore determined to carry the null allele ade2. The 1-3kb deletion spans the promoter and coding regions of the gene, between the two AATC repeats (Fig. 2b). Besides, the DNA sequence of ade2 differed from that of ADE2 by three transition mutations at the 5’ ...
... ADEZ gene. The small PCR product was therefore determined to carry the null allele ade2. The 1-3kb deletion spans the promoter and coding regions of the gene, between the two AATC repeats (Fig. 2b). Besides, the DNA sequence of ade2 differed from that of ADE2 by three transition mutations at the 5’ ...
Hereditary spastic paraplegia: clinical features and pathogenetic
... endosomal transport.60 However, this base variant has been recently been reported in control chromosomes (single nucleotide polymorphism rs35077384) and shown to have a minor allele frequency of 1–7%, dependent on the population studied, which would be consistent with this being a rare neutral seque ...
... endosomal transport.60 However, this base variant has been recently been reported in control chromosomes (single nucleotide polymorphism rs35077384) and shown to have a minor allele frequency of 1–7%, dependent on the population studied, which would be consistent with this being a rare neutral seque ...
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... gene expression involved in the senescence program (Figure 1). Although these studies have outlined changes in gene expression across many different elements of potential signal cascades, more research is required to tease apart the details of the connections and consequences of these expression cha ...
... gene expression involved in the senescence program (Figure 1). Although these studies have outlined changes in gene expression across many different elements of potential signal cascades, more research is required to tease apart the details of the connections and consequences of these expression cha ...
Neutrophils in the innate immune response
... acid, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CpG-containing DNA, and flagellin. These pathogen-derived molecules, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, interact directly with a number of pattern-recognition receptors expressed on the cell surface, including TLRs (reviewed by Akira and Takeda2) and CD1 ...
... acid, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CpG-containing DNA, and flagellin. These pathogen-derived molecules, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, interact directly with a number of pattern-recognition receptors expressed on the cell surface, including TLRs (reviewed by Akira and Takeda2) and CD1 ...
cIAP-1 Controls Innate Immunity to C. pneumoniae Pulmonary
... expression and increased stability of anti-apoptotic proteins called inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). The significance of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 (cIAP-1) in C. pneumoniae pulmonary infection and innate immune response was investigated in cIAP-1 knockout (KO) mice using a no ...
... expression and increased stability of anti-apoptotic proteins called inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). The significance of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 (cIAP-1) in C. pneumoniae pulmonary infection and innate immune response was investigated in cIAP-1 knockout (KO) mice using a no ...
Apical constriction
... of E-cadherin mediates cell-cell adhesion, whereas its intracellular tail forms a complex with two other proteins, β-catenin and α-catenin. Because α-catenin binds actin filaments, the E-cadherin–β-catenin–αcatenin complex is thought to link adherens junctions to the actin cortex. Although biochemic ...
... of E-cadherin mediates cell-cell adhesion, whereas its intracellular tail forms a complex with two other proteins, β-catenin and α-catenin. Because α-catenin binds actin filaments, the E-cadherin–β-catenin–αcatenin complex is thought to link adherens junctions to the actin cortex. Although biochemic ...
Apical constriction: themes and variations on a cellular mechanism
... of E-cadherin mediates cell-cell adhesion, whereas its intracellular tail forms a complex with two other proteins, β-catenin and α-catenin. Because α-catenin binds actin filaments, the E-cadherin–β-catenin–αcatenin complex is thought to link adherens junctions to the actin cortex. Although biochemic ...
... of E-cadherin mediates cell-cell adhesion, whereas its intracellular tail forms a complex with two other proteins, β-catenin and α-catenin. Because α-catenin binds actin filaments, the E-cadherin–β-catenin–αcatenin complex is thought to link adherens junctions to the actin cortex. Although biochemic ...
Targeted Disruption of the SUCNR1 Metabolic Receptor
... (15,16). Indeed, the low levels (;2–80 mmol/L) of succinate found in blood plasma (15–18), in comparison with that required for activation (in the region of 180 mmol/L [2]), would suggest that Sucnr1 functions more as a sensor of metabolic (or oxidative) damage (19) rather than a physiological media ...
... (15,16). Indeed, the low levels (;2–80 mmol/L) of succinate found in blood plasma (15–18), in comparison with that required for activation (in the region of 180 mmol/L [2]), would suggest that Sucnr1 functions more as a sensor of metabolic (or oxidative) damage (19) rather than a physiological media ...
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... The vertebrate hhs were discovered in the early 1990s [44], and SHH rapidly became the centre of attention due to its potential role as a morphogen, a patterning factor that is released from tissues with polarising activity (‘organiser’ regions) and that is able to induce multiple cell fates in a do ...
... The vertebrate hhs were discovered in the early 1990s [44], and SHH rapidly became the centre of attention due to its potential role as a morphogen, a patterning factor that is released from tissues with polarising activity (‘organiser’ regions) and that is able to induce multiple cell fates in a do ...
Gcm Target Genes Regulating Glial Development, Diversification
... genes, we analyzed the embryonic expression patterns of 153 genes that were among the most highly upregulated in microarray experiments. This collection included all genes for which there was an available cDNA, regardless of predicted function or known protein motifs. We found 18 genes (12%) express ...
... genes, we analyzed the embryonic expression patterns of 153 genes that were among the most highly upregulated in microarray experiments. This collection included all genes for which there was an available cDNA, regardless of predicted function or known protein motifs. We found 18 genes (12%) express ...
S7.Cell Signaling-β-catenin pathway homework
... Note: GSK3, APC and Axin together are called the β-catenin Destruction Complex. DSH is the abbreviation for Dishevelled. The human genome encodes many Fzd receptors, many Wnts, several Dsh proteins, one GSK3, and one β-catenin. Wnts are a family of protein ligands that activate members of the Frizzl ...
... Note: GSK3, APC and Axin together are called the β-catenin Destruction Complex. DSH is the abbreviation for Dishevelled. The human genome encodes many Fzd receptors, many Wnts, several Dsh proteins, one GSK3, and one β-catenin. Wnts are a family of protein ligands that activate members of the Frizzl ...
The Role of the Arabidopsis ELD1 Gene in Cell
... dwf1-1 and dwf7-1 on chromosome 3, complementation tests were carried out between eld1 and these mutants. eld1 was not allelic to any of them, indicating that ELD1 is a new gene. eld1 Mutant Growth Is Stunted ...
... dwf1-1 and dwf7-1 on chromosome 3, complementation tests were carried out between eld1 and these mutants. eld1 was not allelic to any of them, indicating that ELD1 is a new gene. eld1 Mutant Growth Is Stunted ...
how cells read the genome: from dna to protein
... will probably take at least a decade for humans to identify every gene and determine the precise amino acid sequence of the protein it produces. Yet the cells in our body do this thousands of times a second. The DNA in genomes does not direct protein synthesis itself, but instead uses RNA as an inte ...
... will probably take at least a decade for humans to identify every gene and determine the precise amino acid sequence of the protein it produces. Yet the cells in our body do this thousands of times a second. The DNA in genomes does not direct protein synthesis itself, but instead uses RNA as an inte ...
An Auxin Gradient and Maximum in the Arabidopsis
... fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and mass spectrometry–based IAA quantification and biosynthesis measurements. This approach complements the similar approach used to generate a transcriptional expression map of the Arabidopsis root at cell type–specific resolution (Birnbaum et al., 2003, 2 ...
... fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and mass spectrometry–based IAA quantification and biosynthesis measurements. This approach complements the similar approach used to generate a transcriptional expression map of the Arabidopsis root at cell type–specific resolution (Birnbaum et al., 2003, 2 ...