Cell intercalation during Drosophila germband extension and its
... upon the establishment of striped expression patterns for certain pair-rule genes. Based on these observations, we propose a model for germband extension in which cell intercalation results from the establishment of adhesive differences between stripes of cells by pair-rule genes. ...
... upon the establishment of striped expression patterns for certain pair-rule genes. Based on these observations, we propose a model for germband extension in which cell intercalation results from the establishment of adhesive differences between stripes of cells by pair-rule genes. ...
Lipid defense response of Chlorella as theoretical background in
... In the study described here, Chlorella began to collect starch as usual after co-immobilization with bacteria, but all carbon pathway changed, so the algae lost their characteristic one-cellular stage and after several divisions both onecellular and multicellular stages were observed (Figs. 1a-1d). ...
... In the study described here, Chlorella began to collect starch as usual after co-immobilization with bacteria, but all carbon pathway changed, so the algae lost their characteristic one-cellular stage and after several divisions both onecellular and multicellular stages were observed (Figs. 1a-1d). ...
Distinct Actions and Cooperative Roles of ROCK
... stress fibers were morphologically different from the V14RhoA-induced ones. The ROCK-D1-induced stress fibers showed stellate-like morphology (stellate stress fibers) at the basal levels, and the staining of the sites, where stress fibers coalesced, showed dense and large dots at both the basal and ...
... stress fibers were morphologically different from the V14RhoA-induced ones. The ROCK-D1-induced stress fibers showed stellate-like morphology (stellate stress fibers) at the basal levels, and the staining of the sites, where stress fibers coalesced, showed dense and large dots at both the basal and ...
Plant ER geometry and dynamics: A complex web of cytoskeletal
... processes is therefore relatively simplistic. Global morphological change Within the ER network there are relatively static and highly dynamic elements (Griffing 2010; Sparkes et al. 2011; Sparkes et al. 2009a). Static elements refer to regions which do not move within a given time period, and these ...
... processes is therefore relatively simplistic. Global morphological change Within the ER network there are relatively static and highly dynamic elements (Griffing 2010; Sparkes et al. 2011; Sparkes et al. 2009a). Static elements refer to regions which do not move within a given time period, and these ...
Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Dopaminergic
... contained GDNF, IL-1β, mesencephalic glial-cell-conditioned medium and flash-frozen mesencephalic membrane fragments. The surface markers of the differentiated neurons, such as NSE, nestin, MAP-2a, b and TH were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blot after MSCs were cultured in induction m ...
... contained GDNF, IL-1β, mesencephalic glial-cell-conditioned medium and flash-frozen mesencephalic membrane fragments. The surface markers of the differentiated neurons, such as NSE, nestin, MAP-2a, b and TH were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blot after MSCs were cultured in induction m ...
PDF data （121 pages / 16.7MB）
... the development of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, both activation and inactivation of immune responses must be strictly controlled. To gain a deeper understanding of the immune system, we have examined regulatory mechanisms of innate and acquired immune responses, and novel PRRs capable of sensing ...
... the development of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, both activation and inactivation of immune responses must be strictly controlled. To gain a deeper understanding of the immune system, we have examined regulatory mechanisms of innate and acquired immune responses, and novel PRRs capable of sensing ...
how exercise builds muscle
... Type I muscle cells, which are critical for any kind of aerobic exertion, have large numbers of mitochondria, specialized cellular functionaries that use nutrients and oxygen to convert ADP back into ATP. Type I muscle fibers are therefore the narrowest, because their constant need to feed the mitoc ...
... Type I muscle cells, which are critical for any kind of aerobic exertion, have large numbers of mitochondria, specialized cellular functionaries that use nutrients and oxygen to convert ADP back into ATP. Type I muscle fibers are therefore the narrowest, because their constant need to feed the mitoc ...
PDF
... transdifferentiation of β cells from α or δ cells occurs in conditions of extreme β cell loss (Thorel et al., 2010; Chera et al., 2014). Likewise, with some limitations, α and β cells can be interconverted through gain or loss of key pancreatic transcription factors, including Arx, Pax4 and Pdx1 (Co ...
... transdifferentiation of β cells from α or δ cells occurs in conditions of extreme β cell loss (Thorel et al., 2010; Chera et al., 2014). Likewise, with some limitations, α and β cells can be interconverted through gain or loss of key pancreatic transcription factors, including Arx, Pax4 and Pdx1 (Co ...
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function Multiple
... 40) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) It will have no unfavorable effec ...
... 40) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) It will have no unfavorable effec ...
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
... Hormones - General Function Modify activity of target cells Targets have specific receptors for the particular hormone Distributed by blood ...
... Hormones - General Function Modify activity of target cells Targets have specific receptors for the particular hormone Distributed by blood ...
the ask1-map kinase cascades in mammalian stress response
... ASk1 activated with death receptor ligands ( TNFα and Fas ligand) Also activated by cytotoxic stresses: H2O2, anticancer drugs and growth ...
... ASk1 activated with death receptor ligands ( TNFα and Fas ligand) Also activated by cytotoxic stresses: H2O2, anticancer drugs and growth ...
"Redundancy " & "Junk" for Codons
... along with its correct directions in terms of amount (expression) & longevity (dwell time)for the ribosome to make the protein possessing the correct structure/information-function [as] dictated by the “redundant” & “junk” codons/3rd letter. ...
... along with its correct directions in terms of amount (expression) & longevity (dwell time)for the ribosome to make the protein possessing the correct structure/information-function [as] dictated by the “redundant” & “junk” codons/3rd letter. ...
The use of multi-color flow cytometry for identification of
... Introduction: At present, severe asthma is a particular clinical problem. An important role is attributed to dysfunction of nTreg subpopulations of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of asthma. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify markers of nTreg cell function in patients with severe a ...
... Introduction: At present, severe asthma is a particular clinical problem. An important role is attributed to dysfunction of nTreg subpopulations of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of asthma. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify markers of nTreg cell function in patients with severe a ...
Hormone regulation and the evolution of frog metamorphic diversity
... neurosecretion of corticotropic releasing factor (CRF). CRF enters the pituitary portal vein to induce release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). ACTH induces the interrenal glands (homologous to mammalian adrenal glands) to synthesize and release corticoste ...
... neurosecretion of corticotropic releasing factor (CRF). CRF enters the pituitary portal vein to induce release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). ACTH induces the interrenal glands (homologous to mammalian adrenal glands) to synthesize and release corticoste ...
αvβ3 integrin-dependent endothelial cell dynamics in
... colored box indicates the field that is enlarged in Fig. 2 and serves as a frame of reference between panels. The box is 400×400 µm with the upper right corner centered on the lateral edge of the third formed somite (yellow asterisks, inset), 160 µm from the midline. All images are from the ventral ...
... colored box indicates the field that is enlarged in Fig. 2 and serves as a frame of reference between panels. The box is 400×400 µm with the upper right corner centered on the lateral edge of the third formed somite (yellow asterisks, inset), 160 µm from the midline. All images are from the ventral ...
Prostaglandins as modulators of immunity
... their activation and subsequent migration to lymphoid organs. In the lymph nodes, DCs mature into cells able to present antigen to and prime T cells. PGE2 has been suggested to play a key role in these events. PGE2 has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the activation of DCs, depending on th ...
... their activation and subsequent migration to lymphoid organs. In the lymph nodes, DCs mature into cells able to present antigen to and prime T cells. PGE2 has been suggested to play a key role in these events. PGE2 has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the activation of DCs, depending on th ...
Janice Evans
... – Fertilization / egg activation • exit from metaphase II arrest and progression into the embryonic cell cycle ...
... – Fertilization / egg activation • exit from metaphase II arrest and progression into the embryonic cell cycle ...
of Limb Morphogenesis in a Model System
... which was stuffed into an ectodermal sac which was just removed from stage 20 leg buds. The stuffed ectoblasts were then incubated in horse serum solution for 45 min at 38°C. Eggs windowed at 4 days of incubation were used for grafting. An excision of epidermis about one somite square was made over ...
... which was stuffed into an ectodermal sac which was just removed from stage 20 leg buds. The stuffed ectoblasts were then incubated in horse serum solution for 45 min at 38°C. Eggs windowed at 4 days of incubation were used for grafting. An excision of epidermis about one somite square was made over ...
PD-1 promotes immune exhaustion by inducing antiviral T cell
... in Arm-infected mice at day 7 was similar to that observed in naive mice. LCMV antigen was difficult to detect, and PD-L1 was expressed primarily on cells residing at the laminin rich border between the splenic red and white pulp. In contrast, PD-L1 was heavily expressed in CL13-infected mice, prima ...
... in Arm-infected mice at day 7 was similar to that observed in naive mice. LCMV antigen was difficult to detect, and PD-L1 was expressed primarily on cells residing at the laminin rich border between the splenic red and white pulp. In contrast, PD-L1 was heavily expressed in CL13-infected mice, prima ...
Memory consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning: a cellular and
... same stimulus contingencies as fear conditioning39. Collectively, these findings suggest that an LTP-like process in the LA could underlie fear conditioning, which in turn suggests that fear acquisition and consolidation might be understood at the cellular level through studies of LTP (Refs 3,40–42) ...
... same stimulus contingencies as fear conditioning39. Collectively, these findings suggest that an LTP-like process in the LA could underlie fear conditioning, which in turn suggests that fear acquisition and consolidation might be understood at the cellular level through studies of LTP (Refs 3,40–42) ...
Molecular profiling of single circulating tumor cells with
... selected 72 WGA products of single disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) isolated from bone marrow of breast and prostate cancer patients, as well as from lymph nodes of melanoma patients. For ...
... selected 72 WGA products of single disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) isolated from bone marrow of breast and prostate cancer patients, as well as from lymph nodes of melanoma patients. For ...
Molecular profiling of single circulating tumor cells with diagnostic
... selected 72 WGA products of single disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) isolated from bone marrow of breast and prostate cancer patients, as well as from lymph nodes of melanoma patients. For ...
... selected 72 WGA products of single disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) isolated from bone marrow of breast and prostate cancer patients, as well as from lymph nodes of melanoma patients. For ...
The Cellular Mechanism of Epithelial Rearrangement during
... the intercalating cell to insert between the contralateral cells. These cell movements are dependent upon intact cytoarchitecture, since the pharmacological disruption of microtubules or actin filaments blocks cell rearrangement. The cells appear to intercalate independently of immediately adjacent ...
... the intercalating cell to insert between the contralateral cells. These cell movements are dependent upon intact cytoarchitecture, since the pharmacological disruption of microtubules or actin filaments blocks cell rearrangement. The cells appear to intercalate independently of immediately adjacent ...
SURVEY AND SUMMARY Nucleolar responses to DNA double
... that HDR may take place in rDNA repeats even in the absence of a sister chromatid, perhaps with other rDNA repeats serving as a template. These results suggest a mechanism in human cells whereby damaged rDNA, that can not be re-joined by NHEJ factors, is recognized and repaired by the HDRmachinery a ...
... that HDR may take place in rDNA repeats even in the absence of a sister chromatid, perhaps with other rDNA repeats serving as a template. These results suggest a mechanism in human cells whereby damaged rDNA, that can not be re-joined by NHEJ factors, is recognized and repaired by the HDRmachinery a ...
Digging for the roots of amoeboid motility
... Even deeper insight can be obtained from phylogenetic studies of cell biological processes: It has become clear that suites of proteins involved in a particular structure or function are often maintained or lost in tandem. These observations can define the proteins involved in particular cellular fu ...
... Even deeper insight can be obtained from phylogenetic studies of cell biological processes: It has become clear that suites of proteins involved in a particular structure or function are often maintained or lost in tandem. These observations can define the proteins involved in particular cellular fu ...