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... for surviving in the dry aerial environment. A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection f ...
... for surviving in the dry aerial environment. A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection f ...
Interactions between plant endomembrane systems and the actin
... animals and these involve direct interaction with Sec23p (coat protein of COPII vesicles) and the dynactin complex (Watson et al., 2005). In plants, the actin cytoskeleton substitutes for microtubules as the major cytoskeletal component involved in membrane trafficking, so it is reasonable to specul ...
... animals and these involve direct interaction with Sec23p (coat protein of COPII vesicles) and the dynactin complex (Watson et al., 2005). In plants, the actin cytoskeleton substitutes for microtubules as the major cytoskeletal component involved in membrane trafficking, so it is reasonable to specul ...
Translational Research on Breast Cancer: miRNA, siRNA and
... has shown that miR-155 is upregulated in normal mouse mammary gland epithelial cells (NMuMG cells) by the TGF- /Smad4 pathway and mediates TGF- -induced EMT and cell invasion (Kong et al., 2008). miR-155 directly inhibits the expression of RhoA, a gene that regulates many cellular processes, includi ...
... has shown that miR-155 is upregulated in normal mouse mammary gland epithelial cells (NMuMG cells) by the TGF- /Smad4 pathway and mediates TGF- -induced EMT and cell invasion (Kong et al., 2008). miR-155 directly inhibits the expression of RhoA, a gene that regulates many cellular processes, includi ...
Cells Cell Stimulatory Capacity to Mouse Dendritic Associated with
... To test whether DC-derived IL-2 was required to elicit IFN-␥ from NK cells, the effects of IL-2 secreted by activated DCs were blocked in DC-NK cell cocultures using a blocking anti-IL-2 Ab. As shown in Fig. 3A, blocking IL-2 completely inhibited the capacity of DCs to activate NK cells. Conversely, ...
... To test whether DC-derived IL-2 was required to elicit IFN-␥ from NK cells, the effects of IL-2 secreted by activated DCs were blocked in DC-NK cell cocultures using a blocking anti-IL-2 Ab. As shown in Fig. 3A, blocking IL-2 completely inhibited the capacity of DCs to activate NK cells. Conversely, ...
Population Biology of Lymphocytes
... Naive CD4+ T cells also require allele-specific MHC class II interactions to survive (13, 14). Monoclonal TCR-Tg CD4+ T cells, restricted to I-Ad, survive after transfer into IAd+ recipients, but disappear after transfer into I-Ad-Ab+ recipients. Persistence of nonTg CD4+ policlonal populations also ...
... Naive CD4+ T cells also require allele-specific MHC class II interactions to survive (13, 14). Monoclonal TCR-Tg CD4+ T cells, restricted to I-Ad, survive after transfer into IAd+ recipients, but disappear after transfer into I-Ad-Ab+ recipients. Persistence of nonTg CD4+ policlonal populations also ...
2/6/12 Bacterial Growth
... • Typically, the cytoplasm has a higher solute concentration than the surrounding environment, thus the tendency is for water to move into the cell (positive water balance) • When a cell is in an environment with a higher external solute concentration, water will flow out unless the cell has a mecha ...
... • Typically, the cytoplasm has a higher solute concentration than the surrounding environment, thus the tendency is for water to move into the cell (positive water balance) • When a cell is in an environment with a higher external solute concentration, water will flow out unless the cell has a mecha ...
Identification ofPseudomonas syringaetype III effectors that can
... an HR on tobacco because it lacks HopPsyA (Figure 2a), while maintaining the ability to secrete proteins via its functional TTSS (data not shown). We performed in planta mixed-inoculum experiments by ®rst in®ltrating into tobacco P. ¯uorescens(pLN18) with hopPtoE contained in a broad-host-range plas ...
... an HR on tobacco because it lacks HopPsyA (Figure 2a), while maintaining the ability to secrete proteins via its functional TTSS (data not shown). We performed in planta mixed-inoculum experiments by ®rst in®ltrating into tobacco P. ¯uorescens(pLN18) with hopPtoE contained in a broad-host-range plas ...
Receptor Fragments: Intracellular Signaling and
... An intracellular fragment is also produced from the GPCR, D-frizzled 2, a post-synaptic protein which interacts with the presynaptic protein, “wingless”. Following endosome internalization, the cytoplasmic domain is cleaved and translocated to the nucleus where it is involved in transcriptional even ...
... An intracellular fragment is also produced from the GPCR, D-frizzled 2, a post-synaptic protein which interacts with the presynaptic protein, “wingless”. Following endosome internalization, the cytoplasmic domain is cleaved and translocated to the nucleus where it is involved in transcriptional even ...
Mitotic Disrupter Herbicides
... for grass control in dicot crops, such as cotton or soybean. Roots of susceptible plants are club shaped after treatment with dinitroanilineherbicides (8, 30). The root tip is swollen and the zone where the root hairs are formed is closer to the tip than in untreatedcontrols. The bases of grass shoo ...
... for grass control in dicot crops, such as cotton or soybean. Roots of susceptible plants are club shaped after treatment with dinitroanilineherbicides (8, 30). The root tip is swollen and the zone where the root hairs are formed is closer to the tip than in untreatedcontrols. The bases of grass shoo ...
Modulation of oxidative stress as an anticancer strategy
... detoxification enzymes such as haem oxygenase (HMOX1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione S‑transferases (GSTs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (NRF2) controls the expression of these enzymes and is consi ...
... detoxification enzymes such as haem oxygenase (HMOX1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione S‑transferases (GSTs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (NRF2) controls the expression of these enzymes and is consi ...
Tissues Response to Injury
... in tissues, but occurring during the development of the embryo or foetus ...
... in tissues, but occurring during the development of the embryo or foetus ...
Hepatosplenic gamma/delta T-Cell Lymphoma in Bone Marrow A
... characteristic feature of HSTCL is the preferential localization of the neoplastic cells within the sinusoids of the liver and spleen.1,5 HSTCL also commonly involves the bone marrow, and different patterns of involvement have been reported, including exclusively sinusoidal,1,2,4,5,8,9,14,15 interst ...
... characteristic feature of HSTCL is the preferential localization of the neoplastic cells within the sinusoids of the liver and spleen.1,5 HSTCL also commonly involves the bone marrow, and different patterns of involvement have been reported, including exclusively sinusoidal,1,2,4,5,8,9,14,15 interst ...
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... the cell autonomous and non autonomous properties of senescent cells are highly dependent on age and time. First, the induction of an irreversible growth arrest might be an essential mechanism during wound healing that limits the number of highly proliferative cells, which are at risk for acquiring ...
... the cell autonomous and non autonomous properties of senescent cells are highly dependent on age and time. First, the induction of an irreversible growth arrest might be an essential mechanism during wound healing that limits the number of highly proliferative cells, which are at risk for acquiring ...
Yeeeeeeea Haaaaaw! Grab yer hat and saddle the broncs! It`s time
... 1. The Encyclopedia Britannica Online - http://www.school.eb.com/comptons/article-9273572 This encyclopedia article is designed for middle school students and describes many aspects of the cell. You are able to click on the various parts of the cell using the menu on the left side of the page. This ...
... 1. The Encyclopedia Britannica Online - http://www.school.eb.com/comptons/article-9273572 This encyclopedia article is designed for middle school students and describes many aspects of the cell. You are able to click on the various parts of the cell using the menu on the left side of the page. This ...
Gene Therapy That Safely Targets and Kills Tumor Cells Throughout
... numerous human cancers.19–27 Increasing invasiveness and malignancy of different cancers has been associated with higher expression of LAMR.28,29 On cancer cells, the majority of the LAMRs are not occupied by laminin, in contrast to normal cells.30,31 To determine whether high levels of unoccupied L ...
... numerous human cancers.19–27 Increasing invasiveness and malignancy of different cancers has been associated with higher expression of LAMR.28,29 On cancer cells, the majority of the LAMRs are not occupied by laminin, in contrast to normal cells.30,31 To determine whether high levels of unoccupied L ...
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... 1YG0, HP1073 (HPCopP) is a putative copper binding regulatory protein composed of 66 amino acid residues [33]. The small HPCopP is homologous to CopZ, encoded by the E. hirae and B. subtilis cop operons. CopZ proteins have a conserved structure, β-α-β-β-α-β with a similar metal binding region. Howev ...
... 1YG0, HP1073 (HPCopP) is a putative copper binding regulatory protein composed of 66 amino acid residues [33]. The small HPCopP is homologous to CopZ, encoded by the E. hirae and B. subtilis cop operons. CopZ proteins have a conserved structure, β-α-β-β-α-β with a similar metal binding region. Howev ...
Plasmablast and Plasma Cell Production and Distribution in Trout
... of ASCs, which have been collectively described as plasma cells (24 –28). These plasma cells can be isolated from the three major immune tissues in fish: spleen, peripheral blood, and kidney (29 –31). The assumption that teleosts (or any other species) possess only one type of ASC, the plasma cell, ...
... of ASCs, which have been collectively described as plasma cells (24 –28). These plasma cells can be isolated from the three major immune tissues in fish: spleen, peripheral blood, and kidney (29 –31). The assumption that teleosts (or any other species) possess only one type of ASC, the plasma cell, ...
Localization of the mei-1 Gene Product of
... of the embryo, often with a dorsal-ventral orientation (Fig. 1; Mains et al., 1990a). A pseudocleavage takes place in the anterior. Cleavage furrows are sometimes incomplete and often result in blastomeres fusing with one another. At a semipermissive temperature, pairwise combinations of ts mutation ...
... of the embryo, often with a dorsal-ventral orientation (Fig. 1; Mains et al., 1990a). A pseudocleavage takes place in the anterior. Cleavage furrows are sometimes incomplete and often result in blastomeres fusing with one another. At a semipermissive temperature, pairwise combinations of ts mutation ...
Roy M.Long , Wei Gu , Ellen Lorimer,
... double mutant (M9 + M9A), predicted to restore the wildtype stem±loop structure and capable of RNA localization, resulted in higher She3p C-terminal-dependent b-galactosidase expression (Figure 1A) compared with the M9, M13 and M14 mutations (Chartrand et al., 1999). When other yeast 3¢-UTRs (ADHII) ...
... double mutant (M9 + M9A), predicted to restore the wildtype stem±loop structure and capable of RNA localization, resulted in higher She3p C-terminal-dependent b-galactosidase expression (Figure 1A) compared with the M9, M13 and M14 mutations (Chartrand et al., 1999). When other yeast 3¢-UTRs (ADHII) ...
Inflammation and fever
... firmly bound to the bacterial cell, in contrast to the thermolabile protein ”exotoxin”, secreted into the external environment. Endotoxin (lipolysaccharide, LPS) is responsible for many pathophysiological symptoms observed during gram-negative bacterial infections. They include pyrogenicity (the abil ...
... firmly bound to the bacterial cell, in contrast to the thermolabile protein ”exotoxin”, secreted into the external environment. Endotoxin (lipolysaccharide, LPS) is responsible for many pathophysiological symptoms observed during gram-negative bacterial infections. They include pyrogenicity (the abil ...
Cell Structures and Functions
... not cover all of the content listed in this section) a. All living things are made up of cells. b. Structure of cells (both plant and animal). i. Cell membrane: selectively allows substances in and out ii. Nucleus: surrounded by nuclear membrane, contains genetic material, divides for reproduction. ...
... not cover all of the content listed in this section) a. All living things are made up of cells. b. Structure of cells (both plant and animal). i. Cell membrane: selectively allows substances in and out ii. Nucleus: surrounded by nuclear membrane, contains genetic material, divides for reproduction. ...
Full Text Article
... HepG-2, MCF7, HT29 and Vero cell lines. Cell lines were seeded in 96-well tissue culture plates. Stock solutions of AgNPs (5 mg/ml) were prepared in sterile distilled water and diluted to the required concentrations (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0. 625, 0.312, 0.156 mg/ml) using the cell culture medium. Approp ...
... HepG-2, MCF7, HT29 and Vero cell lines. Cell lines were seeded in 96-well tissue culture plates. Stock solutions of AgNPs (5 mg/ml) were prepared in sterile distilled water and diluted to the required concentrations (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0. 625, 0.312, 0.156 mg/ml) using the cell culture medium. Approp ...
Muscle Development in Drosophila
... founders form as siblings of embryonic muscle founders, as a consequence of asymmetric cell division of progenitors. In some instances, as in the case of the Eve- expressing progenitor in the thoracic segments shown here, when the progenitor divides, one of the progeny retains expression of Eve [red ...
... founders form as siblings of embryonic muscle founders, as a consequence of asymmetric cell division of progenitors. In some instances, as in the case of the Eve- expressing progenitor in the thoracic segments shown here, when the progenitor divides, one of the progeny retains expression of Eve [red ...
The C-terminal end of R-Ras contains a focal adhesion targeting
... To investigate the targeting of R-Ras, we constructed constitutive active (38V) and dominant-negative (43N) mutants of R-Ras and tagged them to EGFP. Western blot analysis of Hela cell extracts harbouring these constructs showed the presence of a 55 kDa protein, as well as endogenous R-Ras (Fig. 1G) ...
... To investigate the targeting of R-Ras, we constructed constitutive active (38V) and dominant-negative (43N) mutants of R-Ras and tagged them to EGFP. Western blot analysis of Hela cell extracts harbouring these constructs showed the presence of a 55 kDa protein, as well as endogenous R-Ras (Fig. 1G) ...
Multiple Exocytotic Markers Accumulate at the Sites of Perifungal
... this membrane. Our results show that pre-penetration responses and symbiotic interface construction are associated with extensive membrane dynamics. They involve the main components of the exocytotic machinery, with a major participation of the Golgi apparatus, as revealed by both TEM and in vivo GF ...
... this membrane. Our results show that pre-penetration responses and symbiotic interface construction are associated with extensive membrane dynamics. They involve the main components of the exocytotic machinery, with a major participation of the Golgi apparatus, as revealed by both TEM and in vivo GF ...