molecular mechanisms of mechanoperception in plants
... protein complexes that provide a pathway for the movement of ions from one side of the membrane to the other. Ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels have been studied for many years in plant systems, most notably in guard cell signal transduction (reviewed in Hedrich, 2012; Ward et al., 2009). Thoug ...
... protein complexes that provide a pathway for the movement of ions from one side of the membrane to the other. Ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels have been studied for many years in plant systems, most notably in guard cell signal transduction (reviewed in Hedrich, 2012; Ward et al., 2009). Thoug ...
Mitochondrion and Chloroplast Regulation of Plant Programmed
... Arabidopsis protoplasts [60] and reduce the rate of fusaric acid-induced cell death in tobacco cells [69]. 2.2.2.3 Control of MMP During Plant PCD Hexokinase, the enzyme which catalyses the initial step in intracellular glucose metabolism, may control MMP in plants. Studies have shown that mitocho ...
... Arabidopsis protoplasts [60] and reduce the rate of fusaric acid-induced cell death in tobacco cells [69]. 2.2.2.3 Control of MMP During Plant PCD Hexokinase, the enzyme which catalyses the initial step in intracellular glucose metabolism, may control MMP in plants. Studies have shown that mitocho ...
Ciliary neurotrophic factor maintains the pluripotentiality of
... express both LIFRβ and gp130 transcripts (Fig. 1A) and can also be maintained by OSM (Fig. 2C). Moreover, two different ES cell lines examined (but not STO cells normally used as feeders for ES cells) also express CNTFRα transcripts (Fig. 1A), suggesting that CNTF might indeed act on ES cells. To de ...
... express both LIFRβ and gp130 transcripts (Fig. 1A) and can also be maintained by OSM (Fig. 2C). Moreover, two different ES cell lines examined (but not STO cells normally used as feeders for ES cells) also express CNTFRα transcripts (Fig. 1A), suggesting that CNTF might indeed act on ES cells. To de ...
Beginnings of a Good Apoptotic Meal: The Find-Me and
... and this recruitment is abolished when the triphosphonucleotides from the supernatants were degraded (Elliott et al., 2009). Furthermore, with clearance of dying thymocytes (after dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in the thymus) as a readout, enzymatically ablating the nucleotides or blocking nucleoti ...
... and this recruitment is abolished when the triphosphonucleotides from the supernatants were degraded (Elliott et al., 2009). Furthermore, with clearance of dying thymocytes (after dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in the thymus) as a readout, enzymatically ablating the nucleotides or blocking nucleoti ...
Lipids affect the function of membrane proteins
... spectrometry. The ion mobility separates protein complexes by size and shape, whereas the mass spectrometry separates them by mass-to-charge ratio. In a string of publications over the past several years, Robinson and coworkers have used the method to identify lipids that bind to membrane proteins w ...
... spectrometry. The ion mobility separates protein complexes by size and shape, whereas the mass spectrometry separates them by mass-to-charge ratio. In a string of publications over the past several years, Robinson and coworkers have used the method to identify lipids that bind to membrane proteins w ...
Adaptation of proteases and carbohydrases of
... in more detail to identify factors that distinguish plant and insect pathogens. V. albo-atrum, but not V. lecanii, grew well on different plant cell wall components. The major class of proteases produced in different media by isolates of V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae were broad spectrum basic (pl > 1 ...
... in more detail to identify factors that distinguish plant and insect pathogens. V. albo-atrum, but not V. lecanii, grew well on different plant cell wall components. The major class of proteases produced in different media by isolates of V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae were broad spectrum basic (pl > 1 ...
The application of Tet repressor in prokaryotic gene regulation and
... from that operon after tc induction. A general search for conditional auxotrophic mutants in E. coli, using a random insertion library of T-POP, has resulted in four strains with the desired phenotype (Hidalgo et al., 2004), while an E. coli strain deleted for the porin-encoding tsx gene has been ra ...
... from that operon after tc induction. A general search for conditional auxotrophic mutants in E. coli, using a random insertion library of T-POP, has resulted in four strains with the desired phenotype (Hidalgo et al., 2004), while an E. coli strain deleted for the porin-encoding tsx gene has been ra ...
A Smooth Muscle-specific Monoclonal Antibody Recognizes Smooth
... cations (3). For good separation of the actin isotypes, only the pH 5-7 Amphotine was used in making the isoelectric focusing gels, and the gels were 18 cm long. Approximately 20 tag of protein was loaded onto each isoelectric focusing gel. Isoelectric focusing was performed at 1,000 V for 18 h, and ...
... cations (3). For good separation of the actin isotypes, only the pH 5-7 Amphotine was used in making the isoelectric focusing gels, and the gels were 18 cm long. Approximately 20 tag of protein was loaded onto each isoelectric focusing gel. Isoelectric focusing was performed at 1,000 V for 18 h, and ...
DNA Helicases and Human Disease
... replication, and unwind DNA ahead of the replication fork. The single strands generated by progressive DNA unwinding serve as templates for processive DNA synthesis by the primase/polymerase complex. Enzymes performing this function have been identified in bacteria and viruses; the situation in yeas ...
... replication, and unwind DNA ahead of the replication fork. The single strands generated by progressive DNA unwinding serve as templates for processive DNA synthesis by the primase/polymerase complex. Enzymes performing this function have been identified in bacteria and viruses; the situation in yeas ...
isolation and genetic analysis of mutant strains in gametic
... by R. K. TOGASAKI and taken to Indiana University, where they were maintained in culture. Subsequently, DR. TOGASAKI sent us cells from his cultures (which we propose to designate 137c-H mt+ and 137c-H mt-). Both groups of investigators proceeded to use these as parent strains for the isolation of v ...
... by R. K. TOGASAKI and taken to Indiana University, where they were maintained in culture. Subsequently, DR. TOGASAKI sent us cells from his cultures (which we propose to designate 137c-H mt+ and 137c-H mt-). Both groups of investigators proceeded to use these as parent strains for the isolation of v ...
Intracellular Signals Direct Integrin Localization to Sites of Function
... to that ligand is found in the focal adhesions while the other integrin is found distributed diffusely over the cell surface (e.g., Fath et al., 1989). Third, when integrins bind to extracellular ligands, they become clustered, which by itself induces increased tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellu ...
... to that ligand is found in the focal adhesions while the other integrin is found distributed diffusely over the cell surface (e.g., Fath et al., 1989). Third, when integrins bind to extracellular ligands, they become clustered, which by itself induces increased tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellu ...
Fate mapping and cell lineage analysis of Hensen`s node in the
... Morphology of Hensen's node Hensen's node was examined in whole mounts with the dissecting microscope the confocal microscope, and in paraffin sections. A stereo-pair image of a stage 4 Hensen's node obtained by confocal microscopy is shown in Fig. 1. At this stage, the node is a bulbous mass of cel ...
... Morphology of Hensen's node Hensen's node was examined in whole mounts with the dissecting microscope the confocal microscope, and in paraffin sections. A stereo-pair image of a stage 4 Hensen's node obtained by confocal microscopy is shown in Fig. 1. At this stage, the node is a bulbous mass of cel ...
What you need to know about stem cell therapies
... This type of adult stem cell has some unique properties that might be good for regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells are found in bone marrow, fat, umbilical cord blood, circulating blood, and the placenta. Many stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells, can migrate within the body to are ...
... This type of adult stem cell has some unique properties that might be good for regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells are found in bone marrow, fat, umbilical cord blood, circulating blood, and the placenta. Many stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells, can migrate within the body to are ...
Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
... This cell-fractionation technique formed a bridge between the morphologists and the biochemists by providing a means for relating the biochemical events of protein synthesis to recognizable structures . The cell homogenate was at this time regarded as a "biochemical bog, in which much effort was bei ...
... This cell-fractionation technique formed a bridge between the morphologists and the biochemists by providing a means for relating the biochemical events of protein synthesis to recognizable structures . The cell homogenate was at this time regarded as a "biochemical bog, in which much effort was bei ...
GALLOYLGLUCOSES OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT AS
... From the Section of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 ...
... From the Section of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 ...
Urinalysis
... Next, examination is carried out at high power to identify crystals, cells, and bacteria. – The various types of cells are usually described as the number of each type found per average high power field (HPF). ...
... Next, examination is carried out at high power to identify crystals, cells, and bacteria. – The various types of cells are usually described as the number of each type found per average high power field (HPF). ...
Certain Aspects of Cell Lineage and Morphogenesis
... The lethal effect of pole-cell irradiation at the three stages was clearly demonstrated. In each group at least 45 eggs were treated, and the percentage lethalities after 15 hours' embryonic development were as follows: 33 per cent, (irradiation at 1 hour); 57 per cent. (2 hours); 0 per cent. (3 hou ...
... The lethal effect of pole-cell irradiation at the three stages was clearly demonstrated. In each group at least 45 eggs were treated, and the percentage lethalities after 15 hours' embryonic development were as follows: 33 per cent, (irradiation at 1 hour); 57 per cent. (2 hours); 0 per cent. (3 hou ...
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... or local constraints, we used conditioned medium (CM) from cells grown at high density for two days and tested the effect of several ratios of this CM and fresh medium onto cells cultured at low density for two days (Fig. 2C). Under these experimental conditions, T and Wnt3 downregula ...
... or local constraints, we used conditioned medium (CM) from cells grown at high density for two days and tested the effect of several ratios of this CM and fresh medium onto cells cultured at low density for two days (Fig. 2C). Under these experimental conditions, T and Wnt3 downregula ...
Mechanisms of cellular communication through intercellular protein
... several studies gathered biophysical and molecular data and confirmed its existence between immune cells. Since then the term ‘immunological synapse’ (IS) has gained wide acceptance among immunologists [3–6]. Recently, the concept of synapse has been extended further to describe contacts between imm ...
... several studies gathered biophysical and molecular data and confirmed its existence between immune cells. Since then the term ‘immunological synapse’ (IS) has gained wide acceptance among immunologists [3–6]. Recently, the concept of synapse has been extended further to describe contacts between imm ...
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of
... truncatula and L. japonicus, the gshs and hgshs genes have 12 exons of identical size (except for the first ones, which are very close in size), show high sequence homology (83% identity between the coding sequences of the two genes), and are tandemly arranged (and with the same orientation) in the ...
... truncatula and L. japonicus, the gshs and hgshs genes have 12 exons of identical size (except for the first ones, which are very close in size), show high sequence homology (83% identity between the coding sequences of the two genes), and are tandemly arranged (and with the same orientation) in the ...
Nature - Andreas Jenny`s Laboratory
... less severe, neurulation phenotype to that of MZtri mutants (Fig. 1i). Reduction of Wnt4 activity in an MZslb;MZppt background (through injection of wnt4 antisense morpholino oligonucleotides17) enhanced the mutant phenotype, and at the 20-somite stage MZslb;MZppt;wnt4-morphant embryos displayed a n ...
... less severe, neurulation phenotype to that of MZtri mutants (Fig. 1i). Reduction of Wnt4 activity in an MZslb;MZppt background (through injection of wnt4 antisense morpholino oligonucleotides17) enhanced the mutant phenotype, and at the 20-somite stage MZslb;MZppt;wnt4-morphant embryos displayed a n ...
S-Box Gene Expression Gene That Results in Derepression of
... vitro (20, 21). Overexpression of SAM synthetase in vivo results in increased repression of S-box gene expression, supporting the model that SAM is the effector in vivo (3, 20). These results suggested that S-box RNAs directly sense SAM and are therefore members of the family of RNA elements termed ...
... vitro (20, 21). Overexpression of SAM synthetase in vivo results in increased repression of S-box gene expression, supporting the model that SAM is the effector in vivo (3, 20). These results suggested that S-box RNAs directly sense SAM and are therefore members of the family of RNA elements termed ...
Chapter 6 Cell - SCF Faculty Site Homepage
... *main support of cell & form cilia & flagella *can function as “tracks” along which other subcellular structures can be transported ...
... *main support of cell & form cilia & flagella *can function as “tracks” along which other subcellular structures can be transported ...
identified aplysia neurons form specific chemical synapses in culture1
... not been directly examined in these preparations. In other species, such as molluscs, in which intracellular recording is easily done in the adult, it is difficult to perform experiments on identified cells until rather late in development, long after specific connections have been established. Rece ...
... not been directly examined in these preparations. In other species, such as molluscs, in which intracellular recording is easily done in the adult, it is difficult to perform experiments on identified cells until rather late in development, long after specific connections have been established. Rece ...
Review Convergent Extension - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
... Continued examination of all of the movements and cellular mechanisms in many different organisms will be needed to appreciate the regulatory logic and evolutionary constraints that determine the form of the vertebrate embryo. Frogs and Fish Use Different Cellular Mechanisms to Accomplish Convergent ...
... Continued examination of all of the movements and cellular mechanisms in many different organisms will be needed to appreciate the regulatory logic and evolutionary constraints that determine the form of the vertebrate embryo. Frogs and Fish Use Different Cellular Mechanisms to Accomplish Convergent ...