Protein kinase signaling networks in plant innate immunity
... Corresponding author: Sheen, Jen ([email protected]) These authors contributed equally to the work. ...
... Corresponding author: Sheen, Jen ([email protected]) These authors contributed equally to the work. ...
The Distribution and Morphology Alterations of Microfilaments and
... studies on cytoskeleton mainly focused on animal cells, and there were rarely researches or reports about cytoskeleton morphological alterations and molecular mechanism using plant cells as materials. Recently, with the continuous improvement of research technology in life sciences, the understandin ...
... studies on cytoskeleton mainly focused on animal cells, and there were rarely researches or reports about cytoskeleton morphological alterations and molecular mechanism using plant cells as materials. Recently, with the continuous improvement of research technology in life sciences, the understandin ...
Shininger, AnnRev. Plant Physiol. 1979 30:313-37
... of the leaf primordia,in fact, causesdisruption of this initially continuousprocambium, resulting in the formationof parenchymatous leaf gapsin the stem. Surgical removalof the primordiaresulted in eliminationof gapformation(I 39). ThusWardlaw believes that the cells abovethe leaf primordiarepresent ...
... of the leaf primordia,in fact, causesdisruption of this initially continuousprocambium, resulting in the formationof parenchymatous leaf gapsin the stem. Surgical removalof the primordiaresulted in eliminationof gapformation(I 39). ThusWardlaw believes that the cells abovethe leaf primordiarepresent ...
IL-13Ra1 Expression on b-Cell–Specific T Cells in NOD
... with advanced insulitis. Immunization with p524-538 preserved IL-13Ra1 expression on PLN T cells. CONCLUSIONS—IL-13 may be important for regulating autoimmunity in the early stages of insulitis, and the loss of IL-13Ra1 on islet-reactive T cells may be a biomarker for fading regional immune regulati ...
... with advanced insulitis. Immunization with p524-538 preserved IL-13Ra1 expression on PLN T cells. CONCLUSIONS—IL-13 may be important for regulating autoimmunity in the early stages of insulitis, and the loss of IL-13Ra1 on islet-reactive T cells may be a biomarker for fading regional immune regulati ...
Activation of different myogenic pathways: myf-5 is
... isolated from axial structures (neural tube and notochord) but not from dorsolateral structures of the body (dorsal ectoderm, lateral mesoderm and dorsal aorta); also the same structures from the paraxial mesoderm were isolated from dorsolateral but not from axial structures (A and B in Fig. 1). Fin ...
... isolated from axial structures (neural tube and notochord) but not from dorsolateral structures of the body (dorsal ectoderm, lateral mesoderm and dorsal aorta); also the same structures from the paraxial mesoderm were isolated from dorsolateral but not from axial structures (A and B in Fig. 1). Fin ...
Activation of different myogenic pathways: myf
... isolated from axial structures (neural tube and notochord) but not from dorsolateral structures of the body (dorsal ectoderm, lateral mesoderm and dorsal aorta); also the same structures from the paraxial mesoderm were isolated from dorsolateral but not from axial structures (A and B in Fig. 1). Fin ...
... isolated from axial structures (neural tube and notochord) but not from dorsolateral structures of the body (dorsal ectoderm, lateral mesoderm and dorsal aorta); also the same structures from the paraxial mesoderm were isolated from dorsolateral but not from axial structures (A and B in Fig. 1). Fin ...
v6a16-phelan pgmkr
... mutations may develop RP [80,81]. RDSmutations also have been identified in a variety of macular pattern dystrophies [82,83], and recent reviews more fully describe the complex phenotypic expressions in these cases [3,84]. Tetraspanins as a family form promiscuous associations with many different mo ...
... mutations may develop RP [80,81]. RDSmutations also have been identified in a variety of macular pattern dystrophies [82,83], and recent reviews more fully describe the complex phenotypic expressions in these cases [3,84]. Tetraspanins as a family form promiscuous associations with many different mo ...
Article A Model of Substitution Trajectories in
... different substitution rate multipliers. The first such models allowed a site to switch between invariable and variable states (Tuffley and Steel 1998; Huelsenbeck 2002) the second ones to switch between several !i categories (Galtier 2001). Wang et al. (2007) combined both approaches into a more ge ...
... different substitution rate multipliers. The first such models allowed a site to switch between invariable and variable states (Tuffley and Steel 1998; Huelsenbeck 2002) the second ones to switch between several !i categories (Galtier 2001). Wang et al. (2007) combined both approaches into a more ge ...
1 Laccases direct lignification in the discrete secondary cell wall
... within the cell wall. Monolignol polymerization occurs by oxidative combinatorial coupling of monolignols, catalyzed by cell wall-localized laccases and/or peroxidases (Vanholme et al., 2012). A peroxidase (ZPO-C), originally isolated from xylogenic Zinnia elegans cell cultures, has been localized t ...
... within the cell wall. Monolignol polymerization occurs by oxidative combinatorial coupling of monolignols, catalyzed by cell wall-localized laccases and/or peroxidases (Vanholme et al., 2012). A peroxidase (ZPO-C), originally isolated from xylogenic Zinnia elegans cell cultures, has been localized t ...
Calcium-Dependent Prevention of Neuronal Apoptosis by Lithium Ion
... Cortical neurons treated with Li⫹ revealed an immediate increase in [Ca2⫹]i. This increase was maximally observed within 2 min after exposure to Li⫹ (Fig. 2, a and b). Thereafter, Li⫹-induced increase in [Ca2⫹]i rapidly declined but remained up to 2.5-fold higher than basal level until analyzed over ...
... Cortical neurons treated with Li⫹ revealed an immediate increase in [Ca2⫹]i. This increase was maximally observed within 2 min after exposure to Li⫹ (Fig. 2, a and b). Thereafter, Li⫹-induced increase in [Ca2⫹]i rapidly declined but remained up to 2.5-fold higher than basal level until analyzed over ...
Myeloid Dendritic Cells DHX15 Senses Double
... innate immune system. Although AIM2 assembles a complex with dsDNA and the adaptor molecule of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD) to activate inflammasome (10–16), IFI16 senses dsDNA to induce a type I IFN response mediated by stimulato ...
... innate immune system. Although AIM2 assembles a complex with dsDNA and the adaptor molecule of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD) to activate inflammasome (10–16), IFI16 senses dsDNA to induce a type I IFN response mediated by stimulato ...
Herpesvirus Glycoproteins Undergo Multiple Antigenic Changes
... Figure 1. Kinetic analysis of antigenic changes in gB. (A) NMuMG cells were incubated with MuHV-4 (3 p.f.u./cell, 2h, 4uC), washed, and then either fixed immediately or first further incubated (1h and 2h, 37uC) to allow virion endocytosis. The cells were then stained with the gB-specific mAbs BN-1A7 ...
... Figure 1. Kinetic analysis of antigenic changes in gB. (A) NMuMG cells were incubated with MuHV-4 (3 p.f.u./cell, 2h, 4uC), washed, and then either fixed immediately or first further incubated (1h and 2h, 37uC) to allow virion endocytosis. The cells were then stained with the gB-specific mAbs BN-1A7 ...
Cooperation between upstream and downstream
... of the factors involved, as well as their relationships with the other components of the transcription machinery. The major late promoter (MLP) of human adenovirus 2 or 5 is one of the eukaryotic promoters that have been most extensively studied (see 10, 11 for reviews). Efficient constitutive trans ...
... of the factors involved, as well as their relationships with the other components of the transcription machinery. The major late promoter (MLP) of human adenovirus 2 or 5 is one of the eukaryotic promoters that have been most extensively studied (see 10, 11 for reviews). Efficient constitutive trans ...
p53-63/aruoma AJC36/sep98 orig - asia pacific journal of clinical
... They generate O2.–, H2O2 and, in the case of neutrophils, HOCl as one of their mechanisms for killing foreign organisms.46,47 This essential defence mechanism, however, can go wrong; several diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, are accompanied by excessive phagocyte ...
... They generate O2.–, H2O2 and, in the case of neutrophils, HOCl as one of their mechanisms for killing foreign organisms.46,47 This essential defence mechanism, however, can go wrong; several diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, are accompanied by excessive phagocyte ...
the pdf - University of British Columbia
... Several recent experiments on developing chick spinal cord have established a time window when the developing spinal cord changes from a permissive to a restrictive environment for regeneration. This time window occurs during embryonic days 13-14 (E13E14) of chick development. Recent experiments in ...
... Several recent experiments on developing chick spinal cord have established a time window when the developing spinal cord changes from a permissive to a restrictive environment for regeneration. This time window occurs during embryonic days 13-14 (E13E14) of chick development. Recent experiments in ...
Quality control in the initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication
... to once per cell cycle. In general, licensing can occur from the end of mitosis until a point in late G1 phase, and the helicase activation step can only occur during S phase and G2 phase. The mechanisms by which these steps are regulated during the cell cycle are considered in §3. ...
... to once per cell cycle. In general, licensing can occur from the end of mitosis until a point in late G1 phase, and the helicase activation step can only occur during S phase and G2 phase. The mechanisms by which these steps are regulated during the cell cycle are considered in §3. ...
CpG-ODN 2006 and human parvovirus B19 genome consensus
... recognized via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). TLR9 has evolved to recognize unmethylated CpG (cytosine linked to a guanine by a phosphate bound) dinucleotides that are relatively common in bacterial and viral genomic DNA, but not in vertebral genomes.5 CpG DNA is generally most active as synthetic sin ...
... recognized via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). TLR9 has evolved to recognize unmethylated CpG (cytosine linked to a guanine by a phosphate bound) dinucleotides that are relatively common in bacterial and viral genomic DNA, but not in vertebral genomes.5 CpG DNA is generally most active as synthetic sin ...
Session 241 Ganglion Cells: Development, axotomy, trauma
... Purpose: Melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) represent a non-canonical class of photoreceptor in the mammalian retina. ipRGCs have been shown to be involved in a number of visual behaviors such as circadian photoentrainment and contrast sensitivity. Th ...
... Purpose: Melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) represent a non-canonical class of photoreceptor in the mammalian retina. ipRGCs have been shown to be involved in a number of visual behaviors such as circadian photoentrainment and contrast sensitivity. Th ...
Biology Lesson Plans - Paint Valley Local Schools
... HW: Study your Meiosis C-Map so that you can better understand the type of cell division that makes sperm and egg. Ch. 8 Test next Monday. Tuesday, November 19, 2013 Finish Life’s Greatest Miracle Interactive Animations of Mitosis & Meiosis on the SmartBoard 1. Meiosis Only with 4 Q quiz http://www. ...
... HW: Study your Meiosis C-Map so that you can better understand the type of cell division that makes sperm and egg. Ch. 8 Test next Monday. Tuesday, November 19, 2013 Finish Life’s Greatest Miracle Interactive Animations of Mitosis & Meiosis on the SmartBoard 1. Meiosis Only with 4 Q quiz http://www. ...
Low dose effects of ionizing radiation on normal tissue stem cells
... 1.2 The new paradigm in radiation biology Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies in the last two decades has highlighted several issues that are not considered by conventional radiation carcinogenesis theories [4;5]. Firstly, the precise initiation event is difficult to pin point for radiation a ...
... 1.2 The new paradigm in radiation biology Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies in the last two decades has highlighted several issues that are not considered by conventional radiation carcinogenesis theories [4;5]. Firstly, the precise initiation event is difficult to pin point for radiation a ...
Plasmids
... DNA into a cell. The plasmids used in molecular biology have been constructed by molecular biologists, who used recombinant DNA technology to incorporate many different functional elements into naturally-occurring plasmids. Plasmids have been engineered to carry up to 10 kb of foreign DNA and the ...
... DNA into a cell. The plasmids used in molecular biology have been constructed by molecular biologists, who used recombinant DNA technology to incorporate many different functional elements into naturally-occurring plasmids. Plasmids have been engineered to carry up to 10 kb of foreign DNA and the ...
Asymmetric Cell Divisions in the Early Embryo of the Leech
... developmental mechanisms along different branches of the phylogenetic tree. To avoid a self-defeating circularity in this undertaking, it is imperative that we avoid using developmentally-derived traits to construct the phylogenetic trees that are used to interpret developmental comparisons. Constru ...
... developmental mechanisms along different branches of the phylogenetic tree. To avoid a self-defeating circularity in this undertaking, it is imperative that we avoid using developmentally-derived traits to construct the phylogenetic trees that are used to interpret developmental comparisons. Constru ...
In vitro study of chorionic and ectoplacental
... foetal capillaries (containing numerous foetal red blood cells) were confined to the mesoderm adjacent to the chorionic plate (Fig. 5). The cells of mesodermal origin migrated to the anterior part of the chorionic layer but the foetal capillaries never developed in the trophoblastic tissues. After 4 ...
... foetal capillaries (containing numerous foetal red blood cells) were confined to the mesoderm adjacent to the chorionic plate (Fig. 5). The cells of mesodermal origin migrated to the anterior part of the chorionic layer but the foetal capillaries never developed in the trophoblastic tissues. After 4 ...
The Notch-target gene hairy2a impedes the involution of
... 11), foxa4a and hairy2a have partially overlapping domains (Fig. 2B,B′). In the DNIMZ, the outer limit of foxa4a coincides with the hairy2a arc that marks the prospective notoplate (asterisks). While the entire DIMZ in the organiser expresses foxa4a, only some scattered cells are hairy2a+ (arrow). A ...
... 11), foxa4a and hairy2a have partially overlapping domains (Fig. 2B,B′). In the DNIMZ, the outer limit of foxa4a coincides with the hairy2a arc that marks the prospective notoplate (asterisks). While the entire DIMZ in the organiser expresses foxa4a, only some scattered cells are hairy2a+ (arrow). A ...
Evaluation of flow cytometry as replacement for plating in in vitro
... problem, it is compounded by the fact that there are few new antibiotics in the research pipeline. This is likely not due to scientists having exhausted the space of possible drugs, but rather because the pharmaceutical companies are leaving the antibiotic market17. The reason for this is multifacto ...
... problem, it is compounded by the fact that there are few new antibiotics in the research pipeline. This is likely not due to scientists having exhausted the space of possible drugs, but rather because the pharmaceutical companies are leaving the antibiotic market17. The reason for this is multifacto ...