Pseudorabies virus (PRV)-specific antibodies suppress intracellular
... whether the long-term surviving PRV-infected monocytes with suppressed expression of viral antigens we describe here are still able to transmit infectious virus to vascular endothelial via direct cell-to-cell spread by performing a co-cultivation assay similar to the one we described earlier (Van de ...
... whether the long-term surviving PRV-infected monocytes with suppressed expression of viral antigens we describe here are still able to transmit infectious virus to vascular endothelial via direct cell-to-cell spread by performing a co-cultivation assay similar to the one we described earlier (Van de ...
The C-terminal end of R-Ras contains a focal adhesion targeting
... To investigate the targeting of R-Ras, we constructed constitutive active (38V) and dominant-negative (43N) mutants of R-Ras and tagged them to EGFP. Western blot analysis of Hela cell extracts harbouring these constructs showed the presence of a 55 kDa protein, as well as endogenous R-Ras (Fig. 1G) ...
... To investigate the targeting of R-Ras, we constructed constitutive active (38V) and dominant-negative (43N) mutants of R-Ras and tagged them to EGFP. Western blot analysis of Hela cell extracts harbouring these constructs showed the presence of a 55 kDa protein, as well as endogenous R-Ras (Fig. 1G) ...
Multiple Exocytotic Markers Accumulate at the Sites of Perifungal
... this membrane. Our results show that pre-penetration responses and symbiotic interface construction are associated with extensive membrane dynamics. They involve the main components of the exocytotic machinery, with a major participation of the Golgi apparatus, as revealed by both TEM and in vivo GF ...
... this membrane. Our results show that pre-penetration responses and symbiotic interface construction are associated with extensive membrane dynamics. They involve the main components of the exocytotic machinery, with a major participation of the Golgi apparatus, as revealed by both TEM and in vivo GF ...
OCTOPUS, a polarly localised membrane
... phloem cells in the root and lower hypocotyl of Arabidopsis seedlings (Scheres et al., 1995). WOL is required for the periclinal cell divisions in the root meristem that give rise to the phloem cell lineages. Consequently, the number of cells in the wol root stele is reduced, thus indirectly comprom ...
... phloem cells in the root and lower hypocotyl of Arabidopsis seedlings (Scheres et al., 1995). WOL is required for the periclinal cell divisions in the root meristem that give rise to the phloem cell lineages. Consequently, the number of cells in the wol root stele is reduced, thus indirectly comprom ...
Hematopoietic cells expressing the peripheral cannabinoid receptor
... protected fragment was identified in the other myeloid cell lines (Figure 1B). As demonstrated previously, this latter protected fragment represents exon-1A/exon-2 Cb2 transcript.3,27 Ligand binding studies using [3H]CP55940 and Scatchard plot analysis revealed the presence of significant numbers of ...
... protected fragment was identified in the other myeloid cell lines (Figure 1B). As demonstrated previously, this latter protected fragment represents exon-1A/exon-2 Cb2 transcript.3,27 Ligand binding studies using [3H]CP55940 and Scatchard plot analysis revealed the presence of significant numbers of ...
Chapter 5
... of phospholipids in a bilayer. The other components of the membrane are embedded within the bilayer, which provides a flexible matrix and, at the same time, imposes a barrier to permeability. Animal cell membranes also contain a significant amount of cholesterol, a steroid with a polar hydroxyl grou ...
... of phospholipids in a bilayer. The other components of the membrane are embedded within the bilayer, which provides a flexible matrix and, at the same time, imposes a barrier to permeability. Animal cell membranes also contain a significant amount of cholesterol, a steroid with a polar hydroxyl grou ...
Adherence of Pathogenic Mycoplasmas to Host Cells
... The dominating view for a long time was that mycoplasmas cannot penetrate into eukaryotic cells. While this basic concept still holds, recent findings triggered by the intensive research on the possible role of mycoplasmas as cofactors in AIDS activation, showed mycoplasmas to be located also intrac ...
... The dominating view for a long time was that mycoplasmas cannot penetrate into eukaryotic cells. While this basic concept still holds, recent findings triggered by the intensive research on the possible role of mycoplasmas as cofactors in AIDS activation, showed mycoplasmas to be located also intrac ...
Endocytosis unplugged: multiple ways to enter the cell
... Clathrin-mediated endocytosis Initially identified in electron micrographs used to study yolk protein uptake in mosquito Aedes aegypti, clathrin was one of the first endocytic coat proteins to be discovered as a major component of ‘bristled vesicles’ [42, 43]. Studies on clathrinmediated endocytosis ...
... Clathrin-mediated endocytosis Initially identified in electron micrographs used to study yolk protein uptake in mosquito Aedes aegypti, clathrin was one of the first endocytic coat proteins to be discovered as a major component of ‘bristled vesicles’ [42, 43]. Studies on clathrinmediated endocytosis ...
Role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer development
... al., 2009). Consistent with this, CAFs exhibit some cancer-specific changes, including defective p53/p21-dependent signaling pathway in response to g-rays, high level of survivin, increased resistance to cisplatin and UV light and strong expression of the proliferation markers Ki-67 and PCNA (Hawsaw ...
... al., 2009). Consistent with this, CAFs exhibit some cancer-specific changes, including defective p53/p21-dependent signaling pathway in response to g-rays, high level of survivin, increased resistance to cisplatin and UV light and strong expression of the proliferation markers Ki-67 and PCNA (Hawsaw ...
A Discussion of the Mechanism of Action of Steroid Hormones*
... when they originate in one group of cells and regu late the physiologic behavior of other cells in the same multicellular organism. Through the classical methods of endocrinology, involving extirpation of various organs and hormone replacement, a number of primary sites of synthesis of such steroids ...
... when they originate in one group of cells and regu late the physiologic behavior of other cells in the same multicellular organism. Through the classical methods of endocrinology, involving extirpation of various organs and hormone replacement, a number of primary sites of synthesis of such steroids ...
Host cytoskeleton in respiratory syncytial virus assembly and
... end of the genome acts as the only attachment site for the polymerase complex [5]. Genes are then transcribed sequentially from 3’ to 5’ end. However, due to polymerase drop off at intergenic regions, there is a gradient of expression, with genes at the 3’ end expressed at higher levels than genes a ...
... end of the genome acts as the only attachment site for the polymerase complex [5]. Genes are then transcribed sequentially from 3’ to 5’ end. However, due to polymerase drop off at intergenic regions, there is a gradient of expression, with genes at the 3’ end expressed at higher levels than genes a ...
International Society for Microbial Ecology
... C58 indicated that RrF4 did not lose any essential genes or partial genetic pathways. The circular and linear chromosomes of RrF4 had 100 and 80 singleton open reading frames, respectively, not present in C58. Most of these open reading frames were of unknown function and may be candidates for futur ...
... C58 indicated that RrF4 did not lose any essential genes or partial genetic pathways. The circular and linear chromosomes of RrF4 had 100 and 80 singleton open reading frames, respectively, not present in C58. Most of these open reading frames were of unknown function and may be candidates for futur ...
Intercellular adhesion and cell separation in plants
... plant growth and development, and an essential part of the strategy by which growing plants achieve mechanical strength. Turgor pressure provides non-woody plant tissues with mechanical rigidity and the driving force for growth, but at the same time it generates large forces tending to separate cell ...
... plant growth and development, and an essential part of the strategy by which growing plants achieve mechanical strength. Turgor pressure provides non-woody plant tissues with mechanical rigidity and the driving force for growth, but at the same time it generates large forces tending to separate cell ...
Non-pathogenic Rhizobium radiobacter F4 deploys plant
... C58 indicated that RrF4 did not lose any essential genes or partial genetic pathways. The circular and linear chromosomes of RrF4 had 100 and 80 singleton open reading frames, respectively, not present in C58. Most of these open reading frames were of unknown function and may be candidates for futur ...
... C58 indicated that RrF4 did not lose any essential genes or partial genetic pathways. The circular and linear chromosomes of RrF4 had 100 and 80 singleton open reading frames, respectively, not present in C58. Most of these open reading frames were of unknown function and may be candidates for futur ...
the roles of apoptotic nucleases in cell death and animal development
... of the DFF40/CAD endonuclease (Liu et al. 1997, 1998; Enari et al. 1998; Sakahira et al. 1998). The activated DFF40/CAD nuclease then associates with chromosomal proteins such as Histone H1, HMG proteins, and topoisomerase II to promote efficient cleavage of internucleosomal DNA (Liu et al. 1998; Du ...
... of the DFF40/CAD endonuclease (Liu et al. 1997, 1998; Enari et al. 1998; Sakahira et al. 1998). The activated DFF40/CAD nuclease then associates with chromosomal proteins such as Histone H1, HMG proteins, and topoisomerase II to promote efficient cleavage of internucleosomal DNA (Liu et al. 1998; Du ...
Isolates of Vaccinia Virus Strains, Smallpox Vaccines, and Zoonotic
... MHC class I through their TCR (1, 2). Virus infection can result in many epitopes being presented to CD8+ T cells, but their immunogenicity varies over orders of magnitude (3). Epitopes that elicit a strong CD8+ T cell response can be considered immunodominant, whereas others that induce a smaller b ...
... MHC class I through their TCR (1, 2). Virus infection can result in many epitopes being presented to CD8+ T cells, but their immunogenicity varies over orders of magnitude (3). Epitopes that elicit a strong CD8+ T cell response can be considered immunodominant, whereas others that induce a smaller b ...
Visualization of an endogenous retinoic acid gradient across
... (RA) is an important morphogen involved in patterning the anterior–posterior axis of structures, including the hindbrain1–6 and paraxial mesoderm7,8. RA diffuses over long distances, and its activity is spatially restricted by synthesizing and degrading enzymes9. However, gradients of endogenous mor ...
... (RA) is an important morphogen involved in patterning the anterior–posterior axis of structures, including the hindbrain1–6 and paraxial mesoderm7,8. RA diffuses over long distances, and its activity is spatially restricted by synthesizing and degrading enzymes9. However, gradients of endogenous mor ...
a-detailed-study-of
... programmed, active, cell death, morphologically and biochemically different from necrosis, and is important in normal development and physiological homeostasis of multicellular organisms [1, 2 and 3]. Cells dying by apoptosis maintain membrane integrity until late in the process but display several ...
... programmed, active, cell death, morphologically and biochemically different from necrosis, and is important in normal development and physiological homeostasis of multicellular organisms [1, 2 and 3]. Cells dying by apoptosis maintain membrane integrity until late in the process but display several ...
Asymmetric cell division in C. elegans - Development
... counteracting lateral signals from neighboring cells that would otherwise reverse the polarity of the V5 cell division. Our findings indicate that this lateral signaling pathway ...
... counteracting lateral signals from neighboring cells that would otherwise reverse the polarity of the V5 cell division. Our findings indicate that this lateral signaling pathway ...
Teacher Guide for Amplify Cell Structure and Function Module
... them that eating and breathing provides glucose and oxygen—this is one of the key connections between the organism and the cell. » Then ask students to think about cellular outputs. Just like humans breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide, the cell releases carbon dioxide as well. Understan ...
... them that eating and breathing provides glucose and oxygen—this is one of the key connections between the organism and the cell. » Then ask students to think about cellular outputs. Just like humans breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide, the cell releases carbon dioxide as well. Understan ...
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44: 1927-1932, 2003.
... individual myofibers and are normally quiescent.6 After a muscle injury, the satellite cells become activated and divide and are responsible for muscle repair and regeneration. The regenerating muscles reexpress a number of the myogenic growth factors and immature myosin heavy-chain isoforms that re ...
... individual myofibers and are normally quiescent.6 After a muscle injury, the satellite cells become activated and divide and are responsible for muscle repair and regeneration. The regenerating muscles reexpress a number of the myogenic growth factors and immature myosin heavy-chain isoforms that re ...
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 chemotaxis proteins and electron
... Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 cells utilize a behaviour response called electrokinesis to increase their speed in the vicinity of IEAs (insoluble electron acceptors), including manganese oxides, iron oxides and poised electrodes [Harris, El-Naggar, Bretschger, Ward, Romine, Obraztsova and Nealson (2010 ...
... Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 cells utilize a behaviour response called electrokinesis to increase their speed in the vicinity of IEAs (insoluble electron acceptors), including manganese oxides, iron oxides and poised electrodes [Harris, El-Naggar, Bretschger, Ward, Romine, Obraztsova and Nealson (2010 ...
Degradation of the plant cell wall by nematodes
... Protein extracts and exudates from a number of phytoparasitic and fungal-feeding nematode species contained cellulolytic, amylolytic, chitinolytic, and pectolytic enzyme activity, suggesting the potential for endogenous production and secretion of cell wall-degrading enzymes from nematodes. Since th ...
... Protein extracts and exudates from a number of phytoparasitic and fungal-feeding nematode species contained cellulolytic, amylolytic, chitinolytic, and pectolytic enzyme activity, suggesting the potential for endogenous production and secretion of cell wall-degrading enzymes from nematodes. Since th ...
How to Study and Exploit microRNAs for Gene Therapy Bernhard Gentner, M.D.
... sites for miRNA • “soak up” miRNA with a complementary seed region, i.e. the whole miRNA family • In cell lines as effective as chemically modified ...
... sites for miRNA • “soak up” miRNA with a complementary seed region, i.e. the whole miRNA family • In cell lines as effective as chemically modified ...
How to make spinal motor neurons - Development
... through the inhibition of BMP and activin signaling, and, in higher organisms, enhanced FGF and Wnt signaling. Neuralization proceeds through the formation of a neural plate and subsequent generation of neural folds, which in turn fuse to give rise to the neural tube. The neural tube is then pattern ...
... through the inhibition of BMP and activin signaling, and, in higher organisms, enhanced FGF and Wnt signaling. Neuralization proceeds through the formation of a neural plate and subsequent generation of neural folds, which in turn fuse to give rise to the neural tube. The neural tube is then pattern ...