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Cells and Organelles Test Review C) recognize levels of
Cells and Organelles Test Review C) recognize levels of

... (D) differentiate between structure and function in plant and animal cell organelles, including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and vacuole; (E) compare the functions of a cell to the functions of organisms such as waste removal; and (F) recognize that accor ...
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... ______1. a rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria ______2. a green organelle found in plant cells that is able to generate glucose using photosynthesis ______3. a protective layer surrounding the cell that regulates the flow of mate ...
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... membrane containing two phospholipid bilayers • Contains small nuclear pores – Allow substances to pass from the nucleus to cytoplasm ...
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... a carbohydrate “coat” covering the outer face of the plasma membrane…. the glycocalyx provides recognition markers for cell to cell recognition ...
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... 1. Lipids are one of the 4 organic molecules that occur in all living things. 2. All membrane-bound organelles are made from Lipids (Cell Membrane, Nuclear Membrane, inner and outer Mitochondrial Membrane, etc) 3. Membranes come in various shapes depending on function and have proteins embedded in t ...
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... Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Parts of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are changed (modified) Rough ER –in charge of protein synthesis (Called rough because of ribosomes) Smooth ER – no ribosomes present Contains enzymes that perform specialized tasks such as lipid synthesis ...
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... - differences and similarities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes - differences and similarities of plant and animal cells (both eukaryotes) - structure/function(s) of each organelle discussed in lecture - what the endomembrane system is and which components of the cell belong to it - what a virus is - v ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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