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Section 5-2: Active Transport
Section 5-2: Active Transport

... 1. How it Works  A portion of the cell membrane moves inward, forming a pouch.  Molecules enter this pouch and the membrane continues pinching inward, eventually completely surrounding the molecules.  The pouch pinches off completely from the cell membrane and becomes a vesicle. 2. Pinocytosis – ...
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... The transport system of the cell. It transports molecules that need certain changes and also molecules to their destination. Thee are two types, rough and smooth. Rough has ribosomes bound to it, making it appear rough; while the smooth does not have the ribosomes. ...
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... Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a variety of functions • Smooth ER no ribosomes on surface • Smooth ER makes lipids (fatty acids, phospholipids and steroids) • In liver cells, it regulates carbohydrate metabolism and breaks down toxins and drugs • In muscle cells it stores calcium needed for muscl ...
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... Found mostly in white blood cells Have been linked to diseases, such as Tay Sach’s Tay Sach’s is a disorder that is caused by a genetic defect that prevents the formation of an essential enzyme that breaks down lipids These lipids build up in the body and can cause nerve damage; prognosis is not goo ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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