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Radial Artery Access for Diagnostic and Interventional Procedures
Radial Artery Access for Diagnostic and Interventional Procedures

... to a femoral approach with a larger gauge needle). Therefore, shorter needles seem more desirable. The bevel of the needle is important because of the small caliber of the artery. A gentler bevel angle allows for smoother movement of the wire. The wires that are supplied are usually 30-50cm and ofte ...
Churchill, a Zinc Finger Transcriptional Activator, Regulates the
Churchill, a Zinc Finger Transcriptional Activator, Regulates the

... within 2 hr, but unless cells are exposed to other (unknown) signals, this expression is lost and cells revert to an epidermal fate. We have also found that 5 hr exposure to either organizer-derived (Hensen’s node) signals or to FGF8 are required to sensitize cells to BMP antagonists, which then sta ...
Cyclooxygenase-2 Contributes to N-Methyl-D-aspartate
Cyclooxygenase-2 Contributes to N-Methyl-D-aspartate

... Drug Exposure. Exposure to NMDA (Sigma Chemical Co.) either alone or in the presence of other compounds was carried out for 5 min at room temperature in a HEPES-buffered salt solution containing 120 mM NaCl, 5.4 mM KCl, 0.8 mM MgCl2, 1.8 mM CaCl2, 20 mM HEPES, 15 mM glucose, and 0.01 mM glycine (pH ...
Concentration Dependent Different Action of Tamoxifen on
Concentration Dependent Different Action of Tamoxifen on

... TAM and derivatives have been shown to protect biological membranes, and membrane-model systems such as liposomes, against free radical mediated lipid peroxidation. Observation of this protective action of TAM and its derivatives can be attributed to molecular modulation of the membrane environment ...
Diversity of Protists
Diversity of Protists

... A colony is a loose association of independent cells A Volvox colony: A hollow sphere Thousands of cells arranged in a single layer surrounding a watery interior Each cell of colony resembles a Chlamydomonas cell Flagella beat in a coordinated fashion Some cells are specialized for reproduction ...
Effects of Organic Cations on the Gram-negative Cell
Effects of Organic Cations on the Gram-negative Cell

... buffer at pH 8 as to perinit conversion of the cell by lysozyme to osmotically fragile rods (Voss, 1964) or ‘osmoplasts’ (Asbell & Eagon, 1966a). In studies on Escherichia coli modified by treatment with EDTA and tris buffer, it was observed that such organisms may be killed by treatment with zwitte ...
Sarcoma of the Pulmonary Artery with Metastases to Pancreas and
Sarcoma of the Pulmonary Artery with Metastases to Pancreas and

... the pulmonary valves and produced pulmonary Incompetence. This, along with the obstruction of the pulmonary arterial tree due to tumor invasion as well as thrombosis, resulted in progressive congestive heart failure. There were metastases In both the adrenal glands and pancreas, which have not been ...
(pdf-file 1,2 Mb)
(pdf-file 1,2 Mb)

... were dissociated, and Ltv1, Enp1 and Rps3 were again eluted together (Fig. 1c). To show more directly that Ltv1 and Enp1 form a salt-resistant complex with Rps3, Ltv1-TAP was affinity-purified under different salt conditions. After purification in 100 mM MgCl2 or 300 mM NaCl (Fig. 1d), most non-ribo ...
Role of Phospholipase D in the cAMP Signal Transduction Pathway
Role of Phospholipase D in the cAMP Signal Transduction Pathway

... chain gene and downregulate the endothelin 1 gene (Resnick et al., 1993; Malek et al., 1993). On the other hand, induction of c-los by cardiac myocytes subjected to mechanical stretch was reported to occur primarily through the serum response element (Sadoshima and Izumo, 1993). Most experiments on ...
Mechanosensitive Channels:
Mechanosensitive Channels:

... Unlike Eucharea, prokarea and archea are not readily able to control their environment. Thus, single cells organisms must develop way to quickly and effectively react to changes to their surroundings. Besides such things as nutrient supply, pH, light and/or temperature, they must be able to react to ...
ErbB2/HER2: Its Contribution to Basic Cancer Biology and the
ErbB2/HER2: Its Contribution to Basic Cancer Biology and the

... the ErbB receptor family and is deregulated in various types of human cancer. In the second decade, one significant discovery came from the crystallography with the rational theory that explains why no ligands specific for ErbB2 have been identified so far, and the other breakthrough came from the c ...
Comparison of fermentation rates of a wild-type and
Comparison of fermentation rates of a wild-type and

... of 0.6413 was reported (p-value not ≤ 0.05). Our prediction, the pattern of ethanol production being the same for both wild-type and mutant strains, is supported by our results. Figure 4 shows the ethanol concentrations per cell of both the wild-type and mutant strains continuing to increase throug ...
Neurotrophins: the biological paradox of survival factors
Neurotrophins: the biological paradox of survival factors

... apoptotic death that could be blocked by anti-p75 antibodies. Apoptosis can be detected by fluorescent TUNEL labeling and DNA fragmentation. Although provocative, the idea that neurotrophins act as potential death-inducing agents is not original, since several in vivo studies had previously indicate ...
The Transplantation Operation and Its Surgical
The Transplantation Operation and Its Surgical

... contralateral side to ensure the renal pelvis and ureter are anterior in case those future surgeries are required (John, 2002). Afterward, it is stated that the more important consideration is to avoid sites of previous transplants, other operations, or peritoneal dialysis catheters though the disse ...
Human Dendritic Cell Subsets In Vivo Colony
Human Dendritic Cell Subsets In Vivo Colony

... G-CSF are well-known. For example, GM-CSF has been used as an effective vaccine adjuvant for protein- and peptide-based vaccines (15, 16). G-CSF, despite mobilizing large numbers of mononuclear cells, does not increase the severity of acute graft-versushost disease after allogeneic bone marrow trans ...
A Comparison of the Oxidation of Clozapine and Olanzapine to
A Comparison of the Oxidation of Clozapine and Olanzapine to

... H2O2. In the final 1.2-ml volume, the concentration of drug was 0, 0.2, 2, or 20 mM, and the H2O2 concentration ranged from 0 to 10 mM. After initiation of the reaction by one of the protocols outlined above, cells were incubated at 37° for 2 hr in a shaking water bath. At the end of this period, th ...
Localisation of the Ki-67 antigen within the nucleolus
Localisation of the Ki-67 antigen within the nucleolus

... cells displaying pattern type I staining. By three hours after release, the percentage of Ki-67 positive cells (type I) reaches a maximum value of about 60% which persists for a further 3 hours, then levels decline to about 5% by 9 hours following release. At 12 hours following release, we observe a ...
Differential Effects of Rapamycin on Mammalian Target of
Differential Effects of Rapamycin on Mammalian Target of

... day until colonies were visible to the naked eye. Colonies were stained with plating 50,000 cells/ml in the presence or absence of 20 nM rapamycin and crystal violet (0.1% in 20% methanol). FL5.12 cells were maintained in RPMI measuring cell number at 24-h intervals with a Coulter Z2 particle analyz ...
AP Biology
AP Biology

... The Advanced Placement Biology course is a rigorous course for those students who have a background, ability and motivation to take a first-year college biology course. The syllabus is outlined in the CEEB Advanced Placement Course Description Booklet. In-depth studies and experimentation will prepa ...
The Crabtree Effect: A Review
The Crabtree Effect: A Review

... presence of glucose, but not endogenously, thus partially releasing the Crabtree effect. Seelich and Letnansky (86) claim that IAA releases the Crabtree effect only in the presence of phosphate. However, El'tsina and Seitz (81) obtained a release of inhibition in bicarbonate buffer, whereas other wo ...
Structure and function of the cardiovascular system
Structure and function of the cardiovascular system

... into the aorta and on to the rest of the body. The volume of blood pumped into the arteries with each beat is quite large. The artery walls are elastic so they can expand with each heartbeat to accommodate this volume. When you take your heart rate, you are recording the number of beats of the Brach ...
Designing optimal stimuli to control neuronal spike timing
Designing optimal stimuli to control neuronal spike timing

... how a certain laser light interacts with the ion channels in a neuron and thus affects its membrane potential and spiking activity. Ours is the reverse question: how to find the best photo-stimulation pattern (best modulation of laser intensity with time) that according to our model will result in t ...
Regulation of Chlamydomonas flagella and ependymal cell motile
Regulation of Chlamydomonas flagella and ependymal cell motile

... small population of cells (<20%) did not show significant flagella pathway, and Chlamydomonas expressed sequence–tagged (EST) shortening. The inhibitory effect of myriocin on cilium length and clones, we found that Chlamydomonas expresses mRNAs for the motility was reversible, since myriocin-treated ...
Structure and function of the cardiovascular system
Structure and function of the cardiovascular system

... on the body, using a fingertip and not a thumb. A quick method of calculating your heart rate is to take it for 10 seconds, then multiply that number by six to find the beats per minute. Figure 6.6 shows the location of the major pulse sites on the body. These may also be emergency pressure-control ...
Evolutionary Convergence and Shared Computational Principles in
Evolutionary Convergence and Shared Computational Principles in

... particular interest are the voltage sensitive K+ conductances. The importance of these conductances in sculpting the response properties of auditory neurons was first demonstrated by Manis and Marx [1991] who showed that differences in the electrical responses of bushy cells and stellate cells in th ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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