Signaling networks that regulate muscle development: Lessons from
... to convergence extension movements. (c) Slow muscle precursors are specified by signaling from the notochord. Magenta indicates the location of adaxial cells, precursors of muscle pioneer and other slow muscle cells. Green indicates the location of fast muscle precursors. Upper panel shows the dorsa ...
... to convergence extension movements. (c) Slow muscle precursors are specified by signaling from the notochord. Magenta indicates the location of adaxial cells, precursors of muscle pioneer and other slow muscle cells. Green indicates the location of fast muscle precursors. Upper panel shows the dorsa ...
Sphaerotilus natans encrusted with nanoballshaped Fe(III) oxide
... for 12 h. The grid was washed with PBS for 10 min and immersed into a dehydration dilution series of distilled water. The prepared samples for SEM analyses were coated with a thin layer of Au/Pd [90/10% (w/w)]. The coating thickness was c. 10 nm. For TEM analyses, 10 lL of the samples fixed with 3% ...
... for 12 h. The grid was washed with PBS for 10 min and immersed into a dehydration dilution series of distilled water. The prepared samples for SEM analyses were coated with a thin layer of Au/Pd [90/10% (w/w)]. The coating thickness was c. 10 nm. For TEM analyses, 10 lL of the samples fixed with 3% ...
Regulation of the subcellular distribution of key cellular RNA
... et al., 2009). Our previous data demonstrated that the abundance of hypo-phosphorylated ASF/SF2 increases very early during HCMV infection (Adair et al., 2004). We therefore hypothesized that HCMV infection regulates the subcellular distribution of SRPK1. To test this hypothesis, we examined SRPK1 l ...
... et al., 2009). Our previous data demonstrated that the abundance of hypo-phosphorylated ASF/SF2 increases very early during HCMV infection (Adair et al., 2004). We therefore hypothesized that HCMV infection regulates the subcellular distribution of SRPK1. To test this hypothesis, we examined SRPK1 l ...
Genetic Models of Mechanotransduction: The
... MscS and MscM are two additional mechanically gated channels in E. coli that show different pressure sensitivity, with MscM appearing less frequent in bacterial cells, compared with MscL and MscS, which are typically found in excess. MscS is relatively nonselective, displaying a slight preference fo ...
... MscS and MscM are two additional mechanically gated channels in E. coli that show different pressure sensitivity, with MscM appearing less frequent in bacterial cells, compared with MscL and MscS, which are typically found in excess. MscS is relatively nonselective, displaying a slight preference fo ...
Lysosomes in iron metabolism, ageing and apoptosis
... intracellular organisms that have invaded, although some pathogens have evolved mechanisms to prevent their destruction. Mutated lysosomal enzymes are the underlying cause of a number of lysosomal storage diseases involving the accumulation of materials that would be the substrate for the correspond ...
... intracellular organisms that have invaded, although some pathogens have evolved mechanisms to prevent their destruction. Mutated lysosomal enzymes are the underlying cause of a number of lysosomal storage diseases involving the accumulation of materials that would be the substrate for the correspond ...
Some Basic Definitions for Gross Anatomy in Domestic
... has been the virtual elimination of the words anterior and posterior. Anterior, in human anatomy, means toward the front of the body (where the mammary glands are in males and females), and posterior means toward the back of the body (where you can feel your backbone). In quadruped animals, the area ...
... has been the virtual elimination of the words anterior and posterior. Anterior, in human anatomy, means toward the front of the body (where the mammary glands are in males and females), and posterior means toward the back of the body (where you can feel your backbone). In quadruped animals, the area ...
Plasma membrane microdomains from hybrid aspen cells are
... heterogeneous populations of rafts that reflect different functions [8]. Owing to their specific lipid composition and inherent physical properties, lipid rafts are typically isolated by exploiting their resistance to solubilisation by Triton X-100 at 4°C [9]. The resulting detergent-resistant membr ...
... heterogeneous populations of rafts that reflect different functions [8]. Owing to their specific lipid composition and inherent physical properties, lipid rafts are typically isolated by exploiting their resistance to solubilisation by Triton X-100 at 4°C [9]. The resulting detergent-resistant membr ...
BIOLOGY - Sakshieducation.com
... classes. Von Helmont and other scientists believed that plants get their food material not only from soil but also from other sources. • Can you think of some raw materials needed for photosynthesis? • What could be the end products of the process of photosynthesis? Let us study the process of photo ...
... classes. Von Helmont and other scientists believed that plants get their food material not only from soil but also from other sources. • Can you think of some raw materials needed for photosynthesis? • What could be the end products of the process of photosynthesis? Let us study the process of photo ...
“Ultrathin” DSAEK Tissue Prepared With a Low–Pulse Energy, High
... with subjective grading of the resulting central bed falling between smooth and rough, at an average score of 2.6. This was similar to that found in previous studies (average score of 2.8) when cutting less deep (400 mm) within the stroma with a 60-kHz laser.11 As noted previously, this irregular-re ...
... with subjective grading of the resulting central bed falling between smooth and rough, at an average score of 2.6. This was similar to that found in previous studies (average score of 2.8) when cutting less deep (400 mm) within the stroma with a 60-kHz laser.11 As noted previously, this irregular-re ...
assembly and enlargement of the primary cell wall in plants
... enzymatic machinery for synthesis of cellulose and related wall polysaccharides (Carpita et al 1996). Glycosyltransferases of this type are likely to have two active sites for transferring glycosyl residues from their nucleotide donors to the nascent polymer acceptor (Saxena et al 1995), an arrangem ...
... enzymatic machinery for synthesis of cellulose and related wall polysaccharides (Carpita et al 1996). Glycosyltransferases of this type are likely to have two active sites for transferring glycosyl residues from their nucleotide donors to the nascent polymer acceptor (Saxena et al 1995), an arrangem ...
BCL-6 Negatively Regulates Expression of the NF- p50 Subunit B1 p105/
... activation of STAT1, STAT3, the MAPK, and the PI3K/AKT pathways (23–26). Although NF-B function has not been directly studied in this process, its involvement is highly likely because there is strong evidence that an activated AKT pathway can trigger NF-B via IKK-dependent and IKK-independent mech ...
... activation of STAT1, STAT3, the MAPK, and the PI3K/AKT pathways (23–26). Although NF-B function has not been directly studied in this process, its involvement is highly likely because there is strong evidence that an activated AKT pathway can trigger NF-B via IKK-dependent and IKK-independent mech ...
Support and Movement
... "walls" of hollow organs and elsewhere like the bladder and abdominal cavity, the uterus, male and female reproductive tracts, the gastrointestinal tract, and the respiratory tract. ...
... "walls" of hollow organs and elsewhere like the bladder and abdominal cavity, the uterus, male and female reproductive tracts, the gastrointestinal tract, and the respiratory tract. ...
Deciphering the molecular functions of sterols in cellulose
... As for many integral membrane complexes, biochemical analysis of cellulose synthase has proven to be a major challenge. The enzyme complex is highly unstable, and PM extractions typically result in loss of cellulose synthase activity (Delmer, 1999; Bessueille and Bulone, 2008). In vitro synthesis of ...
... As for many integral membrane complexes, biochemical analysis of cellulose synthase has proven to be a major challenge. The enzyme complex is highly unstable, and PM extractions typically result in loss of cellulose synthase activity (Delmer, 1999; Bessueille and Bulone, 2008). In vitro synthesis of ...
Calcium Activation of ERK Mediated by Calmodulin Kinase I
... complex cascade of protein kinases terminating in activation of the MAP kinase family including the ERKs (17–20). The response of the ERK pathway to various stimuli can be cell type-specific and/or -dependent on regulation of different subcellular pools of small G proteins (17, 18, 21). Some of thes ...
... complex cascade of protein kinases terminating in activation of the MAP kinase family including the ERKs (17–20). The response of the ERK pathway to various stimuli can be cell type-specific and/or -dependent on regulation of different subcellular pools of small G proteins (17, 18, 21). Some of thes ...
Kratsch, H.A . and R.R. Wise. 2000. The ultrastructure of chilling stress. Plant, Cell Environment 23: 337-350.
... Figure 1. Symptoms of chilling injury in chloroplasts. Figure 1a, spinach (Spinacia oleracea, cv. Bloomsdale) chloroplast from a plant grown under permissive conditions (6 weeks of 12 h days at 300 mmol photons m2 s-1 23 °C and 12 h nights 21 °C) showing well developed grana and a single, large star ...
... Figure 1. Symptoms of chilling injury in chloroplasts. Figure 1a, spinach (Spinacia oleracea, cv. Bloomsdale) chloroplast from a plant grown under permissive conditions (6 weeks of 12 h days at 300 mmol photons m2 s-1 23 °C and 12 h nights 21 °C) showing well developed grana and a single, large star ...
The ultrastructure of chilling stress
... Figure 1. Symptoms of chilling injury in chloroplasts. Figure 1a, spinach (Spinacia oleracea, cv. Bloomsdale) chloroplast from a plant grown under permissive conditions (6 weeks of 12 h days at 300 mmol photons m2 s-1 23 °C and 12 h nights 21 °C) showing well developed grana and a single, large star ...
... Figure 1. Symptoms of chilling injury in chloroplasts. Figure 1a, spinach (Spinacia oleracea, cv. Bloomsdale) chloroplast from a plant grown under permissive conditions (6 weeks of 12 h days at 300 mmol photons m2 s-1 23 °C and 12 h nights 21 °C) showing well developed grana and a single, large star ...
Plasma Membrane Ghosts Form Differently When Produced from
... and were generally larger and more irregular in shape than the type I ghosts (Fig. 3, 4). In the absence of taxol pretreatments, cortical actin occurred in concentric arcs (Fig. 3A) but there were no microtubules (Fig. 3C). Pretreatment with taxol did not result in the modification of the actin patt ...
... and were generally larger and more irregular in shape than the type I ghosts (Fig. 3, 4). In the absence of taxol pretreatments, cortical actin occurred in concentric arcs (Fig. 3A) but there were no microtubules (Fig. 3C). Pretreatment with taxol did not result in the modification of the actin patt ...
Germ Cell Speci fi cation - Molecular Biology and Genetics
... induction by extracellular signals and induction by germ plasm, a specialized cytoplasm inherited from the oocyte (Seydoux and Braun 2006). In this section, we describe evidence for each of these mechanisms acting in C. elegans. ...
... induction by extracellular signals and induction by germ plasm, a specialized cytoplasm inherited from the oocyte (Seydoux and Braun 2006). In this section, we describe evidence for each of these mechanisms acting in C. elegans. ...
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... becoming longer at the post-involution side and tipping over in the process (Fig. 4I; supplementary material Movie 5). The eventual long axis projects onto an oblique initial position, and explant deformation can be explained by a movement of cells towards this axis (Fig. 4J), by a shear movement ob ...
... becoming longer at the post-involution side and tipping over in the process (Fig. 4I; supplementary material Movie 5). The eventual long axis projects onto an oblique initial position, and explant deformation can be explained by a movement of cells towards this axis (Fig. 4J), by a shear movement ob ...
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll)
... CLL - diagnostic criteria 1) A peripheral blood lymphocyte count of greater than 5 G/L, with less than 55% of the cells being atypical 2) The cell should have the presence of Bcellspecific differentiation antigens (CD19, CD20, and CD24) and be CD5(+) 3) A bone marrow aspirates showing greater than ...
... CLL - diagnostic criteria 1) A peripheral blood lymphocyte count of greater than 5 G/L, with less than 55% of the cells being atypical 2) The cell should have the presence of Bcellspecific differentiation antigens (CD19, CD20, and CD24) and be CD5(+) 3) A bone marrow aspirates showing greater than ...
effects of disease-causing mutations associated with five
... Due to the relationship between BEST1 and retinal disease, a lot of interest has been garnered in the structure and function of Best1. Best1 is a 68 kDa, 585 amino acid integral membrane protein that, within the eye, is exclusively localized to the basolateral plasma membrane of the RPE [5]. Althoug ...
... Due to the relationship between BEST1 and retinal disease, a lot of interest has been garnered in the structure and function of Best1. Best1 is a 68 kDa, 585 amino acid integral membrane protein that, within the eye, is exclusively localized to the basolateral plasma membrane of the RPE [5]. Althoug ...
PKC in limb development
... that RACK1 binds and stabilizes activated PKC (Ron et al., 1994; Rotenberg and Sun, 1998). RACK1 has particularly high affinity for PKCα and PKCβ; therefore, we examined by immunohistochemistry whether the activated form of PKC was also expressed in RACK1-positive tissues. RACK1 was detected using a ...
... that RACK1 binds and stabilizes activated PKC (Ron et al., 1994; Rotenberg and Sun, 1998). RACK1 has particularly high affinity for PKCα and PKCβ; therefore, we examined by immunohistochemistry whether the activated form of PKC was also expressed in RACK1-positive tissues. RACK1 was detected using a ...
TEAD4 establishes the energy homeostasis essential for blastocoel
... blastocoel, which absolutely requires a functional TE (Watson and Barcroft, 2001) (supplementary material Fig. S1). Thus, TE specification is essential for blastocoel formation. Morula-toblastocyst transition is accompanied by a major transition in metabolic energy pathways related to blastocoel for ...
... blastocoel, which absolutely requires a functional TE (Watson and Barcroft, 2001) (supplementary material Fig. S1). Thus, TE specification is essential for blastocoel formation. Morula-toblastocyst transition is accompanied by a major transition in metabolic energy pathways related to blastocoel for ...
Staphylococcus aureus Complement-Independent Phagocytosis of
... innate immune system and induces the release of inflammatory molecules (22). However, because of the challenges involved in purifying components of the bacterial cell wall from a complex mixture, the ligands for many host PRRs have not been identified. In addition, the diversity of molecular and str ...
... innate immune system and induces the release of inflammatory molecules (22). However, because of the challenges involved in purifying components of the bacterial cell wall from a complex mixture, the ligands for many host PRRs have not been identified. In addition, the diversity of molecular and str ...
Reduce Formation of SLP-76 Linker of Activated T Cells and SLP
... profiles, including induced expression of the T cell survival cytokine IL-2 (2). Early TCR signaling events are commonly studied in the context of the IS. However, at these cell contacts, signaling events can only be analyzed with limited optical and temporal resolution. Surfacemediated TCR stimulat ...
... profiles, including induced expression of the T cell survival cytokine IL-2 (2). Early TCR signaling events are commonly studied in the context of the IS. However, at these cell contacts, signaling events can only be analyzed with limited optical and temporal resolution. Surfacemediated TCR stimulat ...