PKC in limb development
... that RACK1 binds and stabilizes activated PKC (Ron et al., 1994; Rotenberg and Sun, 1998). RACK1 has particularly high affinity for PKCα and PKCβ; therefore, we examined by immunohistochemistry whether the activated form of PKC was also expressed in RACK1-positive tissues. RACK1 was detected using a ...
... that RACK1 binds and stabilizes activated PKC (Ron et al., 1994; Rotenberg and Sun, 1998). RACK1 has particularly high affinity for PKCα and PKCβ; therefore, we examined by immunohistochemistry whether the activated form of PKC was also expressed in RACK1-positive tissues. RACK1 was detected using a ...
Target Selection for Saccadic Eye Movements
... evidence in favor of this interpretation. For example, prelude activity might simply reflect preparation for a saccade to a target selected by processes elsewhere in the brain. We have demonstrated previously that prelude activity of some SC neurons “predicts” choices made in a directiondiscriminati ...
... evidence in favor of this interpretation. For example, prelude activity might simply reflect preparation for a saccade to a target selected by processes elsewhere in the brain. We have demonstrated previously that prelude activity of some SC neurons “predicts” choices made in a directiondiscriminati ...
Evidence for Lymphatics in the Developing and
... been shown to be between 4 and 10 nm in diameter.1 In our study the anchoring filaments identified using TEM ultrastructural criteria were on average 6 nm in diameter, making our anchoring filament structure consistent with the conclusion that they contain fibrillin. They extend to the surrounding c ...
... been shown to be between 4 and 10 nm in diameter.1 In our study the anchoring filaments identified using TEM ultrastructural criteria were on average 6 nm in diameter, making our anchoring filament structure consistent with the conclusion that they contain fibrillin. They extend to the surrounding c ...
Chara Myosin and the Energy of Cytoplasmic Streaming
... cannot stop all myosin molecules at once. If one myosin molecule stops moving due to the glutaraldehyde fixation, it will disturb other myosin molecules following the same actin track. This small stack will affect the movement of myosin molecules on the next actin filament in the same cable. An intr ...
... cannot stop all myosin molecules at once. If one myosin molecule stops moving due to the glutaraldehyde fixation, it will disturb other myosin molecules following the same actin track. This small stack will affect the movement of myosin molecules on the next actin filament in the same cable. An intr ...
The Effect of Chemical Treatments of Albumin and Orosomucoid on
... given tissue and thus correct the observed tissue content for the effects of digestion. Even in studies with perfused organs the differential blood supply to individual cells precludes quantitative inferences about the endocytic potential of a particular type of cell being made from the rate of the ...
... given tissue and thus correct the observed tissue content for the effects of digestion. Even in studies with perfused organs the differential blood supply to individual cells precludes quantitative inferences about the endocytic potential of a particular type of cell being made from the rate of the ...
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids
... Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are substances used to promote cell growth and division which results in the growth of several types of tissue, especially muscle and bone. These steroids have varying combinations of androgenic and anabolic properties. Anabolic steroids can offer potential gain ...
... Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are substances used to promote cell growth and division which results in the growth of several types of tissue, especially muscle and bone. These steroids have varying combinations of androgenic and anabolic properties. Anabolic steroids can offer potential gain ...
Blood Vessel Patterning at the Embryonic Midline
... 1918; Evans, 1909; Sabin, 1917, 1920). Yet until very recently, developmental blood vessel formation has been understudied relative to other developmental processes such as limb formation and neural development. This was partially due to the ubiquitous presence of blood vessels in almost all tissues ...
... 1918; Evans, 1909; Sabin, 1917, 1920). Yet until very recently, developmental blood vessel formation has been understudied relative to other developmental processes such as limb formation and neural development. This was partially due to the ubiquitous presence of blood vessels in almost all tissues ...
Intraflagellar transport molecules in ciliary and nonciliary cells of the
... raised to murine IFT proteins (Pazour et al., 2002; Baker et al., 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal prot ...
... raised to murine IFT proteins (Pazour et al., 2002; Baker et al., 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal prot ...
Novel Insights into Vacuole-mediated Control of Plant Growth and
... inter-connected, thereby forming the endomembrane system. The endomembrane system is crucial for the exchange and transport of materials such as proteins and lipids within cells, and generally includes the plasma membrane, the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the nuclear envelope, en ...
... inter-connected, thereby forming the endomembrane system. The endomembrane system is crucial for the exchange and transport of materials such as proteins and lipids within cells, and generally includes the plasma membrane, the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the nuclear envelope, en ...
Nutrients and growth factors in mTORC1 activation
... activation of mTORC1. Upon nutrient sufficiency, the Rag GTPases interact with and recruit mTORC1 to the outer lysosomal surface, where the Rag and Rheb GTPases reside [4,8], allowing mTORC1 kinase activation by the latter. This mechanistic insight explains why both nutrient and growth factor inputs ...
... activation of mTORC1. Upon nutrient sufficiency, the Rag GTPases interact with and recruit mTORC1 to the outer lysosomal surface, where the Rag and Rheb GTPases reside [4,8], allowing mTORC1 kinase activation by the latter. This mechanistic insight explains why both nutrient and growth factor inputs ...
The paroxysm of Plasmodium vivax malaria
... The paroxysms of Plasmodium vivax malaria are antiparasite responses that, although distressing to the human host, almost never impart serious acute pathology. Using plasma and blood cells from P. vivax patients, the cellular and noncellular mediators of these events have been studied ex vivo. The h ...
... The paroxysms of Plasmodium vivax malaria are antiparasite responses that, although distressing to the human host, almost never impart serious acute pathology. Using plasma and blood cells from P. vivax patients, the cellular and noncellular mediators of these events have been studied ex vivo. The h ...
μMACS™ mRNA Isolation Kits
... In addition, μMACS RNA Isolation is a very sensitive method enabling detection of rare transcripts and gene expression analysis from small biological samples. For subsequent cDNA synthesis, a reverse transcription can be performed in the μ Column. The μMACS One-step cDNA Kit combines direct mRNA iso ...
... In addition, μMACS RNA Isolation is a very sensitive method enabling detection of rare transcripts and gene expression analysis from small biological samples. For subsequent cDNA synthesis, a reverse transcription can be performed in the μ Column. The μMACS One-step cDNA Kit combines direct mRNA iso ...
plantcell.org
... After excision of the maize QC and root cap, the damaged root is capable of regenerating an intact root tip with a new QC (Feldman, 1976). To begin to understand how radial patterning occurs during regeneration of the maize root tip, we made two types of excisions and used ZmSCR expression as a mark ...
... After excision of the maize QC and root cap, the damaged root is capable of regenerating an intact root tip with a new QC (Feldman, 1976). To begin to understand how radial patterning occurs during regeneration of the maize root tip, we made two types of excisions and used ZmSCR expression as a mark ...
Two Cortical Circuits Control Propagating Waves in Visual Cortex
... The functional roles of the feedforward and feedback pathways in controlling the formation and propagation of cortical waves were examined in this study. The maximal conductances of the glutaminergic and GABAergic synapses formed by each type of cell in our large-scale model were varied systematical ...
... The functional roles of the feedforward and feedback pathways in controlling the formation and propagation of cortical waves were examined in this study. The maximal conductances of the glutaminergic and GABAergic synapses formed by each type of cell in our large-scale model were varied systematical ...
Cytokinesis defines a spatial landmark for hepatocyte polarization
... divided by the contractile actomyosin ring and partitioned into the daughter cells. This suggestion is further supported by our observation that the circle of tight junctions that surround the mother bile canaliculus was also pulled inwards at the division site (Fig. 3D), presumably by the same cont ...
... divided by the contractile actomyosin ring and partitioned into the daughter cells. This suggestion is further supported by our observation that the circle of tight junctions that surround the mother bile canaliculus was also pulled inwards at the division site (Fig. 3D), presumably by the same cont ...
Adaptative Response of Vitis Root to Anoxia
... ATP by anaerobic glycolysis, a process that yields 2–3 mol ATP mol–1 glucose. This should be compared with a yield of approximately 24–36 mol ATP mol–1 glucose during aerobic oxidative phosphorylation (Gibbs and Greenway 2003). Since during anoxia every molecule of glucose yields less than onetenth ...
... ATP by anaerobic glycolysis, a process that yields 2–3 mol ATP mol–1 glucose. This should be compared with a yield of approximately 24–36 mol ATP mol–1 glucose during aerobic oxidative phosphorylation (Gibbs and Greenway 2003). Since during anoxia every molecule of glucose yields less than onetenth ...
Craniofacial Development and the Evolution of the Vertebrates: the
... genes, including the Hox and Dlx genes, and the inductive signaling pathways that lead to the differentiation of specific cell populations. Evolutionary developmental biology (reviewed by Hall, 1998; Hall and Olson, 2003) has undoubtedly been influenced by this movement since the end of the last cen ...
... genes, including the Hox and Dlx genes, and the inductive signaling pathways that lead to the differentiation of specific cell populations. Evolutionary developmental biology (reviewed by Hall, 1998; Hall and Olson, 2003) has undoubtedly been influenced by this movement since the end of the last cen ...
Molecular Microbioiogy
... rhicadhesin activity, whereas cell surface preparations isolated from A. tumefaciens wild-type and plasmid-cured cells did. The same results were obtained with inhibition of attachment of R leguminosarum 248. This result indicates that no active rhicadhesin is present at the cell surface of chvS mut ...
... rhicadhesin activity, whereas cell surface preparations isolated from A. tumefaciens wild-type and plasmid-cured cells did. The same results were obtained with inhibition of attachment of R leguminosarum 248. This result indicates that no active rhicadhesin is present at the cell surface of chvS mut ...
a gene required for dorsoventrality of leaves in
... The boundary between these regions of ectopic ventral epidermis and the surrounding dorsal epidermis forms a ridge in an axis perpendicular to the leaf surface (Fig. 5B). In section, these ridges resemble the edges of a wild-type leaf, containing palisade mesophyll on the side covered by dorsal epid ...
... The boundary between these regions of ectopic ventral epidermis and the surrounding dorsal epidermis forms a ridge in an axis perpendicular to the leaf surface (Fig. 5B). In section, these ridges resemble the edges of a wild-type leaf, containing palisade mesophyll on the side covered by dorsal epid ...
T Cells FOXP3 Target Genes in Natural Regulatory Genome
... appears to require Treg function (8). The ability to monitor and manipulate Tregs may improve diagnosis or therapeutic intervention for autoimmune diseases. To achieve this, sensitive and specific biomarkers are required, but currently, however, there are limited markers available. This genome-wide ...
... appears to require Treg function (8). The ability to monitor and manipulate Tregs may improve diagnosis or therapeutic intervention for autoimmune diseases. To achieve this, sensitive and specific biomarkers are required, but currently, however, there are limited markers available. This genome-wide ...
VEGF - Science Mission
... vessels, facilitating the access of tumor cells into the vessel lumen. b, Aggregates of tumour cells are transported to the regional lymph node, from which they can spread to distant organs through either blood or lymphatic vessels. Blockage of VEGFR-3 signalling inhibits metastasis in most mouse tu ...
... vessels, facilitating the access of tumor cells into the vessel lumen. b, Aggregates of tumour cells are transported to the regional lymph node, from which they can spread to distant organs through either blood or lymphatic vessels. Blockage of VEGFR-3 signalling inhibits metastasis in most mouse tu ...
Hopanoids Play a Role in Membrane Integrity and pH
... Streptomyces coelicolor (44). However, these studies did not utilize a genetic approach or in vivo experiments to conclusively elucidate the role of hopanoids in membrane structure and stability. Thus, the extent to which they are sterol surrogates remains an open question. While understanding the f ...
... Streptomyces coelicolor (44). However, these studies did not utilize a genetic approach or in vivo experiments to conclusively elucidate the role of hopanoids in membrane structure and stability. Thus, the extent to which they are sterol surrogates remains an open question. While understanding the f ...
COMMUNICATION Two categories of mammalian galactose
... Finally, projection of glycans on a polypeptide core in the form of O-linked glycopeptides enhances binding. For example, binding of glycan 50, presented as an O-linked glycopeptide, is enhanced compared to the binding of glycan 119, the same oligosaccharide presented on a short spacer arm. The O-li ...
... Finally, projection of glycans on a polypeptide core in the form of O-linked glycopeptides enhances binding. For example, binding of glycan 50, presented as an O-linked glycopeptide, is enhanced compared to the binding of glycan 119, the same oligosaccharide presented on a short spacer arm. The O-li ...
The Arabidopsis homeotic genes APETALA3 and PISTILLATA are
... generated by crossing plants containing the p35S-AP3 construct (Jack et al., 1994) to p35S-PI plants. Flowers of these plants (p35S-PI p35S-AP3) have two outer whorls of petals and inner whorls of stamens (Figs 1C, 2E, compare with wild type, Figs 1A, 2A). These first and fourth whorl transformation ...
... generated by crossing plants containing the p35S-AP3 construct (Jack et al., 1994) to p35S-PI plants. Flowers of these plants (p35S-PI p35S-AP3) have two outer whorls of petals and inner whorls of stamens (Figs 1C, 2E, compare with wild type, Figs 1A, 2A). These first and fourth whorl transformation ...