Electroporation into the Limb: Beyond Misexpression
... elongation factor promoter exhibits a similar strength in the chick limb bud (Suzuki et al., unpubl. data, 2008). Third, electroporated transgenes are transcribed immediately and expressed as proteins within 3 h. When the RCAS system is used, it takes 20 h for any significant expression of transgene ...
... elongation factor promoter exhibits a similar strength in the chick limb bud (Suzuki et al., unpubl. data, 2008). Third, electroporated transgenes are transcribed immediately and expressed as proteins within 3 h. When the RCAS system is used, it takes 20 h for any significant expression of transgene ...
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... branching. Specifically, we chose to carry out RNAi screens to identify genes that regulate the branching of PVD neuron dendrites in C. elegans. PVD neurons are bilaterally symmetric nociceptors that respond to harsh mechanical stimuli and cold temperatures (Chatzigeorgiou et al., 2010; Way and Chal ...
... branching. Specifically, we chose to carry out RNAi screens to identify genes that regulate the branching of PVD neuron dendrites in C. elegans. PVD neurons are bilaterally symmetric nociceptors that respond to harsh mechanical stimuli and cold temperatures (Chatzigeorgiou et al., 2010; Way and Chal ...
Undergraduate Handbook - Biological Sciences
... can be from science or nonscience courses. The maximum number of points at 100-level is 135, at least 225 points must be above 100-level, of which at least 90 must be at 300-level, 60 of them in a single subject (BIOL) – this is your major. Students can take more than 225 points above 100-level and ...
... can be from science or nonscience courses. The maximum number of points at 100-level is 135, at least 225 points must be above 100-level, of which at least 90 must be at 300-level, 60 of them in a single subject (BIOL) – this is your major. Students can take more than 225 points above 100-level and ...
Induction of floor plate differentiation by contact
... required for the differentiation of the floor plate and ventral neurons. The ability to induce a floor plate is, however, not restricted to the notochord. Grafts of the floor plate can also induce floor plate cells and motor neurons in vivo (Placzek et al., 1991; Yamada et al., 1991; Ericson et al., ...
... required for the differentiation of the floor plate and ventral neurons. The ability to induce a floor plate is, however, not restricted to the notochord. Grafts of the floor plate can also induce floor plate cells and motor neurons in vivo (Placzek et al., 1991; Yamada et al., 1991; Ericson et al., ...
Stomatal Blue Light Response Is Present in Early
... To distinguish the stomatal response specific to BL from that of RL, we measured stomatal conductance by gas exchange technique using a dual-beam protocol (Ogawa et al., 1978; Assmann et al., 1985; Iino et al., 1985; Shimazaki et al., 1986). The method allows for discrimination of the photosynthesis- ...
... To distinguish the stomatal response specific to BL from that of RL, we measured stomatal conductance by gas exchange technique using a dual-beam protocol (Ogawa et al., 1978; Assmann et al., 1985; Iino et al., 1985; Shimazaki et al., 1986). The method allows for discrimination of the photosynthesis- ...
Regeneration and Phenotype That Promote Muscle Growth IL
... In addition to their capacity to exacerbate muscle damage, macrophages have been implicated in promoting muscle regeneration following acute muscle injuries or during increased muscle loading. For example, genetic ablation of CCR2 or its ligand (CCL2) greatly reduced the numbers of macrophages in mu ...
... In addition to their capacity to exacerbate muscle damage, macrophages have been implicated in promoting muscle regeneration following acute muscle injuries or during increased muscle loading. For example, genetic ablation of CCR2 or its ligand (CCL2) greatly reduced the numbers of macrophages in mu ...
GLUTAMINE CONCENTRATION MAY LIMIT GLUTATHIONE
... Glutathione (GSH) is an ubiquits tripeptide which is composed of glutamine-cysteine-glycine. In general, methionine is the preffered precursor of cysteine in cell culture.It has been indicated that glucagon, adrenaline and phenylephrine inhibit hepatocellular glutathione synthesis in the presence of ...
... Glutathione (GSH) is an ubiquits tripeptide which is composed of glutamine-cysteine-glycine. In general, methionine is the preffered precursor of cysteine in cell culture.It has been indicated that glucagon, adrenaline and phenylephrine inhibit hepatocellular glutathione synthesis in the presence of ...
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... directed at different regions of the mgl transcript, and targeted their expression to different regions of developing animals using the GAL4/UAS system (Brand and Perrimon, 1993). When RNA interference is induced in the developing wing disc, it efficiently depletes Mgl protein (Khaliullina et al., 2 ...
... directed at different regions of the mgl transcript, and targeted their expression to different regions of developing animals using the GAL4/UAS system (Brand and Perrimon, 1993). When RNA interference is induced in the developing wing disc, it efficiently depletes Mgl protein (Khaliullina et al., 2 ...
Ectopic Expression of AINTEGUMENTA in Arabidopsis Plants
... this construct was transformed into wild-type Arabidopsis plants. As shown in Figure 1E–H, 35S::ANT confers persistent ANT expression in developing floral organs. Approximately one-half of the transgenic plants (66 out of 127 plants) produced larger than normal flowers (Fig. 2A). Of the other transf ...
... this construct was transformed into wild-type Arabidopsis plants. As shown in Figure 1E–H, 35S::ANT confers persistent ANT expression in developing floral organs. Approximately one-half of the transgenic plants (66 out of 127 plants) produced larger than normal flowers (Fig. 2A). Of the other transf ...
Platelets Served with - The Journal of Immunology
... http://www.jimmunol.org/content/194/12/5579.full#ref-list-1 Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription ...
... http://www.jimmunol.org/content/194/12/5579.full#ref-list-1 Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription ...
ABA-based chemical signalling: the co-ordination of
... (Wright 1977) including root cells. Leaf cells also synthesize ABA (Cutler & Krochko 1999) and leaf dehydration caused by severe soil water shortages massively increases bulk leaf [ABA], which often correlates well with stomatal closure. If we are to argue that ABA acts as a long-distance chemical s ...
... (Wright 1977) including root cells. Leaf cells also synthesize ABA (Cutler & Krochko 1999) and leaf dehydration caused by severe soil water shortages massively increases bulk leaf [ABA], which often correlates well with stomatal closure. If we are to argue that ABA acts as a long-distance chemical s ...
Glutamate 83 and arginine 85 of helix H3 bend are key residues for
... FtsA and ZipA [1,2]. This event is necessary for the sequential addition of at least twelve other membrane proteins responsible for peptidoglycan assembly and membrane constriction [3]. Inactivation of the corresponding genes blocks the cell division and give rise to long multinucleated cells that f ...
... FtsA and ZipA [1,2]. This event is necessary for the sequential addition of at least twelve other membrane proteins responsible for peptidoglycan assembly and membrane constriction [3]. Inactivation of the corresponding genes blocks the cell division and give rise to long multinucleated cells that f ...
The actin cytoskeleton is a target of the self
... con®guration as those challenged in vitro. It was also examined whether the SI actin response occurs in ungerminated pollen grains. These SI inductions in pollen grains gave a similar, but delayed, actin response to those seen in pollen tubes (Snowman et al., 2002). At 20 min, normal pollen tubes ha ...
... con®guration as those challenged in vitro. It was also examined whether the SI actin response occurs in ungerminated pollen grains. These SI inductions in pollen grains gave a similar, but delayed, actin response to those seen in pollen tubes (Snowman et al., 2002). At 20 min, normal pollen tubes ha ...
Determinants of Action Potential Propagation in Cerebellar Purkinje
... (CS) (Eccles et al., 1967). The individual “spikelets” within the CS can attain extremely high rates (⬎500 Hz) (Eccles et al., 1967). The CF input to the Purkinje cell has been proposed to act as a precise timing signal related to coordination of movement (Welsh and Llinas, 1997). It is therefore es ...
... (CS) (Eccles et al., 1967). The individual “spikelets” within the CS can attain extremely high rates (⬎500 Hz) (Eccles et al., 1967). The CF input to the Purkinje cell has been proposed to act as a precise timing signal related to coordination of movement (Welsh and Llinas, 1997). It is therefore es ...
YEAST STRESS RESPONSES DURING ACCLIMATION FOR
... desired level of sweetness. Originally, these wines were pretty sweet and, as they evolved to become drier than the previous driest level, new names were coined for the new maximum levels of dryness. This is why there are levels such as Brut that are drier than Extra-Dry. The term Natural means that ...
... desired level of sweetness. Originally, these wines were pretty sweet and, as they evolved to become drier than the previous driest level, new names were coined for the new maximum levels of dryness. This is why there are levels such as Brut that are drier than Extra-Dry. The term Natural means that ...
The Role of the Terminal and Subterminal Oxidation
... However, the fatty acid profile of propane-grown cells resembled that of propanoate-growncells in possessing a greater proportion of fatty acids containing odd numbers of carbon atoms than the fatty acid profile of cells grown on acetate, ethane or propan-2-01 (Vestal & Perry, 1971; Perry, 1980). Th ...
... However, the fatty acid profile of propane-grown cells resembled that of propanoate-growncells in possessing a greater proportion of fatty acids containing odd numbers of carbon atoms than the fatty acid profile of cells grown on acetate, ethane or propan-2-01 (Vestal & Perry, 1971; Perry, 1980). Th ...
Supplementary Table 1
... NIH Support- This work was supported in part by an NIH Research Project Grant (GM065997) to R.J.D. Supplementary Discussion for Table S2 Based on our findings with Gcn4, we propose a class of regulatory factors whose activity is required in a reaction, but whose subsequent turnover or removal promot ...
... NIH Support- This work was supported in part by an NIH Research Project Grant (GM065997) to R.J.D. Supplementary Discussion for Table S2 Based on our findings with Gcn4, we propose a class of regulatory factors whose activity is required in a reaction, but whose subsequent turnover or removal promot ...
Intragenic Revertants of Yeast Invertase Variants with Secretion-Defective Leader Sequences.
... Several secretion-defective variants of invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were generated by replacement of the wild-type signal sequence codons with DNA fragments with random sequences. Strains encoding these proteins failed to grow on medium containing sucrose as the sole source of carbon. Th ...
... Several secretion-defective variants of invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were generated by replacement of the wild-type signal sequence codons with DNA fragments with random sequences. Strains encoding these proteins failed to grow on medium containing sucrose as the sole source of carbon. Th ...
Structural features of the vesicle of Frankia sp. CpI1
... by the host cells and laid down around every filament, actinomycete and host cytoplasm as membranes of the sporangium, and vesicle of the invasive organism bacterium, host cell, or encapsulation. (Lalonde and Knowles 1975a, 1975b; Newcomb et al. The enzyme nitrogenase when exposed to molecular 1978) ...
... by the host cells and laid down around every filament, actinomycete and host cytoplasm as membranes of the sporangium, and vesicle of the invasive organism bacterium, host cell, or encapsulation. (Lalonde and Knowles 1975a, 1975b; Newcomb et al. The enzyme nitrogenase when exposed to molecular 1978) ...
Self-amplifying autocrine actions of BDNF in axon development Pei-Lin Cheng , Ai-Hong Song
... he most distinct cellular feature of the neuron is its polarized structure, consisting of a single long axon and many short and highly branched dendrites. This polarized structure is essential for two primary neuronal functions: the reception and integration of synaptic inputs at the dendrite, and t ...
... he most distinct cellular feature of the neuron is its polarized structure, consisting of a single long axon and many short and highly branched dendrites. This polarized structure is essential for two primary neuronal functions: the reception and integration of synaptic inputs at the dendrite, and t ...
Materials and Methods
... AU/ml) was added to a 100 ml culture of S. aureus at the beginning of the lag and mid-exponential growth phases, respectively. Sterile demineralised water (1 ml) was added to the control flask. Changes in the turbidity of the cultures were recorded at 600 nm, and the number of viable cells (cfu/ml) ...
... AU/ml) was added to a 100 ml culture of S. aureus at the beginning of the lag and mid-exponential growth phases, respectively. Sterile demineralised water (1 ml) was added to the control flask. Changes in the turbidity of the cultures were recorded at 600 nm, and the number of viable cells (cfu/ml) ...
Nuclear export signal located within the DNAbinding domain of the
... cell, indicating that cytoplasmic localization was a result of active nuclear export. To locate the functional NES sequence in STAT1 more precisely, smaller fragments containing amino acids 377±413, 392±413 or 424±439 were positioned at the N-terminus of GFP. Both the 377/ 413±GFP and the 392/413±GF ...
... cell, indicating that cytoplasmic localization was a result of active nuclear export. To locate the functional NES sequence in STAT1 more precisely, smaller fragments containing amino acids 377±413, 392±413 or 424±439 were positioned at the N-terminus of GFP. Both the 377/ 413±GFP and the 392/413±GF ...
Vesicles versus Tubes: is ER-Golgi Transport in
... sciences. Indeed, and with few exceptions (e.g. Ito et al., 2014) there are few reviews ...
... sciences. Indeed, and with few exceptions (e.g. Ito et al., 2014) there are few reviews ...
Identification of a Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Determinant in
... 1990). Substantially more information is available regarding the vacuolar localization of API. Genetic studies in our laboratory have isolated a number of mutants that are defective in transporting API to the vacuole (Harding et al., 1995). These cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (cvt) mutants are una ...
... 1990). Substantially more information is available regarding the vacuolar localization of API. Genetic studies in our laboratory have isolated a number of mutants that are defective in transporting API to the vacuole (Harding et al., 1995). These cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (cvt) mutants are una ...