Socioecological adaptations by chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus
... Behavioural flexibility confers important fitness benefits in seasonal, novel or altered environmental situations (Reader & MacDonald 2003; Sol 2003; Sol et al. 2005). However, data on flexibility of animals’ grouping dynamics in anthropogenic habitats are scarce. Wilson et al. (2007) compared the behav ...
... Behavioural flexibility confers important fitness benefits in seasonal, novel or altered environmental situations (Reader & MacDonald 2003; Sol 2003; Sol et al. 2005). However, data on flexibility of animals’ grouping dynamics in anthropogenic habitats are scarce. Wilson et al. (2007) compared the behav ...
Lambden and Johnson 2013 biomass
... An accurate and more detailed understanding of parasite biomass is essential for understanding the flow of energy through ecosystems with additional potential contributions to investigations of the metabolic theory of ecology (Arneberg et al. 1998; George-Nascimento et al. 2004; Hechinger et al. 201 ...
... An accurate and more detailed understanding of parasite biomass is essential for understanding the flow of energy through ecosystems with additional potential contributions to investigations of the metabolic theory of ecology (Arneberg et al. 1998; George-Nascimento et al. 2004; Hechinger et al. 201 ...
patterns of natural selection on size at metamorphosis in water frogs
... growth conditions on postmetamorphic life not accounted for by variation in date of and size at metamorphosis; and, fourth to examine whether individuals can compensate for a small size at metamorphosis by increasing their postmetamorphic growth. To achieve these goals, we studied postmetamorphic su ...
... growth conditions on postmetamorphic life not accounted for by variation in date of and size at metamorphosis; and, fourth to examine whether individuals can compensate for a small size at metamorphosis by increasing their postmetamorphic growth. To achieve these goals, we studied postmetamorphic su ...
The road toward sympatric speciation in whitefish.
... For almost every organism there are large gaps in our knowledge about the processes that leads to speciation. The changes an organism undergoes before divergence has occurred have remained a mystery, as it is difficult to say whether or not a species is going to diverge and when. To investigate this ...
... For almost every organism there are large gaps in our knowledge about the processes that leads to speciation. The changes an organism undergoes before divergence has occurred have remained a mystery, as it is difficult to say whether or not a species is going to diverge and when. To investigate this ...
mammalian_toxins
... production in a handful of unique mammal species. • Only a few of the toxins produced have been tested and shown to be similar in structure and function to reptilian forms, but most require further research to characterize the complicated protein structures. ...
... production in a handful of unique mammal species. • Only a few of the toxins produced have been tested and shown to be similar in structure and function to reptilian forms, but most require further research to characterize the complicated protein structures. ...
Trilobites
... Trilobites are hard-shelled, segmented arthropods that existed over 300 million years ago in the Earth's ancient seas. They were extinct before the dinosaurs existed, and are one of the key signature creatures of the Paleozoic Era, the first era to exhibit a proliferation of the complex life-forms t ...
... Trilobites are hard-shelled, segmented arthropods that existed over 300 million years ago in the Earth's ancient seas. They were extinct before the dinosaurs existed, and are one of the key signature creatures of the Paleozoic Era, the first era to exhibit a proliferation of the complex life-forms t ...
Benjamin Frank Moginie - VUW research archive
... territories and no eggs, and both groups grew faster than floaters. These results suggest that accelerated growth rate may mediate the effects of a later hatch date, and that both hatch dates and growth rates influence the success of adult males, likely through proximate effects on individual phenot ...
... territories and no eggs, and both groups grew faster than floaters. These results suggest that accelerated growth rate may mediate the effects of a later hatch date, and that both hatch dates and growth rates influence the success of adult males, likely through proximate effects on individual phenot ...
Are You suprised
... and Duncan 2001; Drake and Lodge 2004; Lockwood et al. 2005, Lockwood et al. 2009); however, few studies have ...
... and Duncan 2001; Drake and Lodge 2004; Lockwood et al. 2005, Lockwood et al. 2009); however, few studies have ...
Importance of biogenic substrates for the stone crab
... utilization of different biogenic substrates by this species in the intertidal zone. Sampling was carried out by hand at Ubatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Crabs were captured among rocks or in association with three different biogenic substrates: Phragmatopoma lapidosa, Sargassum cymosum and Schi ...
... utilization of different biogenic substrates by this species in the intertidal zone. Sampling was carried out by hand at Ubatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Crabs were captured among rocks or in association with three different biogenic substrates: Phragmatopoma lapidosa, Sargassum cymosum and Schi ...
Lecture Notes - Florida International University
... Most NFS breeding is in Alaska and may forage in pelagic waters as far south as Baja A strange observation: remains of NFS extremely common in archeological sites in California. Explanations of NFS abundance in ancient times ...
... Most NFS breeding is in Alaska and may forage in pelagic waters as far south as Baja A strange observation: remains of NFS extremely common in archeological sites in California. Explanations of NFS abundance in ancient times ...
Are there real differences among aquatic and terrestrial food webs?
... water lake trophic cascades combine experimental results In an insightful, but highly provocative, paper, Strong4 and treat variation in the effect as noise (Fig. 1a). This has asked ‘Are trophic cascades all wet?’ A trophic cascade is led to the suggestion that the strong trophic cascade in defined ...
... water lake trophic cascades combine experimental results In an insightful, but highly provocative, paper, Strong4 and treat variation in the effect as noise (Fig. 1a). This has asked ‘Are trophic cascades all wet?’ A trophic cascade is led to the suggestion that the strong trophic cascade in defined ...
Stock Assessment For Napoleon Wrasse_final
... However, both kemedukl and maml population are highly likely to be divided into metapopulations in Palau. The model assumes that the fecundity for a female is the same throughout its life. However, larger females are known to produce more and higher surviving larvae. Therefore, the model does not ...
... However, both kemedukl and maml population are highly likely to be divided into metapopulations in Palau. The model assumes that the fecundity for a female is the same throughout its life. However, larger females are known to produce more and higher surviving larvae. Therefore, the model does not ...
toward a metabolic theory of ecology
... different structural and functional materials that comprise living biomass, have characteristic ratios of the common elements such as H, O, C, N, P, Na, Cl, S, Ca, and K. N is found primarily in proteins; P in nucleic acids, ADP and ATP, phospholipids, and skeletal structure; Na or K in intracellula ...
... different structural and functional materials that comprise living biomass, have characteristic ratios of the common elements such as H, O, C, N, P, Na, Cl, S, Ca, and K. N is found primarily in proteins; P in nucleic acids, ADP and ATP, phospholipids, and skeletal structure; Na or K in intracellula ...
Assessing the role of large herbivores in the
... Duarte 1999). For herbivores using these systems, the distance between feeding areas ...
... Duarte 1999). For herbivores using these systems, the distance between feeding areas ...
Short communication Establishing extinction dates
... (Cheke 2001, 2004, below). The estimated date of an animal’s extinction is normally based on the last date on which it was reliably observed. However, any observation not backed up by specimen or photographic evidence is open to question; this is particularly true of 17th century accounts made, ofte ...
... (Cheke 2001, 2004, below). The estimated date of an animal’s extinction is normally based on the last date on which it was reliably observed. However, any observation not backed up by specimen or photographic evidence is open to question; this is particularly true of 17th century accounts made, ofte ...
Population Dynamics ppt
... Q. What term do ecologists use to describe an animal which kills and eats other animals? An animal which kills and eats another animal for food ...
... Q. What term do ecologists use to describe an animal which kills and eats other animals? An animal which kills and eats another animal for food ...
A comparative study of morphometry in shell
... and is available in abundance in marine environments, but other components, particularly protein, are metabolically costly to produce (Palmer, 1983). Further, possession of large or heavy shells generally means that the speed of movement and manoeuvrability of the animal are restricted to various de ...
... and is available in abundance in marine environments, but other components, particularly protein, are metabolically costly to produce (Palmer, 1983). Further, possession of large or heavy shells generally means that the speed of movement and manoeuvrability of the animal are restricted to various de ...
The role of a water bug, Sigara striata, in freshwater food webs
... of a water bug, Sigara striata, as a potential predator and prey in food webs of stagnant waters. Multiple-choice predation experiment revealed that Sigara, which had been considered mostly herbivorous, also consumed larvae of Chironomus midges. Because they often occur in high densities and are amo ...
... of a water bug, Sigara striata, as a potential predator and prey in food webs of stagnant waters. Multiple-choice predation experiment revealed that Sigara, which had been considered mostly herbivorous, also consumed larvae of Chironomus midges. Because they often occur in high densities and are amo ...
Density Dependence, Evolutionary Optimization, and
... Additionally, in some cases we have failed to evaluate quantitatively ideas that are compelling qualitatively, ignored or explained away relevant empirical data, and neglectedlogical implications of certain compelling ideas. Comparative analysis of avian life histories shows that species are distrib ...
... Additionally, in some cases we have failed to evaluate quantitatively ideas that are compelling qualitatively, ignored or explained away relevant empirical data, and neglectedlogical implications of certain compelling ideas. Comparative analysis of avian life histories shows that species are distrib ...
5 Primate Evolution Chapter
... spread and diversified, mainly in Europe and North America, which were connected at that time. Among primates, the Eocene was the age of prosimians. By the end of the Eocene, the anthropoids had emerged; they eventually displaced the prosimians in most places. In the next epoch, the Oligocene, the N ...
... spread and diversified, mainly in Europe and North America, which were connected at that time. Among primates, the Eocene was the age of prosimians. By the end of the Eocene, the anthropoids had emerged; they eventually displaced the prosimians in most places. In the next epoch, the Oligocene, the N ...
- Wiley Online Library
... architecture. The spatial distribution of grasses over a landscape is determined by the interplay between biotic and abiotic processes, such as soil quality, water, fire, grazing pressure and seed dispersal (Anderson et al. 2007a; Anderson, Ritchie & McNaughton 2007b; Blair 1997; Bond & Keeley 2005). ...
... architecture. The spatial distribution of grasses over a landscape is determined by the interplay between biotic and abiotic processes, such as soil quality, water, fire, grazing pressure and seed dispersal (Anderson et al. 2007a; Anderson, Ritchie & McNaughton 2007b; Blair 1997; Bond & Keeley 2005). ...
(k(:i)logia Patterns of variation in life history among
... structureduring eachmonth. The collectingeffort expended Immature testesappearedas transparentthreadlike or minute lamellar structures in contrast to the smooth, opaque, each month was approximately equal for each site, conmilky-white appearance of mature testes. Fully-mature sisting of three or fou ...
... structureduring eachmonth. The collectingeffort expended Immature testesappearedas transparentthreadlike or minute lamellar structures in contrast to the smooth, opaque, each month was approximately equal for each site, conmilky-white appearance of mature testes. Fully-mature sisting of three or fou ...
Rise of the Earliest Tetrapods: An Early Devonian Origin from
... z-scores given by TreeSAAP are available on request to the corresponding author). Hence different results are possible when the entire protein sequence and individual amino acid sites are analyzed. Out of the 31 amino acid properties available in the software, only 20 were used in the analysis (see ...
... z-scores given by TreeSAAP are available on request to the corresponding author). Hence different results are possible when the entire protein sequence and individual amino acid sites are analyzed. Out of the 31 amino acid properties available in the software, only 20 were used in the analysis (see ...
Natural Selection and Change in Allele Frequency
... on gall fly larvae. This is a female wasp on a green gall getting ready to oviposit her egg into the gall. Her egg will hatch and her larvae will eat the gall fly maggot. ...
... on gall fly larvae. This is a female wasp on a green gall getting ready to oviposit her egg into the gall. Her egg will hatch and her larvae will eat the gall fly maggot. ...
Megafauna
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (Ancient Greek megas ""large"" + New Latin fauna ""animal"") are large or giant animals. The most common thresholds used are 45 kilograms (100 lb) or 100 kilograms (220 lb). This thus includes many species not popularly thought of as overly large, such as white-tailed deer, red kangaroo, and humans.In practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land animals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than modern counterparts considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct as recently as 10,000–40,000 years ago. It is also commonly used for the largest extant wild land animals, especially elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Megafauna may be subcategorized by their trophic position into megaherbivores (e.g., elk), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears).Other common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, any larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope and cattle, as well as numerous dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.The term is also sometimes applied to animals (usually extinct) of great size relative to a more common or surviving type of the animal, for example the 1 m (3 ft) dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.