Mammals
... In addition to having hair and mammary glands, mammals share other characteristics. These include a high metabolic rate, which supports endothermy, specialized teeth and digestive systems, a diaphragm to aid in respiration, a four-chambered heart, and a highly developed brain. Endothermy Mammals are ...
... In addition to having hair and mammary glands, mammals share other characteristics. These include a high metabolic rate, which supports endothermy, specialized teeth and digestive systems, a diaphragm to aid in respiration, a four-chambered heart, and a highly developed brain. Endothermy Mammals are ...
Higher Biology - Kelso High School
... group/pack/team OR means working together in hunting/to get food Advantage, eg larger prey/more successful, less energy used/pursuit time per individual, net gain of energy is greater than by foraging alone Another different advantage from list Dominance Heirarchy Is a rank/pecking order within a so ...
... group/pack/team OR means working together in hunting/to get food Advantage, eg larger prey/more successful, less energy used/pursuit time per individual, net gain of energy is greater than by foraging alone Another different advantage from list Dominance Heirarchy Is a rank/pecking order within a so ...
Aquatic and terrestrial locomotor speeds of amphibious sea
... relative dependence on aquatic vs terrestrial habitats varies with a laticaudid’s species, sex and body size, a previous study predicted that these factors should generate significant variation in locomotor speeds within laticaudids. Measurements of swimming and crawling speeds supported this predic ...
... relative dependence on aquatic vs terrestrial habitats varies with a laticaudid’s species, sex and body size, a previous study predicted that these factors should generate significant variation in locomotor speeds within laticaudids. Measurements of swimming and crawling speeds supported this predic ...
Organism Size, Life History, and N:P Stoichiometry
... organisms in analyzing how characteristics and activities of organisms influence, and are in turn influenced by, the ecosystem in which they are found. In this article we introduce the main concepts and patterns of ecological stoichiometry and synthesize literature from a variety of fields to forge ...
... organisms in analyzing how characteristics and activities of organisms influence, and are in turn influenced by, the ecosystem in which they are found. In this article we introduce the main concepts and patterns of ecological stoichiometry and synthesize literature from a variety of fields to forge ...
The Mesolithic mammal fauna of Great Britain
... Bial¢owieza, but might well have sustained additional carnivores, probably Stoats and Polecats, in Mesolithic Britain. There are additional rodents and shrews in the modern Polish fauna, but their abundance is low, and they are unlikely to affect these estimates. Pro. ductivity in the more continent ...
... Bial¢owieza, but might well have sustained additional carnivores, probably Stoats and Polecats, in Mesolithic Britain. There are additional rodents and shrews in the modern Polish fauna, but their abundance is low, and they are unlikely to affect these estimates. Pro. ductivity in the more continent ...
Explanatory, Predictive, and Heuristic Roles of
... generalization that is sometimes presented as a chemical law: Noble gases are chemically inert. This generalization is nonchange-relating and consequently not invariant, because it does not allow for a well-defined change in its terms, noble gases and chemically inert. In fact, the generalization de ...
... generalization that is sometimes presented as a chemical law: Noble gases are chemically inert. This generalization is nonchange-relating and consequently not invariant, because it does not allow for a well-defined change in its terms, noble gases and chemically inert. In fact, the generalization de ...
DIVERSITY OF A NORTHERN ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY
... macroalgae and sessile invertebrates occupying primary space on boulders, Sousa (1979, 1984) found that diversity was maximal in communities maintained at ...
... macroalgae and sessile invertebrates occupying primary space on boulders, Sousa (1979, 1984) found that diversity was maximal in communities maintained at ...
j.0022-1112.2005.00934.x.doc
... relationships, as would have been the case if depth had been used as a continuous variable. Patterns in microhabitat use were analysed using generalized linear models (GLMs) for CPUE (Crawley, 2002) and ANOVA for fish size (Copp & Jurajda, 1999). Since CPUE is a variable derived from count data, Poi ...
... relationships, as would have been the case if depth had been used as a continuous variable. Patterns in microhabitat use were analysed using generalized linear models (GLMs) for CPUE (Crawley, 2002) and ANOVA for fish size (Copp & Jurajda, 1999). Since CPUE is a variable derived from count data, Poi ...
Adaptive Speciation: Theory and Evolutionary Experiments
... On the ecology of speciation: Evolutionary branching (evolutionary convergence to fitness minima) is a generic outcome of frequency-dependent interactions due to competition, predation, and mutualism. (First models of evolutionary branching in the late 90’s; to date over 40 publications reporting e ...
... On the ecology of speciation: Evolutionary branching (evolutionary convergence to fitness minima) is a generic outcome of frequency-dependent interactions due to competition, predation, and mutualism. (First models of evolutionary branching in the late 90’s; to date over 40 publications reporting e ...
Ecological morphospace of New World ants
... The relationship between form and function is axiomatic in biology, and is often assumed in studies of ecological interactions and community assembly (Miles & Ricklefs, 1984). Morphology, the size and shape of an organism, reflects a combination of the differences in ecology and phylogenetic history ...
... The relationship between form and function is axiomatic in biology, and is often assumed in studies of ecological interactions and community assembly (Miles & Ricklefs, 1984). Morphology, the size and shape of an organism, reflects a combination of the differences in ecology and phylogenetic history ...
LIFE HISTORIES Chapter 12
... Energy allocated on reproduction can not be used for growth and survival Higher R0 and earlier TM usually result in the reduction of longevity Molles: Ecology 2nd Ed. ...
... Energy allocated on reproduction can not be used for growth and survival Higher R0 and earlier TM usually result in the reduction of longevity Molles: Ecology 2nd Ed. ...
can unwanted suburban tortoises rescue native hawaiian plants?
... events in Africa, the Mascarene Islands, North America, and Hawaii. The remote Hawaiian Islands were beyond the reach of naturally dispersing ...
... events in Africa, the Mascarene Islands, North America, and Hawaii. The remote Hawaiian Islands were beyond the reach of naturally dispersing ...
Electronic supplementary material
... All feeds by all adults were recorded and categorized according to food item size. Using pre-determined biomass values for food size categories (see Raihani & Ridley in press) we calculated the total biomass provisioned to each chick (by all adults) per observation hour (g / chick / h). This value w ...
... All feeds by all adults were recorded and categorized according to food item size. Using pre-determined biomass values for food size categories (see Raihani & Ridley in press) we calculated the total biomass provisioned to each chick (by all adults) per observation hour (g / chick / h). This value w ...
Studies and reconstructions of dire wolf (Canis dirus) and Grey wolf
... than a raccoon, which is probably a good ecological model for some borophagines at a time when procyonids had yet to diversify. After some transitional forms in the early Miocene (Hemingfordian), such as Cormocyon and Desmocyon, borophagines achieved their maximum ecological and numerical (i.e. spec ...
... than a raccoon, which is probably a good ecological model for some borophagines at a time when procyonids had yet to diversify. After some transitional forms in the early Miocene (Hemingfordian), such as Cormocyon and Desmocyon, borophagines achieved their maximum ecological and numerical (i.e. spec ...
19Molles5e
... Includes major atmospheric pool - N2. Only nitrogen fixers can use atmospheric supply directly. Energy-demanding process. N2 reduced to ammonia (NH3). Once N is fixed it is available to organisms. Upon death of an organism, N can be released by fungi and bacteria during decomposition. ...
... Includes major atmospheric pool - N2. Only nitrogen fixers can use atmospheric supply directly. Energy-demanding process. N2 reduced to ammonia (NH3). Once N is fixed it is available to organisms. Upon death of an organism, N can be released by fungi and bacteria during decomposition. ...
Fates beyond traits - Redpath Museum
... of a few special cases? To address these questions, we reverse the traditional chain of causality. Instead of considering trait change as the consequence of ecological change, we consider it as the driver. This perspective is reflective of the emerging paradigm that eco-evolutionary dynamics are inh ...
... of a few special cases? To address these questions, we reverse the traditional chain of causality. Instead of considering trait change as the consequence of ecological change, we consider it as the driver. This perspective is reflective of the emerging paradigm that eco-evolutionary dynamics are inh ...
are cetacea ecologically important? - Whitehead Lab
... the baleen whales migrate to warmer waters for reasons unconnected with variations in the biomass of their prey, such as in response to temperature changes or (heir breeding cycle, then the sudden departure of their predatory biomass might induce instability at lower trophic levels. The depletion of ...
... the baleen whales migrate to warmer waters for reasons unconnected with variations in the biomass of their prey, such as in response to temperature changes or (heir breeding cycle, then the sudden departure of their predatory biomass might induce instability at lower trophic levels. The depletion of ...
The evolution of pollen production in Campanula persicifolia David
... (Chelostoma campanularum and Ch. rapunculi) in Germany has shown that these bees can have a great impact on pollen availability in the population (Schlindwein et al., 2005). The study showed that 95.5% of the pollen was removed from the flowers by the bees, and was used to feed offspring. Even so, p ...
... (Chelostoma campanularum and Ch. rapunculi) in Germany has shown that these bees can have a great impact on pollen availability in the population (Schlindwein et al., 2005). The study showed that 95.5% of the pollen was removed from the flowers by the bees, and was used to feed offspring. Even so, p ...
An empirical model for the prediction of secondary production in
... = 6.1 "C; Highsmith & Coyle 1991), and very high in a coastal sampling station off the coast of Florida, USA (Tb = TS = 22.6"C; Mitchell et al. 1991). The biomass turnover rate or PIB varied from as little as 0.17 to as much as 23. The full data set and list of sources is available on request from t ...
... = 6.1 "C; Highsmith & Coyle 1991), and very high in a coastal sampling station off the coast of Florida, USA (Tb = TS = 22.6"C; Mitchell et al. 1991). The biomass turnover rate or PIB varied from as little as 0.17 to as much as 23. The full data set and list of sources is available on request from t ...
Above and below ground impacts of terrestrial mammals
... patchy distribution and high mobility did not allow for accurate counts nor were their populations likely affected by the patchy exclosure treatments. Because of this, such manipulation is also likely to have a negligible effect on the rates of predation by driver ants. Therefore, only individually ...
... patchy distribution and high mobility did not allow for accurate counts nor were their populations likely affected by the patchy exclosure treatments. Because of this, such manipulation is also likely to have a negligible effect on the rates of predation by driver ants. Therefore, only individually ...
Evaluating the functional importance of secretive species: A case
... of capture. We excluded from all analyses the mass for any snake with palpable prey that was not regurgitated. We estimated the importance of snakes at Ellenton Bay in terms of prey consumption using data on snake density, diet, growth rates and mass conversion efficiency. We divided snakes into thre ...
... of capture. We excluded from all analyses the mass for any snake with palpable prey that was not regurgitated. We estimated the importance of snakes at Ellenton Bay in terms of prey consumption using data on snake density, diet, growth rates and mass conversion efficiency. We divided snakes into thre ...
The population ecology of contemporary adaptations
... (3) a new predator community; and (4) a new coexisting competitor. The new environments that were colonized often had depauperate communities, sometimes because of anthropogenic disturbance. Local adaptation in heterogeneous environments was also often associated with recent anthropogenic changes, s ...
... (3) a new predator community; and (4) a new coexisting competitor. The new environments that were colonized often had depauperate communities, sometimes because of anthropogenic disturbance. Local adaptation in heterogeneous environments was also often associated with recent anthropogenic changes, s ...
On chaos, transient chaos and ghosts in single population models
... low acorn crops and lower on large acorn crops [19]. Moreover, Williams and collaborators [20] showed that some birds could consume almost the whole population of adult cicadas in their summer decline, but their consumption was lower for much larger population densities. In addition, some other stud ...
... low acorn crops and lower on large acorn crops [19]. Moreover, Williams and collaborators [20] showed that some birds could consume almost the whole population of adult cicadas in their summer decline, but their consumption was lower for much larger population densities. In addition, some other stud ...
Resource Depletion and Habitat Segregation by Competitors Under
... shifted to shallow water (Fig. 2A and B). However, following the addition of the predator, the guppies no longer showed segregation (Fig. 2C and D). The guabine spent most of the time in the deeper part of the pool, but it occasionally made forays into shallow areas. This initial experiment shows th ...
... shifted to shallow water (Fig. 2A and B). However, following the addition of the predator, the guppies no longer showed segregation (Fig. 2C and D). The guabine spent most of the time in the deeper part of the pool, but it occasionally made forays into shallow areas. This initial experiment shows th ...
Singlespecies metapopulation dynamics
... estimate the value of e‘ and thus obtain an estimate of M . E may then be calculated for any required value of A . Table 1 gives the estimated values of x and e’/M for the three species of shrew with incidence functions shown in Fig. 2. The extinction parameter x is greater than 1 for the largest sp ...
... estimate the value of e‘ and thus obtain an estimate of M . E may then be calculated for any required value of A . Table 1 gives the estimated values of x and e’/M for the three species of shrew with incidence functions shown in Fig. 2. The extinction parameter x is greater than 1 for the largest sp ...
Megafauna
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (Ancient Greek megas ""large"" + New Latin fauna ""animal"") are large or giant animals. The most common thresholds used are 45 kilograms (100 lb) or 100 kilograms (220 lb). This thus includes many species not popularly thought of as overly large, such as white-tailed deer, red kangaroo, and humans.In practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land animals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than modern counterparts considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct as recently as 10,000–40,000 years ago. It is also commonly used for the largest extant wild land animals, especially elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Megafauna may be subcategorized by their trophic position into megaherbivores (e.g., elk), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears).Other common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, any larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope and cattle, as well as numerous dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.The term is also sometimes applied to animals (usually extinct) of great size relative to a more common or surviving type of the animal, for example the 1 m (3 ft) dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.