GIANT TORTOISE - Galapagos Conservancy
... once posed serious threats to tortoises makes this long-term Islands, Linda supervised the tortoise breeding and rearing tortoise restoration project both timely and feasible. center (including the care of Lonesome George) and much of the tortoise field work from 1988–1997. She played Kicked off wit ...
... once posed serious threats to tortoises makes this long-term Islands, Linda supervised the tortoise breeding and rearing tortoise restoration project both timely and feasible. center (including the care of Lonesome George) and much of the tortoise field work from 1988–1997. She played Kicked off wit ...
The emerging role of pharmacology in understanding consumer
... For permissions please email: [email protected]. ...
... For permissions please email: [email protected]. ...
Contrasting Ecology Shapes Juvenile Lake-Type
... significant (bold numbers in Table 3). The lake-type body shape is more fusiform than the riverine in both cases, though this difference is more pronounced when UQT is excluded, and the caudal peduncle also differs between habitats: shallow and long for lake-type fish and deep and short for riverine ...
... significant (bold numbers in Table 3). The lake-type body shape is more fusiform than the riverine in both cases, though this difference is more pronounced when UQT is excluded, and the caudal peduncle also differs between habitats: shallow and long for lake-type fish and deep and short for riverine ...
Four types of interference competition and their impacts on
... 2006), through injury (Briffa and Sneddon, 2007), loss of energy, foraging time (Briffa and Sneddon, 2007; Stillman et al., 1997), a reduction in food intake rate or in effective fecundity (Vahl et al., 2005). The outcome of interference competition may be any combination of (i) reduced foraging rat ...
... 2006), through injury (Briffa and Sneddon, 2007), loss of energy, foraging time (Briffa and Sneddon, 2007; Stillman et al., 1997), a reduction in food intake rate or in effective fecundity (Vahl et al., 2005). The outcome of interference competition may be any combination of (i) reduced foraging rat ...
236 - North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission
... The extent of consumed by salmon juveniles larvae and young of some commercial species: herring, capelin, smelts, flounders, pollock and sandlance, was analyzed. Cases of feeding on herring juveniles were described in details. There was done an attempt to estimate the losses in herring stock abundan ...
... The extent of consumed by salmon juveniles larvae and young of some commercial species: herring, capelin, smelts, flounders, pollock and sandlance, was analyzed. Cases of feeding on herring juveniles were described in details. There was done an attempt to estimate the losses in herring stock abundan ...
1 Michael Trestman The Cambrian Explosion and the
... (approximately) 34 described phyla of animals6: arthropods, chordates, and mollusks (especially and perhaps exclusively cephalopods, e.g. squid, octopi and cuttlefish). Arthropods seem to have been the first lineage to cross this threshold of bodily complexity, at the very dawn of the Cambrian. They ...
... (approximately) 34 described phyla of animals6: arthropods, chordates, and mollusks (especially and perhaps exclusively cephalopods, e.g. squid, octopi and cuttlefish). Arthropods seem to have been the first lineage to cross this threshold of bodily complexity, at the very dawn of the Cambrian. They ...
The importance of crustacean zooplankton in
... cladocerans appear to compete strongly with rotifers for the resources they share, but calanoids and omnivorous copepods are also potential competitors. A second type of competition occurs when some rotifer species are swept into the branchial chamber of large cladocerans (interference competition o ...
... cladocerans appear to compete strongly with rotifers for the resources they share, but calanoids and omnivorous copepods are also potential competitors. A second type of competition occurs when some rotifer species are swept into the branchial chamber of large cladocerans (interference competition o ...
Effects of patch attributes, barriers, and distance between patches
... as patch size and distance between patches, into their metapopulation model for the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia). They found that this complex model did not perform much better than a basic model with only patch size and distance between patches. Likewise, for the forest carabid ...
... as patch size and distance between patches, into their metapopulation model for the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia). They found that this complex model did not perform much better than a basic model with only patch size and distance between patches. Likewise, for the forest carabid ...
A FIELD ASSESSMENT OF THE DEFENSIVE RESPONSES OF
... Spodoptera exigua), and Pyralidae (1 Lamoria species). The noctuid Spodoptera exigua (n = 15) was the only medium-sized moth captured. Small moths included Noctuidae (9 Spodoptera exigua), Pyralidae: (1 Lamoria species), Tineidae, and 12 Microlepidoptera of several different species. We followed the ...
... Spodoptera exigua), and Pyralidae (1 Lamoria species). The noctuid Spodoptera exigua (n = 15) was the only medium-sized moth captured. Small moths included Noctuidae (9 Spodoptera exigua), Pyralidae: (1 Lamoria species), Tineidae, and 12 Microlepidoptera of several different species. We followed the ...
Portz and Tyus 2004 - Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
... Results of flow tests demonstrated that, as an adaptation, large nuchal humps were not advantageous to life in fast flowing water and so we sought a more plausible explanation. Because the hump produces the general effect of making the fish much larger in body depth, it might also make a fish less vulner ...
... Results of flow tests demonstrated that, as an adaptation, large nuchal humps were not advantageous to life in fast flowing water and so we sought a more plausible explanation. Because the hump produces the general effect of making the fish much larger in body depth, it might also make a fish less vulner ...
Connectivity at the Land-Water Interface
... for this is that aquatic systems are generally lower in elevation that the terrestrial habitats that border them, and therefore gravity will tend to move material downslope and into the water. Yet this asymmetry of abiotic mediation differs between marine-terrestrial and freshwater-terrestrial habit ...
... for this is that aquatic systems are generally lower in elevation that the terrestrial habitats that border them, and therefore gravity will tend to move material downslope and into the water. Yet this asymmetry of abiotic mediation differs between marine-terrestrial and freshwater-terrestrial habit ...
Growth strategies of ectothermic animals in temperate
... horizons. A time horizon can be defined as ‘a period of time of predictable length’ and they are typical components of temperate habitats. In order to survive the winter most temperate ectotherms have to reach a certain developmental stage or a minimum body size before the onset of bad conditions. I ...
... horizons. A time horizon can be defined as ‘a period of time of predictable length’ and they are typical components of temperate habitats. In order to survive the winter most temperate ectotherms have to reach a certain developmental stage or a minimum body size before the onset of bad conditions. I ...
(2010). Thermal heterogeneity mediates the effects of pulsed
... gametes, Clifton 1997), there is the potential for sizebased foraging thresholds, in which the relationship between consumer size and potential consumption is sigmoidal. If these relationships occur during critical periods of energy acquisition, such as pulsed subsidies, small differences in body si ...
... gametes, Clifton 1997), there is the potential for sizebased foraging thresholds, in which the relationship between consumer size and potential consumption is sigmoidal. If these relationships occur during critical periods of energy acquisition, such as pulsed subsidies, small differences in body si ...
Interference versus exploitative competition in the regulation of size
... We use experimental populations of the collembolan Folsomia candida, Willem, 1902, bred in small rearing boxes, with weekly resource input (Tully and Ferrière 2008) to calibrate our model. Folsomia candida is a very convenient model species for studying population dynamics, life-history traits, and ...
... We use experimental populations of the collembolan Folsomia candida, Willem, 1902, bred in small rearing boxes, with weekly resource input (Tully and Ferrière 2008) to calibrate our model. Folsomia candida is a very convenient model species for studying population dynamics, life-history traits, and ...
predators, parasitoids, and pathogens as mortality agents in
... ANODEVs were interpreted by plotting median mortality rates and approximate 95% confidence intervals, based on the sign test (Daniel 1978). A potential problem inherent to all life table studies is that mortality rates among the enemy types both within and between life stages may not be independent. ...
... ANODEVs were interpreted by plotting median mortality rates and approximate 95% confidence intervals, based on the sign test (Daniel 1978). A potential problem inherent to all life table studies is that mortality rates among the enemy types both within and between life stages may not be independent. ...
Differences in fish-assemblage structure between fished and
... direct effects of extraction on large-bodied predators and indirect effects on lower-level assemblage structure. Fish assemblages at Palmyra and especially Kingman atolls were characterized by high total standing biomass, large average body sizes, a preponderance of apex predators and other piscivor ...
... direct effects of extraction on large-bodied predators and indirect effects on lower-level assemblage structure. Fish assemblages at Palmyra and especially Kingman atolls were characterized by high total standing biomass, large average body sizes, a preponderance of apex predators and other piscivor ...
15. sibling competition and the evolution of brood size
... Presumably, the female parent controls the number of nestlings per brood, while growth rate and activity are primarily strategies of nestlings. Due to the basic asymmetry of genetic relationships among siblings (Trivers 1974), nestlings and their parents may come into conflict with respect to such n ...
... Presumably, the female parent controls the number of nestlings per brood, while growth rate and activity are primarily strategies of nestlings. Due to the basic asymmetry of genetic relationships among siblings (Trivers 1974), nestlings and their parents may come into conflict with respect to such n ...
Aurochs and Bison – natural range and habitat selection, de
... Rise, fall, and rise of European bison Origin of European bison (B. bonasus) unresolved - could have been derived from long horned steppe bison (B. priscus) and a woodland bison (B. schoetensacki) both present in Europe during Pleistocene - origin may have been in Caucasus during last glaciation , ...
... Rise, fall, and rise of European bison Origin of European bison (B. bonasus) unresolved - could have been derived from long horned steppe bison (B. priscus) and a woodland bison (B. schoetensacki) both present in Europe during Pleistocene - origin may have been in Caucasus during last glaciation , ...
Durham Research Online
... the family (Holliday and Steppan 2004; Meloro and Raia 2010), but other skull features differ according to the prey they specialise on (Christiansen 2008; Slater and Van Valkenburgh 2008; Meachel-Samuel and Van Valkenburgh 2009b; Meloro 2011a). The most exceptional skull and postcranial morphologies ...
... the family (Holliday and Steppan 2004; Meloro and Raia 2010), but other skull features differ according to the prey they specialise on (Christiansen 2008; Slater and Van Valkenburgh 2008; Meachel-Samuel and Van Valkenburgh 2009b; Meloro 2011a). The most exceptional skull and postcranial morphologies ...
Estimating resource acquisition and at‐sea body condition of a
... 2. However, comparatively little is known about intra- and interindividual variation of condition in marine systems. Where condition has been studied, changes typically are recorded at relatively coarse time-scales. By quantifying how fine-scale interaction with the environment influences condition, ...
... 2. However, comparatively little is known about intra- and interindividual variation of condition in marine systems. Where condition has been studied, changes typically are recorded at relatively coarse time-scales. By quantifying how fine-scale interaction with the environment influences condition, ...
ZOOPLANKTON STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS IN MEDITERRANEAN MARSHES (EMPORDÀ WETLANDS): A SIZE-BASED APPROACH
... 4. Typology of biomass size spectrum at ecological scaling .................................. 31 4.1. Introduction...................................................................................................... 4.2. Results....................................................................... ...
... 4. Typology of biomass size spectrum at ecological scaling .................................. 31 4.1. Introduction...................................................................................................... 4.2. Results....................................................................... ...
Maternal adjustment of offspring provisioning and the consequences
... providing fewer resources to each offspring. We also hypothesized that smaller seeds produced by crowded mothers would benefit from greater dispersal away from their high-density natal habitat. We marked seeds with fluorescent paint while still attached to the mother plant, recorded seed diameter, and ...
... providing fewer resources to each offspring. We also hypothesized that smaller seeds produced by crowded mothers would benefit from greater dispersal away from their high-density natal habitat. We marked seeds with fluorescent paint while still attached to the mother plant, recorded seed diameter, and ...
Lineage Loss in Serengeti Cheetahs
... have shown that small natural populations do suffer from inbreeding depression and decreased fitness caused by low genetic variability, which makes accurate estimates of Ne important for wild populations (Saccheri et al. 1998). The cheetah has been in the conservation spotlight because of its low ge ...
... have shown that small natural populations do suffer from inbreeding depression and decreased fitness caused by low genetic variability, which makes accurate estimates of Ne important for wild populations (Saccheri et al. 1998). The cheetah has been in the conservation spotlight because of its low ge ...
Being cool: how body temperature influences ageing and longevity
... There have been few controlled studies of the effects of temperature on the longevity of vertebrates. Studies conducted in wild vertebrate populations have found evidence that ectotherms tend to live longer at lower temperatures (Finch 1990; Gosden 1996; Munch and Salinas 2009). This is noticeable i ...
... There have been few controlled studies of the effects of temperature on the longevity of vertebrates. Studies conducted in wild vertebrate populations have found evidence that ectotherms tend to live longer at lower temperatures (Finch 1990; Gosden 1996; Munch and Salinas 2009). This is noticeable i ...
Respiration, worker body size, tempo and activity in
... Across ant species, average work load (the proportion of time an individual is active) increases with increasing colony size (Schmid-Hempel, 1990), suggesting that high tempo ants (with large colonies) may not only move faster, but also may be active a greater proportion of time relative to low temp ...
... Across ant species, average work load (the proportion of time an individual is active) increases with increasing colony size (Schmid-Hempel, 1990), suggesting that high tempo ants (with large colonies) may not only move faster, but also may be active a greater proportion of time relative to low temp ...
Megafauna
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (Ancient Greek megas ""large"" + New Latin fauna ""animal"") are large or giant animals. The most common thresholds used are 45 kilograms (100 lb) or 100 kilograms (220 lb). This thus includes many species not popularly thought of as overly large, such as white-tailed deer, red kangaroo, and humans.In practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land animals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than modern counterparts considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct as recently as 10,000–40,000 years ago. It is also commonly used for the largest extant wild land animals, especially elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Megafauna may be subcategorized by their trophic position into megaherbivores (e.g., elk), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears).Other common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, any larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope and cattle, as well as numerous dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.The term is also sometimes applied to animals (usually extinct) of great size relative to a more common or surviving type of the animal, for example the 1 m (3 ft) dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.