The predator-prey power law: Biomass scaling across terrestrial and
... theoretical basis for expecting such changes in trophic structure (appendix S1). Large-mammal time series over the past 50 years in several of these systems show that communities are near steady state, even as component populations fluctuate and largely compensate with one another, for a more regula ...
... theoretical basis for expecting such changes in trophic structure (appendix S1). Large-mammal time series over the past 50 years in several of these systems show that communities are near steady state, even as component populations fluctuate and largely compensate with one another, for a more regula ...
Hatton etal. 2015. Science
... theoretical basis for expecting such changes in trophic structure (appendix S1). Large-mammal time series over the past 50 years in several of these systems show that communities are near steady state, even as component populations fluctuate and largely compensate with one another, for a more regula ...
... theoretical basis for expecting such changes in trophic structure (appendix S1). Large-mammal time series over the past 50 years in several of these systems show that communities are near steady state, even as component populations fluctuate and largely compensate with one another, for a more regula ...
Allee Effects
... (panel a, red arrow). This is an unstable equilibrium. Populations with abundance greater than this value will increase to carrying capacity (panel a, black arrow). Populations with abundance less than this value will decline to extinction. While carrying capacity is a stable equilibrium for both st ...
... (panel a, red arrow). This is an unstable equilibrium. Populations with abundance greater than this value will increase to carrying capacity (panel a, black arrow). Populations with abundance less than this value will decline to extinction. While carrying capacity is a stable equilibrium for both st ...
07 JMS 329-341 Ansell
... glandiformis present, their size distribution, and the identity of the ‘prey’ organism present in each case. The persistence of individual aggregations was monitored through the lowand high-water periods, by marking them with canes inserted a short distance shoreward of the group to prevent interfer ...
... glandiformis present, their size distribution, and the identity of the ‘prey’ organism present in each case. The persistence of individual aggregations was monitored through the lowand high-water periods, by marking them with canes inserted a short distance shoreward of the group to prevent interfer ...
The Role of Body Size in Complex Food Webs: A Cold - ePIC
... Recent research has shown that species from higher trophic levels (Pauly et al., 1998), large-bodied or slow-growing species, with late maturity tend to decline or go extinct more rapidly than those that are smaller (Cardillo, 2003; Layer et al., 2011; McKinney, 1997). This suggests that some life-h ...
... Recent research has shown that species from higher trophic levels (Pauly et al., 1998), large-bodied or slow-growing species, with late maturity tend to decline or go extinct more rapidly than those that are smaller (Cardillo, 2003; Layer et al., 2011; McKinney, 1997). This suggests that some life-h ...
Indo-Pacific lionfish are larger and more abundant on invaded reefs
... bottom of box) are given ...
... bottom of box) are given ...
Habitat structure, trophic structure and ecosystem
... habitat structure (Klein 1989; Didham et al. 1996; Wardle et al. 1997; Gonzalez and Chaneton 2002; Tewksbury et al. 2002) and trophic structure (McQueen et al. 1989; Schindler et al. 1997; Carpenter et al. 2001; Wardle et al. 2001), there has been little investigation of how habitat structure and tr ...
... habitat structure (Klein 1989; Didham et al. 1996; Wardle et al. 1997; Gonzalez and Chaneton 2002; Tewksbury et al. 2002) and trophic structure (McQueen et al. 1989; Schindler et al. 1997; Carpenter et al. 2001; Wardle et al. 2001), there has been little investigation of how habitat structure and tr ...
9 Pathways to Animal Domestication
... humans. Movement along this axis ranges from free-living populations, to managed ones which can still revert to a wild state, to plants and animals unable to survive outside of the domestic partnership. The degree of human investment in the plant or animal species forms an important axis on the huma ...
... humans. Movement along this axis ranges from free-living populations, to managed ones which can still revert to a wild state, to plants and animals unable to survive outside of the domestic partnership. The degree of human investment in the plant or animal species forms an important axis on the huma ...
Bio-Diversity, Extinction, and Incentives to Save/Exterminate Species
... This lesson is intended to be used in an AP Environmental Science Course. With only slight modifications it lends itself to use in Biology or Advanced Biology High School Courses. This may also be used to supplement an introductory Economics Course, with the addition of source materials. The lesson ...
... This lesson is intended to be used in an AP Environmental Science Course. With only slight modifications it lends itself to use in Biology or Advanced Biology High School Courses. This may also be used to supplement an introductory Economics Course, with the addition of source materials. The lesson ...
Importance of the Allee effect for reintroductions1
... reintroduction. Because of this shortage of individuals, the founder populations will be confronted by different dynamic problems typical of small populations or populations at low density, among which is the Allee effect. In many species, individuals benefit from the presence of conspecifics. The l ...
... reintroduction. Because of this shortage of individuals, the founder populations will be confronted by different dynamic problems typical of small populations or populations at low density, among which is the Allee effect. In many species, individuals benefit from the presence of conspecifics. The l ...
Mesoherbivory: the ascoglossan sea slug Placida dendritica may
... Rock North and South, and Strawberry Hill North and South. 1 selected 2 areas at Seal Rock and Strawberry Hill because of their markedly different patterns of sand dynamics (D'Antonio 1986). The low intertidal zone was frequently, though unpredictably, buried by sand (cm to m in depth). I ranked the ...
... Rock North and South, and Strawberry Hill North and South. 1 selected 2 areas at Seal Rock and Strawberry Hill because of their markedly different patterns of sand dynamics (D'Antonio 1986). The low intertidal zone was frequently, though unpredictably, buried by sand (cm to m in depth). I ranked the ...
Effects of sand burial depth and seed mass on seedling emergence
... The optimal burial depth of seedling emergence could be strongly influenced by seed mass (Chen and Maun 1999). Seed mass plays a key role in the establishment of the juvenile phase of a plant’s life cycle, and seed mass is a parameter that profoundly influences both germination characteristics and se ...
... The optimal burial depth of seedling emergence could be strongly influenced by seed mass (Chen and Maun 1999). Seed mass plays a key role in the establishment of the juvenile phase of a plant’s life cycle, and seed mass is a parameter that profoundly influences both germination characteristics and se ...
GET PDF - College of the Holy Cross
... plasticity early in development compared to S. franciscanus larvae from normal eggs, this would support the hypothesis that the amount of endogenous material in the egg can affect morphological plasticity. Alternatively, if larvae from half-size eggs show no difference in the capacity for plasticity ...
... plasticity early in development compared to S. franciscanus larvae from normal eggs, this would support the hypothesis that the amount of endogenous material in the egg can affect morphological plasticity. Alternatively, if larvae from half-size eggs show no difference in the capacity for plasticity ...
TERSANE Summer School 2016
... 10:20-12:30h: Presentations of PhD students and postdocs (former work) 14:00-16:00h: The role of physiology in assessing climate change impacts (Hans Pörtner) 16:00-17:00h: Discussion ...
... 10:20-12:30h: Presentations of PhD students and postdocs (former work) 14:00-16:00h: The role of physiology in assessing climate change impacts (Hans Pörtner) 16:00-17:00h: Discussion ...
Durham E-Theses The Breeding Ecology of Homed Puffins
... improve our baseline knowledge of this species and the variability in its breeding ecology. Adults fed their chicks primarily on sandlance (Ammodytes hexapterus), which comprised over 90% of the diet. Chick survival to fledging was generally high (83-97% ), and there was no apparent difference among ...
... improve our baseline knowledge of this species and the variability in its breeding ecology. Adults fed their chicks primarily on sandlance (Ammodytes hexapterus), which comprised over 90% of the diet. Chick survival to fledging was generally high (83-97% ), and there was no apparent difference among ...
COMPETITION AND COEXISTENCE OF LARVAL ANT LIONS
... been three kinds of answers. First, factors such as predation or disturbance may suppress densities to chronically low levels, so that shared resources never become limiting (Connell 1975, Sousa 1984). Second, coexistence on a local scale may be transitory, but regional coexistence may be maintained ...
... been three kinds of answers. First, factors such as predation or disturbance may suppress densities to chronically low levels, so that shared resources never become limiting (Connell 1975, Sousa 1984). Second, coexistence on a local scale may be transitory, but regional coexistence may be maintained ...
pdf here
... bear scent in a forest-dominated landscape, except when the habitat was opened up through human activities. We are, however, only beginning to understand how human modifications to landscapes affect predator –prey interactions. The direct effects of human activity on the behaviour of carnivores and ...
... bear scent in a forest-dominated landscape, except when the habitat was opened up through human activities. We are, however, only beginning to understand how human modifications to landscapes affect predator –prey interactions. The direct effects of human activity on the behaviour of carnivores and ...
A length-based approach to predator–prey relationships in marine
... lengths from prey hard parts from known species-specific relationships (e.g., Scharf et al. 1998c; Staudinger et al. 2009). Also, in many analyses, prey mass is calculated from prey length, thus increasing potential error, particularly when species-specific length– mass conversions are not available. ...
... lengths from prey hard parts from known species-specific relationships (e.g., Scharf et al. 1998c; Staudinger et al. 2009). Also, in many analyses, prey mass is calculated from prey length, thus increasing potential error, particularly when species-specific length– mass conversions are not available. ...
Interspecific interactions in phytophagous insects revisited: a
... with a root-eating beetle larva, even though neither is common, neither eats much of its respective plant part, neither comes in contact with each other, neither feeds on the same individual plant, and neither feeds at the same time of the yearÕ. This view was certainly not shared by most ecologists ...
... with a root-eating beetle larva, even though neither is common, neither eats much of its respective plant part, neither comes in contact with each other, neither feeds on the same individual plant, and neither feeds at the same time of the yearÕ. This view was certainly not shared by most ecologists ...
Effects of productivity, disturbance, and ecosystem size on food
... factor intrinsic to the community module itself—the topdown force of IGP. Note that our assumption about extinctions differs from many metapopulation scenarios, where extinctions arise in small populations due to demographic stochasticity, even in constant environments. When disturbance hits a local ...
... factor intrinsic to the community module itself—the topdown force of IGP. Note that our assumption about extinctions differs from many metapopulation scenarios, where extinctions arise in small populations due to demographic stochasticity, even in constant environments. When disturbance hits a local ...
Intraspecific phenotypic variation among alewife populations drives
... impact on concurrent ecological dynamics has inspired research on the feedbacks between ecology and evolution of life-history traits [1,4,5]. There are now several examples of the influence of evolutionary diversification within species on ecological processes, both in laboratory systems [6] and in ...
... impact on concurrent ecological dynamics has inspired research on the feedbacks between ecology and evolution of life-history traits [1,4,5]. There are now several examples of the influence of evolutionary diversification within species on ecological processes, both in laboratory systems [6] and in ...
WINTER BROWSING BY MOOSE AND HARES IN SUBARCTIC
... scales, browsing was mostly randomly distributed. It was concluded that forage density is a cue for moose but only at certain spatial scales. Similarly, a comparison of foraging distribution by hare and moose showed that high birch density was a key factor for both species. In spite of this, hares ...
... scales, browsing was mostly randomly distributed. It was concluded that forage density is a cue for moose but only at certain spatial scales. Similarly, a comparison of foraging distribution by hare and moose showed that high birch density was a key factor for both species. In spite of this, hares ...
Do Marine Mammals Experience Stress Related to
... Additional support for the flight hypothesis is found in the similar response to novel sounds observed in other cetacean species. For example, Nowacek, Johnson & Tyack (2004) exposed foraging North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) tagged with a Digital Acoustic Recording Tag (DTag: Johnso ...
... Additional support for the flight hypothesis is found in the similar response to novel sounds observed in other cetacean species. For example, Nowacek, Johnson & Tyack (2004) exposed foraging North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) tagged with a Digital Acoustic Recording Tag (DTag: Johnso ...
The life history of the green anaconda
... ages, but switch to larger prey as they grow older. They risk being injured or even killed by their prey when attacking large, dangerous prey items. Anacondas experience relatively high mortality in early ages that decreases as they grow larger. Adult males always face relatively high risk of predat ...
... ages, but switch to larger prey as they grow older. They risk being injured or even killed by their prey when attacking large, dangerous prey items. Anacondas experience relatively high mortality in early ages that decreases as they grow larger. Adult males always face relatively high risk of predat ...
Megafauna
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (Ancient Greek megas ""large"" + New Latin fauna ""animal"") are large or giant animals. The most common thresholds used are 45 kilograms (100 lb) or 100 kilograms (220 lb). This thus includes many species not popularly thought of as overly large, such as white-tailed deer, red kangaroo, and humans.In practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land animals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than modern counterparts considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct as recently as 10,000–40,000 years ago. It is also commonly used for the largest extant wild land animals, especially elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Megafauna may be subcategorized by their trophic position into megaherbivores (e.g., elk), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears).Other common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, any larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope and cattle, as well as numerous dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.The term is also sometimes applied to animals (usually extinct) of great size relative to a more common or surviving type of the animal, for example the 1 m (3 ft) dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.