The biogeography of marine plankton traits
... nitrate leads to corresponding changes in the relative advantage of traits related to nitrate competition, low light tolerance and maximum growth rate (Edwards et al. 2013). This kind of analysis can be applied to broader spatial scales by integrating data on community abundance, functional traits a ...
... nitrate leads to corresponding changes in the relative advantage of traits related to nitrate competition, low light tolerance and maximum growth rate (Edwards et al. 2013). This kind of analysis can be applied to broader spatial scales by integrating data on community abundance, functional traits a ...
NUTRIENT LIMITATION IN THE SEA: DYNAMICS, IDENTIFICATION
... for ammonia uptake by Chlorella sp. The data of Harvey ( 1963) for the uptake of phosphate by Phueoductylum tricornutum, when replotted ( Fig. 4 ) , also show Michaelis-Menton kinetics. Although the data are scanty at present, the preliminary assumption that the nutrient uptake behavior of algae is ...
... for ammonia uptake by Chlorella sp. The data of Harvey ( 1963) for the uptake of phosphate by Phueoductylum tricornutum, when replotted ( Fig. 4 ) , also show Michaelis-Menton kinetics. Although the data are scanty at present, the preliminary assumption that the nutrient uptake behavior of algae is ...
Impacts of Warming on the Structure and Functioning of Aquatic
... the apex predator, brown trout. These chains were missing from the colder systems, where snails were replaced by much smaller herbivores and invertebrate omnivores were the top predators. Trout were also subsidised by terrestrial invertebrate prey, which could have an effect analogous to apparent co ...
... the apex predator, brown trout. These chains were missing from the colder systems, where snails were replaced by much smaller herbivores and invertebrate omnivores were the top predators. Trout were also subsidised by terrestrial invertebrate prey, which could have an effect analogous to apparent co ...
Indirect effects of invasive species affecting the population structure
... Abstract. Species invasion is of increasing concern as non-native species often have negative impacts on ecosystems that they were introduced to. Invaders negatively affect the abundance of native species due to direct interactions like predation and competition. Additionally, invaders may benefit n ...
... Abstract. Species invasion is of increasing concern as non-native species often have negative impacts on ecosystems that they were introduced to. Invaders negatively affect the abundance of native species due to direct interactions like predation and competition. Additionally, invaders may benefit n ...
A comparison of whole-community and ecosystem approaches
... abundance, biomass and metabolic activity can provide information about structural and energetic aspects of pelagic food webs in their entirety based on these data, as illustrated below. General description and data requirements Biomass size distributions are constructed by allocating all organisms ...
... abundance, biomass and metabolic activity can provide information about structural and energetic aspects of pelagic food webs in their entirety based on these data, as illustrated below. General description and data requirements Biomass size distributions are constructed by allocating all organisms ...
Predator-induced life-history changes and the coexistence of
... conditions described by these models, the parental taxa remain genetically distinct, but the co-occurrence with their interspecific hybrids allows the transfer of genes from one taxon to the other. This process increases the number of genotypes and as a consequence the abilities of the parental spec ...
... conditions described by these models, the parental taxa remain genetically distinct, but the co-occurrence with their interspecific hybrids allows the transfer of genes from one taxon to the other. This process increases the number of genotypes and as a consequence the abilities of the parental spec ...
Technical manual for sampling small mammals in the Arctic
... 8.2.3. Pros and cons of each marking method .......................................................... 32 8.3. Description of the method ........................................................................................ 32 8.3.1. Field procedures for Longworth®/Sherman® traps ................. ...
... 8.2.3. Pros and cons of each marking method .......................................................... 32 8.3. Description of the method ........................................................................................ 32 8.3.1. Field procedures for Longworth®/Sherman® traps ................. ...
Full Text
... A recent study conducted in the African savannah has pointed out that the structure and functioning of vertebrate scavenging assemblages is largely dependent on carcass size (Moleón et al. 2015). The relationship between the particle size of the food resource and community structure and dynamics is ...
... A recent study conducted in the African savannah has pointed out that the structure and functioning of vertebrate scavenging assemblages is largely dependent on carcass size (Moleón et al. 2015). The relationship between the particle size of the food resource and community structure and dynamics is ...
Allometry of Alarm Calls: Black
... antipredator vocalizations for aerial and terrestrial predators. Most of these studies, however, have presented these two types of predators in different ways (19-21), potentially confounding the interpretation that prey distinguish between types of predators and not their location or behavior. Our ...
... antipredator vocalizations for aerial and terrestrial predators. Most of these studies, however, have presented these two types of predators in different ways (19-21), potentially confounding the interpretation that prey distinguish between types of predators and not their location or behavior. Our ...
Opposite responses by an intertidal predator to *, Sarah E. Gilman
... (e.g. Petes et al. 2008), experimental tests of the CSM have been inconclusive (Menge et al. 2002). Moreover, under some conditions the reverse may be likely, especially when the predators are better able than their prey to thermoregulate (Broitman et al. 2008). Understanding the effect of environme ...
... (e.g. Petes et al. 2008), experimental tests of the CSM have been inconclusive (Menge et al. 2002). Moreover, under some conditions the reverse may be likely, especially when the predators are better able than their prey to thermoregulate (Broitman et al. 2008). Understanding the effect of environme ...
Comparative growth rates and yields of ciliates and heterotrophic
... species studied here showed that there was no single explanation for this growth rate disparity. Heterotrophic dinoflagellates exhibited both low ingestion rates and, in one case, low yields; ciliates were able to achieve higher growth rates via either higher ingestion rates or higher yields, depend ...
... species studied here showed that there was no single explanation for this growth rate disparity. Heterotrophic dinoflagellates exhibited both low ingestion rates and, in one case, low yields; ciliates were able to achieve higher growth rates via either higher ingestion rates or higher yields, depend ...
Growing Valley Oak
... than seedlings grown from small seeds. To our knowledge, however, ours is the r2 = 0.005, p=0.29) or the time to root had greater shoot growth between week 7 first study to demonstrate that roots of emergence from the bottoms of the pots (F and week 13 (F=11.04, r2=0.04, p< seedlings grown from larg ...
... than seedlings grown from small seeds. To our knowledge, however, ours is the r2 = 0.005, p=0.29) or the time to root had greater shoot growth between week 7 first study to demonstrate that roots of emergence from the bottoms of the pots (F and week 13 (F=11.04, r2=0.04, p< seedlings grown from larg ...
Wetland paradise lost: Miocene community dynamics in large
... Freshwater Molasse’ (UFM) and represent the youngest lithostratigraphic formation of the Molasse Basin. Directly underlying this is the ultimate, limnic member of the ‘Brackwater Molasse’, which also yields some large fossil mammal faunas. This lithological succession documents the final silting up ...
... Freshwater Molasse’ (UFM) and represent the youngest lithostratigraphic formation of the Molasse Basin. Directly underlying this is the ultimate, limnic member of the ‘Brackwater Molasse’, which also yields some large fossil mammal faunas. This lithological succession documents the final silting up ...
Prey Vulnerability to Peacock Cichlids
... the other (Lawrence 1958). The actual morphological feature of the predator that limits maximum prey size may vary across taxa, but it is the distance between the cleithral bones in the Centrarchidae (Lawrence 1958, Wainwright and Richard 1995). Although not a direct measure, external mouth width cl ...
... the other (Lawrence 1958). The actual morphological feature of the predator that limits maximum prey size may vary across taxa, but it is the distance between the cleithral bones in the Centrarchidae (Lawrence 1958, Wainwright and Richard 1995). Although not a direct measure, external mouth width cl ...
Article - American Arachnology
... pairs, which suggests that the latency to cannibalize depended on their level of nutrient reserves. In fact, this group of spiderlings generally waited to cannibalize almost until the time when they were predicted to die from starvation, which suggests that they chose to cannibalize as a very last o ...
... pairs, which suggests that the latency to cannibalize depended on their level of nutrient reserves. In fact, this group of spiderlings generally waited to cannibalize almost until the time when they were predicted to die from starvation, which suggests that they chose to cannibalize as a very last o ...
Evolution and the latitudinal diversity gradient
... to c. 45 Ma, average species durations are in the range of 10–15 Myr (Stanley 1985). Thus, few of the species that comprise the current latitudinal diversity gradient likely arose during a time of maximum tropical extent. What then is the link between current species diversity and Cenozoic climates? ...
... to c. 45 Ma, average species durations are in the range of 10–15 Myr (Stanley 1985). Thus, few of the species that comprise the current latitudinal diversity gradient likely arose during a time of maximum tropical extent. What then is the link between current species diversity and Cenozoic climates? ...
Factors Affecting the Evolution and Behavioral Ecology of the
... bear (Ursavus elmensis), 20 million years ago in the early Miocene epoch. Although the dawn bear was only the size of a fox terrier, by the Pleistocene its descendents had evolved into some of the largest terrestrial carnivores the world has known. Most bear species evolved in the northern hemispher ...
... bear (Ursavus elmensis), 20 million years ago in the early Miocene epoch. Although the dawn bear was only the size of a fox terrier, by the Pleistocene its descendents had evolved into some of the largest terrestrial carnivores the world has known. Most bear species evolved in the northern hemispher ...
Fungal virulence, vertebrate endothermy, and dinosaur extinction: is there a connection? Commentary
... persist, and cause disease in animals despite no apparent requirement for animal hosts in replication or survival presents a paradox. In recent years studies with amoeba, slime molds, and worms have led to the proposal that interactions between fungi and other environmental microbes, including preda ...
... persist, and cause disease in animals despite no apparent requirement for animal hosts in replication or survival presents a paradox. In recent years studies with amoeba, slime molds, and worms have led to the proposal that interactions between fungi and other environmental microbes, including preda ...
PDF
... While the lack of homeostasis allows organisms to store nutrients (see above), the advantages of stoichiometric homeostasis remain unclear. It can be argued that the ability to store nutrients, which results in flexible body stoichiometry, is the more advantageous strategy, especially where food sup ...
... While the lack of homeostasis allows organisms to store nutrients (see above), the advantages of stoichiometric homeostasis remain unclear. It can be argued that the ability to store nutrients, which results in flexible body stoichiometry, is the more advantageous strategy, especially where food sup ...
can intraspecific competition drive disruptive selection?
... niche expansion or stronger diversifying selection. Laboratory experiments using bacterial cultures (Helling et al. 1987; Rainey and Travisano 1998; Travisano and Rainey 2000; Buckling and Rainey 2002) and populations of fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster (Bolnick 2001) have confirmed that competi ...
... niche expansion or stronger diversifying selection. Laboratory experiments using bacterial cultures (Helling et al. 1987; Rainey and Travisano 1998; Travisano and Rainey 2000; Buckling and Rainey 2002) and populations of fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster (Bolnick 2001) have confirmed that competi ...
Lonesome George: The legacy
... More extensive research is needed to understand the dynamics of seed dispersal to determine effectiveness, differential germination success (with or without a tortoise conduit) and the general demography of vegetation in order to further shed light on the giant tortoise’s role in habitat restoration ...
... More extensive research is needed to understand the dynamics of seed dispersal to determine effectiveness, differential germination success (with or without a tortoise conduit) and the general demography of vegetation in order to further shed light on the giant tortoise’s role in habitat restoration ...
climate change effects on species composition mediates
... Global changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, and moisture will have important consequences for the functioning of ecosystems [1]. Climatic warming will occur in response to rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, and elevated CO2 can alter or compensate for many of the res ...
... Global changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, and moisture will have important consequences for the functioning of ecosystems [1]. Climatic warming will occur in response to rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, and elevated CO2 can alter or compensate for many of the res ...
- DiscardLess
... Abstract: Conventional fisheries management encourages highly selective fishing patterns for various purposes, such as increase relative yield, reduce unwanted by‐catch, protect various species or sizes and rebuild ecosystems. Recent empirical and theoretical studies, however, show increasing eviden ...
... Abstract: Conventional fisheries management encourages highly selective fishing patterns for various purposes, such as increase relative yield, reduce unwanted by‐catch, protect various species or sizes and rebuild ecosystems. Recent empirical and theoretical studies, however, show increasing eviden ...
Choosing appropriate temporal and spatial scales for ecological
... process, comparable in its chief features with the life history of an individual plant (Clements 1916, p. 2). Clements’ study area was the prairie just at the time it was being settled by European–American agriculturists (Tobey 1981). To him, they represented an artificial, external disturbance that ...
... process, comparable in its chief features with the life history of an individual plant (Clements 1916, p. 2). Clements’ study area was the prairie just at the time it was being settled by European–American agriculturists (Tobey 1981). To him, they represented an artificial, external disturbance that ...
Habitat heterogeneity, biogenic disturbance, and
... Abstract. Habitat heterogeneity is a major structuring agent of ecological assemblages promoting beta diversity and ultimately contributing to overall higher global diversity. The exact processes by which heterogeneity increases diversity are scale dependent and encompass variation in other well-kno ...
... Abstract. Habitat heterogeneity is a major structuring agent of ecological assemblages promoting beta diversity and ultimately contributing to overall higher global diversity. The exact processes by which heterogeneity increases diversity are scale dependent and encompass variation in other well-kno ...
Megafauna
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (Ancient Greek megas ""large"" + New Latin fauna ""animal"") are large or giant animals. The most common thresholds used are 45 kilograms (100 lb) or 100 kilograms (220 lb). This thus includes many species not popularly thought of as overly large, such as white-tailed deer, red kangaroo, and humans.In practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land animals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than modern counterparts considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct as recently as 10,000–40,000 years ago. It is also commonly used for the largest extant wild land animals, especially elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Megafauna may be subcategorized by their trophic position into megaherbivores (e.g., elk), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears).Other common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, any larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope and cattle, as well as numerous dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.The term is also sometimes applied to animals (usually extinct) of great size relative to a more common or surviving type of the animal, for example the 1 m (3 ft) dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.