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1.4.10.H Pyramid of Numbers
1.4.11.H Ecological Relationships
1.4.12.H Population Dynamics
Follow-Me – iQuiz
Q. Comment on the relative sizes of an individual producer and
an individual primary consumer in a pyramid of numbers.
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. What is a predator?
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. What does an ecologist mean by competition?
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. What term is used to describe an animal that is killed and
eaten?
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. True or False. Competition is generally more intense between
members of the same species than between members of
different species.
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. Suggest possible effects of the disappearance of a plant
species on the populations of other plants and animals in the
ecosystem.
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. What is contest competition?
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. What term do ecologists use to describe an animal which kills
and eats other animals?
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. If the population of prey declines suggest two possible
consequences for the predators.
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. What is scramble competition?
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. Apart from competition, state another factor that limits
population growth.
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. Give an example of predation by naming a predator and its
prey.
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. Where one organism lives in or on a second species, feeding
on it and causing it harm is called …
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. Name a factor, other than competition, that controls wild
populations.
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. Mortality levels resulting from infection by a particular virus
tend to decline over the years. Why?
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. Marking an animal might endanger it. Why?
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. Suggest a role for parasites in the overall scheme of nature.
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. Name a predator and give one adaptive technique.
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. Suggest an effect on human population of an increased
availability of contraception.
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. All the members of a species living in an area is referred to as
…
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. Give four factors that influence the size of the human
population.
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. Mortality levels tend to be higher in the migratory animal
species. Why?
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. The population of a predator did not decline following a big
reduction in the population of its main prey. Why?
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
THIS BOX
for the Next Question
Q. A relationship between two organisms in which both benefit
is called …
An animal which kills and eats
another animal for food
Fox, Chicken, Hawk,
Rabbit
Population
Consumers of this plant may
decrease; Numbers of other
plant species may increase;
Decrease (no increase) in
population; Improved social
conditions; Reduced STIs
Fox, Speed and sharp
canine teeth
Population control
Hazards encountered on
migration
Predator
Different prey
Host immunity develops;
Natural selection; Vaccination
Prey
Disease; Parasitism; Food
availability; Pollution;
Predation; Hunting
More conspicuous to
predators; Social outcast;
Toxic marker
Producer larger;
Consumer smaller
Each organism gets some
of resource
Mutualism; Symbiosis
Starvation or death; Migration;
Decline in population; Change
food source
FALSE
One organism loses the
resource
TRUE
Parasitism
When two or more organisms
fight for a resource that is in
short supply
Famine; Birth control; War;
Disease; Birth rate; Death rate
or longevity;
CONGRATULATIONS
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