Differential expression of genes involved in
... – Hydrogenases carry out metabolic functions while conserving and recycling energy and oxygen ...
... – Hydrogenases carry out metabolic functions while conserving and recycling energy and oxygen ...
5.36 Biochemistry Laboratory
... • Minimal interference with the fused protein • Depending on the location and amino acid composition of the tag, removal of the tag may not be required • Not as immonogenic as large tags—recombinant proteins can be used directly as an antigen in antibody production ...
... • Minimal interference with the fused protein • Depending on the location and amino acid composition of the tag, removal of the tag may not be required • Not as immonogenic as large tags—recombinant proteins can be used directly as an antigen in antibody production ...
Transcription, RNA Processing, and
... Transcription ends (termination) when RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence, usually located several bases upstream from where transcription actually stops Some terminators require a termination factor protein called the rho factor (); these are rhodependent. Others are rho-independent. Mess ...
... Transcription ends (termination) when RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence, usually located several bases upstream from where transcription actually stops Some terminators require a termination factor protein called the rho factor (); these are rhodependent. Others are rho-independent. Mess ...
A systems view of epigenetic networks regulating pancreas
... endocrine cell lineage8,9 has offered an opportunity to study critical epigenetic events occurring during endocrine cell development. Studies using these approaches have shown that at each step during progression toward pancreas, changes in the bivalent state of a promoter coincide with changes in t ...
... endocrine cell lineage8,9 has offered an opportunity to study critical epigenetic events occurring during endocrine cell development. Studies using these approaches have shown that at each step during progression toward pancreas, changes in the bivalent state of a promoter coincide with changes in t ...
Two genes encoding protein phosphatase 2A
... protein phosphatases 2A; RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA ends; rRNA, ribosomal RNA; UT, untranslated; UTR, untranslated region; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Introduction Reversible protein phosphorylation is a major regulatory mechanism in a variety of cellular processes (Cohen, 1989). In contrast ...
... protein phosphatases 2A; RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA ends; rRNA, ribosomal RNA; UT, untranslated; UTR, untranslated region; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Introduction Reversible protein phosphorylation is a major regulatory mechanism in a variety of cellular processes (Cohen, 1989). In contrast ...
ORS 2017 Annual Meeting Poster No.1864
... strain/time point for qRT-PCR and 6 animals per strain/time point for other analyses) were presented as the mean ± 95% confidence intervals. The difference between means from two groups was analyzed by Student’s t-test; the difference between means for three or more groups was assessed by one-way AN ...
... strain/time point for qRT-PCR and 6 animals per strain/time point for other analyses) were presented as the mean ± 95% confidence intervals. The difference between means from two groups was analyzed by Student’s t-test; the difference between means for three or more groups was assessed by one-way AN ...
Stimulation of Klotho and AMPK activity to mimic caloric restriction
... The longevity response of caloric restriction is regulated by nutrient and energy sensing pathways. The insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway is a cellular sensor for nutrients. Under high nutrient and insulin conditions, the Caloric restriction (CR) increases lifespan in receptor gets phosphorylated, lea ...
... The longevity response of caloric restriction is regulated by nutrient and energy sensing pathways. The insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway is a cellular sensor for nutrients. Under high nutrient and insulin conditions, the Caloric restriction (CR) increases lifespan in receptor gets phosphorylated, lea ...
Identifying proteins required for chromatin organization using a GFP
... to bypass cellular checkpoints and divide uncontrollably. Gene expression can be affected by a number of factors such as chromatin organization. When the chromatin organization is disrupted in the nucleus, this distorts the ability of DNA regulatory elements and transcriptional machinery from intera ...
... to bypass cellular checkpoints and divide uncontrollably. Gene expression can be affected by a number of factors such as chromatin organization. When the chromatin organization is disrupted in the nucleus, this distorts the ability of DNA regulatory elements and transcriptional machinery from intera ...
Regulation and Control of Metabolism in Bacteria
... (down-regulation) of bacterial transcription. This process, along with that of enzyme induction, is called negative control because a regulatory protein brings about inhibition of mRNA synthesis which leads to decreased synthesis of enzymes. The genes for tryptophan biosynthesis in Escherichia coli ...
... (down-regulation) of bacterial transcription. This process, along with that of enzyme induction, is called negative control because a regulatory protein brings about inhibition of mRNA synthesis which leads to decreased synthesis of enzymes. The genes for tryptophan biosynthesis in Escherichia coli ...
Rhizobiales-like protein phosphatases (Rhilphs): A role in plant
... Fig 2. Overrepresented groups among genes co-expressed with A.thaliana Rhilph-1. (A), General functional groups; (B), Transcription factors; (C), Proteins containing specific structural motifs or domains. ...
... Fig 2. Overrepresented groups among genes co-expressed with A.thaliana Rhilph-1. (A), General functional groups; (B), Transcription factors; (C), Proteins containing specific structural motifs or domains. ...
Back to the Future: Molecular Biology Meets Metabolism
... A similar thought process can be applied to the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) enzyme discovered by Gerald Hart (Hart et al. 2011). OGT ...
... A similar thought process can be applied to the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) enzyme discovered by Gerald Hart (Hart et al. 2011). OGT ...
Regulation of Muscle Protein Synthesis and
... demonstrate that FoxO activity is tightly regulated by Akt phosphorylation. Upon Akt activation in response to insulin and IGF, protein synthesis is stimulated, but proteasome activity is also suppressed by direct Akt phosphorylation of FoxO protein. In turn, FoxO1 and FoxO3 are inactivated by their ...
... demonstrate that FoxO activity is tightly regulated by Akt phosphorylation. Upon Akt activation in response to insulin and IGF, protein synthesis is stimulated, but proteasome activity is also suppressed by direct Akt phosphorylation of FoxO protein. In turn, FoxO1 and FoxO3 are inactivated by their ...
Chapter 17 Presentation
... mRNA is the “messenger” or vehicle that carries the genetic information from the DNA to the protein synthesizing machinery. RNA polymerase pries apart the DNA and joins RNA nucleotides together in the 5’-->3’ direction (adding, again, to the free 3’ end). RNA polymerase is just like DNA polymerase, ...
... mRNA is the “messenger” or vehicle that carries the genetic information from the DNA to the protein synthesizing machinery. RNA polymerase pries apart the DNA and joins RNA nucleotides together in the 5’-->3’ direction (adding, again, to the free 3’ end). RNA polymerase is just like DNA polymerase, ...
A low resolution structure of a component of the Cytokine responsive
... IKKgamma, leading to activation of the IKK complex. To date, there has been no experimentally-derived high or low-resolution structural information on the IKK complex or any of its components presented in the literature. Here we present for the first time structural information on the isolated recom ...
... IKKgamma, leading to activation of the IKK complex. To date, there has been no experimentally-derived high or low-resolution structural information on the IKK complex or any of its components presented in the literature. Here we present for the first time structural information on the isolated recom ...
Investigation of the function of Retionid X Receptor in mouse
... transcriptional activity of these elements and their target genes are further regulated by the previously mentioned CTCF/Cohesin complex which is responsible for the shaping of the higher order chromatin structure. These are the most common components that are responsible for cell type specific gene ...
... transcriptional activity of these elements and their target genes are further regulated by the previously mentioned CTCF/Cohesin complex which is responsible for the shaping of the higher order chromatin structure. These are the most common components that are responsible for cell type specific gene ...
Protein methylation at the surface and buried deep
... Protein lysine methylation: not just for histones Although most protein lysine methyltransferases are SETdomain family members [4,9], there is an increasing number of seven-beta-strand enzymes being reported that catalyze similar reactions [16–19]. These enzymes result in the formation of monomethyl ...
... Protein lysine methylation: not just for histones Although most protein lysine methyltransferases are SETdomain family members [4,9], there is an increasing number of seven-beta-strand enzymes being reported that catalyze similar reactions [16–19]. These enzymes result in the formation of monomethyl ...
Expression of a mouse replacement histone H3. 3 gene with a
... probably results from the use of the polyadenylation signal at position +1507, whereas the mRNAs of 1.2 and 1.0 kb correspond to the use of polyadenylation signals at positions +943 and +739, respectively, taking into account a poly A + tail of about 200 nucleotides. As determined by scanning of the ...
... probably results from the use of the polyadenylation signal at position +1507, whereas the mRNAs of 1.2 and 1.0 kb correspond to the use of polyadenylation signals at positions +943 and +739, respectively, taking into account a poly A + tail of about 200 nucleotides. As determined by scanning of the ...
No Slide Title
... IFNs consist of two types: type I (IFN-a, IFN-b) and type II (IFN-g). Type I and II IFNs bind to different receptors and activate overlapping but distinct genes. 2. Identification of genes which are specifically activated by IFN-a and IFN-g, characterizing the specific DNA sequences responsible for ...
... IFNs consist of two types: type I (IFN-a, IFN-b) and type II (IFN-g). Type I and II IFNs bind to different receptors and activate overlapping but distinct genes. 2. Identification of genes which are specifically activated by IFN-a and IFN-g, characterizing the specific DNA sequences responsible for ...
Modulation of Gene Expression by Scaffold/Matrix Attached Regions
... level. We will use these principal modes of action to structure this paragraph well knowing that some phenomena may fall in between these two phases .1 Domain size While it is generally agreed that the average size of a chromatin domain in a eukaryotic cell is around 70 kb, the natural distribution ...
... level. We will use these principal modes of action to structure this paragraph well knowing that some phenomena may fall in between these two phases .1 Domain size While it is generally agreed that the average size of a chromatin domain in a eukaryotic cell is around 70 kb, the natural distribution ...
Promoter Regions
... Consensus Sequence: Sigma factor binding regions in the promoter region. The term consensus sequence refers to the sequence not being the same for every promoter. The given consensus sequences are based on base pairs with the highest occurrence. In E. Coli, the consensus sequences are found at -10 a ...
... Consensus Sequence: Sigma factor binding regions in the promoter region. The term consensus sequence refers to the sequence not being the same for every promoter. The given consensus sequences are based on base pairs with the highest occurrence. In E. Coli, the consensus sequences are found at -10 a ...
Migration Cues Induce Chromatin Alterations
... reduce H1 chromatin-binding affinity. To test our hypothesis that the binding of H1 to chromatin plays a role in cell migration, two assays were used; the Transwell and the wound healing assays. The migration rates of cells overexpressing H1E C-terminal domain were compared with that of the control ...
... reduce H1 chromatin-binding affinity. To test our hypothesis that the binding of H1 to chromatin plays a role in cell migration, two assays were used; the Transwell and the wound healing assays. The migration rates of cells overexpressing H1E C-terminal domain were compared with that of the control ...
video slide - Greensburg
... • In prokaryotes, mRNA produced by transcription is immediately translated without more processing • In a eukaryotic cell, the nuclear envelope separates transcription from translation • Eukaryotic RNA transcripts are modified through RNA processing to yield finished mRNA • Cells are governed by a ...
... • In prokaryotes, mRNA produced by transcription is immediately translated without more processing • In a eukaryotic cell, the nuclear envelope separates transcription from translation • Eukaryotic RNA transcripts are modified through RNA processing to yield finished mRNA • Cells are governed by a ...
Manual_AccuRapid™ Protein Synthesis Kit
... 6) Mix protein expression mixture and magnetic bead by pipetting and incubate at room temperature for 5 min. 7) Combine magnet plate with separation rack and remove supernatant from the bead. (* Supernatant from this step is Unbound sample.) 8) After separating magnet plate from separation rack, add ...
... 6) Mix protein expression mixture and magnetic bead by pipetting and incubate at room temperature for 5 min. 7) Combine magnet plate with separation rack and remove supernatant from the bead. (* Supernatant from this step is Unbound sample.) 8) After separating magnet plate from separation rack, add ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.