8.4 Transcription
... • Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template. • Enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule. • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a te ...
... • Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template. • Enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule. • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a te ...
8.4 Transcription
... • Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template. • Enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule. • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a te ...
... • Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template. • Enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule. • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a te ...
Functional decorations: post-translational modifications and heart
... mediators of the O-GlcNAc PTM. O-GlcNAcylation has been identified as a PTM of proteins involved in nuclear transport, translation and transcription, cytoskeletal organi zation, proteasomal degradation, and apoptosis [50,51]. Consequently, it regulates both positive and negative processes in the ca ...
... mediators of the O-GlcNAc PTM. O-GlcNAcylation has been identified as a PTM of proteins involved in nuclear transport, translation and transcription, cytoskeletal organi zation, proteasomal degradation, and apoptosis [50,51]. Consequently, it regulates both positive and negative processes in the ca ...
BI0I 121 cell and tissues
... Explain how eukaryotic gene expression is regulated at multiple levels; describe the structure of the eukaryotic operon, define its elements; explain how different transcription factors cooperate to regulate gene expression. Explain how proteins can bind to specific DNA sequences; define the major a ...
... Explain how eukaryotic gene expression is regulated at multiple levels; describe the structure of the eukaryotic operon, define its elements; explain how different transcription factors cooperate to regulate gene expression. Explain how proteins can bind to specific DNA sequences; define the major a ...
Ribosome biogenesis and cell growth: mTOR coordinates
... in all tissues. Interestingly, all functional RP genes as well as many proteins implicated in rRNA processing and ribosome assembly are transcriptionally co-regulated as ‘Ribi regulons’ by the same set of cis- and/or trans-acting factors. Members of the ‘Ribi regulon’ share a polypyrimidine tract, t ...
... in all tissues. Interestingly, all functional RP genes as well as many proteins implicated in rRNA processing and ribosome assembly are transcriptionally co-regulated as ‘Ribi regulons’ by the same set of cis- and/or trans-acting factors. Members of the ‘Ribi regulon’ share a polypyrimidine tract, t ...
PDF
... Developmental gene enhancers are marked by the presence of H3K27me3 and H3K4me1, but not H3K27ac. Despite the presence of CBP/p300, these enhancers are incapable of promoting gene activation in pluripotent cells, but will do so during differentiation, upon the loss of enhancer H3K27me3 marks (Rada-I ...
... Developmental gene enhancers are marked by the presence of H3K27me3 and H3K4me1, but not H3K27ac. Despite the presence of CBP/p300, these enhancers are incapable of promoting gene activation in pluripotent cells, but will do so during differentiation, upon the loss of enhancer H3K27me3 marks (Rada-I ...
An overview of E. coli expression systems
... E.g. CGT, CGC, CGG, AGG, AGA, CGA code for arginine, but the last 3 (AGG, AGA, CGA) are rarely used in E. coli and it has low amounts of respective tRNAs. ...
... E.g. CGT, CGC, CGG, AGG, AGA, CGA code for arginine, but the last 3 (AGG, AGA, CGA) are rarely used in E. coli and it has low amounts of respective tRNAs. ...
12.1 Mechanisms regulating enzyme synthesis 12.1.2.2 Enzyme
... The regulatory gene (lacI) next to the 5’ end of the operon is expressed constitutively with its own promoter. In the absence of the inducer, the LacI protein binds the operator region of the lac operon, inhibiting RNA polymerase from binding the promoter region. When the inducer (lactose or I ...
... The regulatory gene (lacI) next to the 5’ end of the operon is expressed constitutively with its own promoter. In the absence of the inducer, the LacI protein binds the operator region of the lac operon, inhibiting RNA polymerase from binding the promoter region. When the inducer (lactose or I ...
Chromatin and the genome integrity network
... the search might extend to the entire genome if a sister chromatid was not available27,28. Remarkably, in vitro studies with recombinant chromatin fibres and purified budding yeast or human RAD51 demonstrated that a homology search can be completed when the homologous sequence is positioned on the s ...
... the search might extend to the entire genome if a sister chromatid was not available27,28. Remarkably, in vitro studies with recombinant chromatin fibres and purified budding yeast or human RAD51 demonstrated that a homology search can be completed when the homologous sequence is positioned on the s ...
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
... messenger that is important in many biological processes. cAMP is derived from ATP and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP dependent pathway. In humans, cyclic AMP works by activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Cyclic AMP binds to spec ...
... messenger that is important in many biological processes. cAMP is derived from ATP and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP dependent pathway. In humans, cyclic AMP works by activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Cyclic AMP binds to spec ...
Receptors
... highly conserved Both the A/B domains and E/F domains have transcriptional activity Different steroid receptors are continually being discovered ...
... highly conserved Both the A/B domains and E/F domains have transcriptional activity Different steroid receptors are continually being discovered ...
Identification of a novel cis-acting element for fibroblast
... predominantly seen in fibroblasts (65), we began looking for the cis-acting elements responsible for restricting transcription to these cells. Figure 1 shows a restriction map of the murine FSP1 gene. In the first set of constructs (Fig. 1A), a series of luciferase reporters (L) were assembled using ...
... predominantly seen in fibroblasts (65), we began looking for the cis-acting elements responsible for restricting transcription to these cells. Figure 1 shows a restriction map of the murine FSP1 gene. In the first set of constructs (Fig. 1A), a series of luciferase reporters (L) were assembled using ...
No Slide Title
... The even-skipped (eve) stripes: a model to study how transcriptional regulation establishes positional information ...
... The even-skipped (eve) stripes: a model to study how transcriptional regulation establishes positional information ...
Transcription termination control in bacteria Tina M Henkin
... repeats in the leader regions of its target genes. TRAP binding blocks formation of an antiterminator, allowing formation of a competing intrinsic terminator stem-loop. The crystal structure of the TRAP–RNA complex revealed an elegant arrangement in which the RNA is wrapped around the TRAP wheel wit ...
... repeats in the leader regions of its target genes. TRAP binding blocks formation of an antiterminator, allowing formation of a competing intrinsic terminator stem-loop. The crystal structure of the TRAP–RNA complex revealed an elegant arrangement in which the RNA is wrapped around the TRAP wheel wit ...
Stem Cell - Active Motif
... post-translational epigenetic events that modulate gene expression. These stochastic events set the epigenetic landscape within the cell by creating global changes that define regulatory networks, chromatin rearrangements, and the positioning of nuclear domains that determine the accessibility and t ...
... post-translational epigenetic events that modulate gene expression. These stochastic events set the epigenetic landscape within the cell by creating global changes that define regulatory networks, chromatin rearrangements, and the positioning of nuclear domains that determine the accessibility and t ...
Linker histone H1 in early mouse embryogenesis
... In the sea urchin, maternal cleavage stage histones are present until the third cell cycle, and the cleavage stage linker histone has a high homology to Xenopus histone B4 (Mandl et al., 1997). However, it remains questionable whether this feature can be extended to early embryogenesis in general, o ...
... In the sea urchin, maternal cleavage stage histones are present until the third cell cycle, and the cleavage stage linker histone has a high homology to Xenopus histone B4 (Mandl et al., 1997). However, it remains questionable whether this feature can be extended to early embryogenesis in general, o ...
Multiple pathways contribute to nuclear import of core histones
... remains to be seen if Imp9 mediates nuclear import of TBP in higher eukaryotic cells. Besides Imp9, also Impβ, transportin, Imp5 and Imp7 directly interacted with core histones and all of these factors supported core histone import in vitro, although to differing extents. Impβ is an exceptional tran ...
... remains to be seen if Imp9 mediates nuclear import of TBP in higher eukaryotic cells. Besides Imp9, also Impβ, transportin, Imp5 and Imp7 directly interacted with core histones and all of these factors supported core histone import in vitro, although to differing extents. Impβ is an exceptional tran ...
Structural and functional characterization of the promoter regions of
... hi order to map the region containing the initiation of transcription site(s) we performed RNase protection analysis, using riboprobes spanning parts of exons la and lb and their 5' flanking regions (see Fig. 3A and B). RNA was obtained from HeLa cells under basal conditions and after treatment with ...
... hi order to map the region containing the initiation of transcription site(s) we performed RNase protection analysis, using riboprobes spanning parts of exons la and lb and their 5' flanking regions (see Fig. 3A and B). RNA was obtained from HeLa cells under basal conditions and after treatment with ...
J. Keith Joung, MD, PhD - Massachusetts General Hospital
... optimized molecular tools for customized genome editing that enable scientists to alter the DNA sequence of a living cell—from fruit flies to humans—with great precision. These technologies are based on proteins engineered to recognize and cleave specific genomic sequences. We also use these targeti ...
... optimized molecular tools for customized genome editing that enable scientists to alter the DNA sequence of a living cell—from fruit flies to humans—with great precision. These technologies are based on proteins engineered to recognize and cleave specific genomic sequences. We also use these targeti ...
Retrotransposons Regulate Host Genes in Mouse Oocytes and
... 3. Origin of Chimeric Transcripts Chimeric transcripts were missing all exons located upstream of TEs and usually lacked one or more conventional 5’ exons when the TE was located up stream of the gene locus Chimeric transcripts were used to determine (1)whether there was evidence that such transcri ...
... 3. Origin of Chimeric Transcripts Chimeric transcripts were missing all exons located upstream of TEs and usually lacked one or more conventional 5’ exons when the TE was located up stream of the gene locus Chimeric transcripts were used to determine (1)whether there was evidence that such transcri ...
functional protein
... 1. Compare the organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. 2. Describe the current model for progressive levels of DNA packing. 3. Explain how histones influence folding in eukaryotic DNA. 4. Distinguish between heterochromatin and euchromatin. 5. Using the Barr body as an example, describe ...
... 1. Compare the organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. 2. Describe the current model for progressive levels of DNA packing. 3. Explain how histones influence folding in eukaryotic DNA. 4. Distinguish between heterochromatin and euchromatin. 5. Using the Barr body as an example, describe ...
Gene Expression
... i. Proteins that recognize DNA (transcription factors) 1. Multisubunit RNA Polymerase is one big transcription factor 2. There are other proteins that help to either activate or repress transcription b. DNA is organized into genes, but there are higher orders of organization where multiple gens are ...
... i. Proteins that recognize DNA (transcription factors) 1. Multisubunit RNA Polymerase is one big transcription factor 2. There are other proteins that help to either activate or repress transcription b. DNA is organized into genes, but there are higher orders of organization where multiple gens are ...
B Ca(2+)
... Supplementary information for Mackler, Drummond, Loewen, Robinson, & Reist, “The C2B Ca2+-Binding Motif of Synaptotagmin is Required for Synaptic Transmission In Vivo.” ...
... Supplementary information for Mackler, Drummond, Loewen, Robinson, & Reist, “The C2B Ca2+-Binding Motif of Synaptotagmin is Required for Synaptic Transmission In Vivo.” ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.