![tnf-alpha stimulated activation of mmp](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/019889773_1-c4fad4478eb7e3c02b0e5a6d16b59e06-300x300.png)
tnf-alpha stimulated activation of mmp
... induced a rapid and transient increase in Egr-1 mRNA by 0.5h which returned to baseline following 8h. A corresponding increase in levels of Egr-1 protein was detected, which peaked by 2h of TNF treatment and returned to basal levels by 24h. Selective blockade of the ERK pathway prevented TNF -induce ...
... induced a rapid and transient increase in Egr-1 mRNA by 0.5h which returned to baseline following 8h. A corresponding increase in levels of Egr-1 protein was detected, which peaked by 2h of TNF treatment and returned to basal levels by 24h. Selective blockade of the ERK pathway prevented TNF -induce ...
Transcription
... WHICH CAME FIRST, THE chicken or the egg? The biological silences have a variation: which came first, DNA or protein? You see, among the many tasks performed by proteins is assembling DNA molecules. But DNA contains the information needed to make proteins. So which came first? ...
... WHICH CAME FIRST, THE chicken or the egg? The biological silences have a variation: which came first, DNA or protein? You see, among the many tasks performed by proteins is assembling DNA molecules. But DNA contains the information needed to make proteins. So which came first? ...
Chapter 17 Presentation Transcription Translation and Gene
... In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to the promoter on the DNA associated with sigma factor proteins and immediately begins synthesizing mRNA. In eukaryotes, a group of proteins called transcription factors are needed for the binding of the RNA polymerase and the initiation of transc ...
... In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to the promoter on the DNA associated with sigma factor proteins and immediately begins synthesizing mRNA. In eukaryotes, a group of proteins called transcription factors are needed for the binding of the RNA polymerase and the initiation of transc ...
Gene - Hal
... was not detected in a number of tissues (i.e. brain and heart; Lemercier et al., 1997), we first verified that endogenous Mist1 was expressed in these two cell lines by testing for the presence of Mist1 mRNA and protein. Mist1 mRNA (3.6 kb) was detected in both cell types by Northern blot, indicatin ...
... was not detected in a number of tissues (i.e. brain and heart; Lemercier et al., 1997), we first verified that endogenous Mist1 was expressed in these two cell lines by testing for the presence of Mist1 mRNA and protein. Mist1 mRNA (3.6 kb) was detected in both cell types by Northern blot, indicatin ...
video slide
... • 1. What might happen if an organism had its cells expressing all genes within the genome all the time? • 2. At what levels can control of cellular activities/pathways be controlled? • 3. Based on our discussions up to this point, what do you think the term “negative feedback” means? • 4. What step ...
... • 1. What might happen if an organism had its cells expressing all genes within the genome all the time? • 2. At what levels can control of cellular activities/pathways be controlled? • 3. Based on our discussions up to this point, what do you think the term “negative feedback” means? • 4. What step ...
Using Gene Expression Noise to Understand Gene Regulation
... Phenotypic variation is ubiquitous in biology and is often traceable to underlying genetic and environmental variation. However, even genetically identical cells in identical environments display variable phenotypes. Stochastic gene expression, or gene expression “noise,” has been suggested as a maj ...
... Phenotypic variation is ubiquitous in biology and is often traceable to underlying genetic and environmental variation. However, even genetically identical cells in identical environments display variable phenotypes. Stochastic gene expression, or gene expression “noise,” has been suggested as a maj ...
Transcription
... Introns typically begin with 5’-GU, and end with AG3’, but more than just these sequences is needed to specify a junction between exon and intron. The removal of the introns is called RNA splicing and it involves a complex called spliceosomes. A spliceosome consists of the preRNA and a group of prot ...
... Introns typically begin with 5’-GU, and end with AG3’, but more than just these sequences is needed to specify a junction between exon and intron. The removal of the introns is called RNA splicing and it involves a complex called spliceosomes. A spliceosome consists of the preRNA and a group of prot ...
Minireview
... required to drive chromosome condensation during mitosis but recent knockout and knockdown experiments have demonstrated that condensins are not required for the large-scale compaction process but are needed to stabilize the highly condensed state (reviewed by Belmont, 2006). Indeed, this may be an ...
... required to drive chromosome condensation during mitosis but recent knockout and knockdown experiments have demonstrated that condensins are not required for the large-scale compaction process but are needed to stabilize the highly condensed state (reviewed by Belmont, 2006). Indeed, this may be an ...
Recombinant Protein L
... Protein L has the unique ability to bind through kappa light chain interactions without interfering with the antibody’s antigen-binding site. This gives Protein L the ability to bind a wider range of Ig classes and subclasses than other antibody-binding proteins. Protein L can be used to detect, qua ...
... Protein L has the unique ability to bind through kappa light chain interactions without interfering with the antibody’s antigen-binding site. This gives Protein L the ability to bind a wider range of Ig classes and subclasses than other antibody-binding proteins. Protein L can be used to detect, qua ...
Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action
... the ligand-bound state, these receptors specifically bind to and modulate the activity of target gene promoters. On the basis of the amino acid similarities in different portions of the protein, a typical glucocorticosteroid receptor can be divided into six regions – A, B, C, D, E and F4. All member ...
... the ligand-bound state, these receptors specifically bind to and modulate the activity of target gene promoters. On the basis of the amino acid similarities in different portions of the protein, a typical glucocorticosteroid receptor can be divided into six regions – A, B, C, D, E and F4. All member ...
Co-operative roles for DNA supercoiling and nucleoid
... Figure 1 The OmpR protein regulates virulence gene expression in Salmonella The EnvZ histidine protein kinase is associated with the cytoplasmic membrane of the Gram-negative bacterium from where it can transmit environmental signals to its OmpR partner via protein phosphorylation. The OmpR protein ...
... Figure 1 The OmpR protein regulates virulence gene expression in Salmonella The EnvZ histidine protein kinase is associated with the cytoplasmic membrane of the Gram-negative bacterium from where it can transmit environmental signals to its OmpR partner via protein phosphorylation. The OmpR protein ...
Chapter 8
... • Mutations in these sequences affect promoter function. • The σ subunit binds to both regions. ...
... • Mutations in these sequences affect promoter function. • The σ subunit binds to both regions. ...
DNA-Bound Fos Proteins Activate Transcription in Yeast
... bind to the promoter regions of specific genes and activate or repress their transcription. There is some evidence that supports this idea. Both Fos and Myc proteins reportedly cause “transactivation,” respectively stimulating transcription of transiently expressed transfected mouse al collagen and ...
... bind to the promoter regions of specific genes and activate or repress their transcription. There is some evidence that supports this idea. Both Fos and Myc proteins reportedly cause “transactivation,” respectively stimulating transcription of transiently expressed transfected mouse al collagen and ...
MyoD as a gatekeeper to cell cycle progression
... Movement through the cell cycle is a highly coordinated process. A major mechanism of regulating this progression is the timely transcriptional activation of genes involved in each phase of the cell cycle. During development, MyoD directs cells fated for myoblast lineage to exit the cell cycle and b ...
... Movement through the cell cycle is a highly coordinated process. A major mechanism of regulating this progression is the timely transcriptional activation of genes involved in each phase of the cell cycle. During development, MyoD directs cells fated for myoblast lineage to exit the cell cycle and b ...
Cell cycle control by ubiquitylation
... A. Ubiquitin-protein ligases (also known as E3s) act at the last step of a three-enzyme cascade involving the ubiquitin-activating (E1) and ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzymes. ...
... A. Ubiquitin-protein ligases (also known as E3s) act at the last step of a three-enzyme cascade involving the ubiquitin-activating (E1) and ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzymes. ...
Infrequently transcribed long genes depend on
... Hediger and Gasser 2006). Therefore, defining the purpose of particular histone codes based merely on their physical presence is highly risky without rigorous functional investigation. Two of the best characterized histone transcriptional marks are methylation of histone H3 at Lys 4 (K4me) and at Ly ...
... Hediger and Gasser 2006). Therefore, defining the purpose of particular histone codes based merely on their physical presence is highly risky without rigorous functional investigation. Two of the best characterized histone transcriptional marks are methylation of histone H3 at Lys 4 (K4me) and at Ly ...
Prediction of protein disorder: basic concepts and practical hints
... Disordered protein complexes • Interaction sites are usually linear ...
... Disordered protein complexes • Interaction sites are usually linear ...
The control of gene expression
... The control of gene expression enables individual bacteria to adjust their metabolism to environmental change Genes switch on and off as conditions in the intracellular environment change. Bacterial cells have two main ways of controlling metabolism: 1. Regulation of enzyme activity. The catalytic a ...
... The control of gene expression enables individual bacteria to adjust their metabolism to environmental change Genes switch on and off as conditions in the intracellular environment change. Bacterial cells have two main ways of controlling metabolism: 1. Regulation of enzyme activity. The catalytic a ...
Document
... •Required but not a part of the RNA polymerase complex •Many different roles in gene regulation Binding Interaction Initiation Enhancing Repressing •Various structural classes (eg. zinc finger domains) •Consist of both a DNA-binding domain and an interactive domain ...
... •Required but not a part of the RNA polymerase complex •Many different roles in gene regulation Binding Interaction Initiation Enhancing Repressing •Various structural classes (eg. zinc finger domains) •Consist of both a DNA-binding domain and an interactive domain ...
Document
... measure amount of a specific RNA exists in a particular cell or tissue at particular time. Differences in a gene’s RNA levels detected by these assays DO NOT reveal what causes the RNA levels differ. Nuclear run-on transcription assay measures ongoing rate of a gene’s transcription at a particular r ...
... measure amount of a specific RNA exists in a particular cell or tissue at particular time. Differences in a gene’s RNA levels detected by these assays DO NOT reveal what causes the RNA levels differ. Nuclear run-on transcription assay measures ongoing rate of a gene’s transcription at a particular r ...
Slide 1
... cell's apparent replication, transcription The prophage is duplicated with every cellallow. division of the host. to produce as many phage particles assubsequent cell resources The phage genes expressed in this dormant state code for proteins that repress expression of other phage genes. the phage w ...
... cell's apparent replication, transcription The prophage is duplicated with every cellallow. division of the host. to produce as many phage particles assubsequent cell resources The phage genes expressed in this dormant state code for proteins that repress expression of other phage genes. the phage w ...
Metallothionein functions and structural characteristics
... pathological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases [22] and senescence [23]; it is not surprising that MT expression varies extensively in several diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases: Cu(II)-binding amyloid-b peptides and the production of ROS have been reported to play a significant role ...
... pathological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases [22] and senescence [23]; it is not surprising that MT expression varies extensively in several diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases: Cu(II)-binding amyloid-b peptides and the production of ROS have been reported to play a significant role ...
domain_rearrangement..
... • Adaptor domains – transmit the signal from the receptor domains to the enzyme domains. The adaptor domains may transmit the signal under some circumstances but not others, allowing more complex regulation of the process. The adaptor domains are usually but not always intracellular. • Enzyme domain ...
... • Adaptor domains – transmit the signal from the receptor domains to the enzyme domains. The adaptor domains may transmit the signal under some circumstances but not others, allowing more complex regulation of the process. The adaptor domains are usually but not always intracellular. • Enzyme domain ...
Transcription – Gene regulation
... the gene at a site called the core promoter, while associated activators bind to enhancer regions farther upstream of the gene to rev up transcription. ...
... the gene at a site called the core promoter, while associated activators bind to enhancer regions farther upstream of the gene to rev up transcription. ...
Transcription in Bacteria
... The σ factor is responsible for decreasing the nonspecific binding affinity of the RNA polymerase. The sequence, structure, and function are evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans. ...
... The σ factor is responsible for decreasing the nonspecific binding affinity of the RNA polymerase. The sequence, structure, and function are evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans. ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nucleosome_1KX5_colour_coded.png?width=300)
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.