Untitled
... (snoRNAs) take part in the processing of rRNA. 5. Small RNA molecules are also found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; (small cytoplasmic RNAs (scRNAs). 6. microRNAs and small interfering RNAs (A class of very small RNA), are found in bacteria and eukaryotic cells and carry out RNA interference ...
... (snoRNAs) take part in the processing of rRNA. 5. Small RNA molecules are also found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; (small cytoplasmic RNAs (scRNAs). 6. microRNAs and small interfering RNAs (A class of very small RNA), are found in bacteria and eukaryotic cells and carry out RNA interference ...
Supplementary Figure 1. Current definitive endoderm (DE
... Time course of laminin specific subunits ITGA6 (CD49f) during hESC (H1, H9, HUES1) to DE (n=3). (b) Representative flow cytometry histograms of cell surface protein expression of laminin specific subunits ITGA6 (CD49f) and ITGB1 (CD29) in hESCs and DE. (c) Quantification of percentage of cell surfac ...
... Time course of laminin specific subunits ITGA6 (CD49f) during hESC (H1, H9, HUES1) to DE (n=3). (b) Representative flow cytometry histograms of cell surface protein expression of laminin specific subunits ITGA6 (CD49f) and ITGB1 (CD29) in hESCs and DE. (c) Quantification of percentage of cell surfac ...
Document
... • Methylation (the addition of –CH3) of DNA or histone proteins is associated with the control of gene expression. • Clusters of methylated cytosine nucleotides bind to a protein that prevents activators from binding to DNA. • Methylated histone proteins are associated with inactive regions of chrom ...
... • Methylation (the addition of –CH3) of DNA or histone proteins is associated with the control of gene expression. • Clusters of methylated cytosine nucleotides bind to a protein that prevents activators from binding to DNA. • Methylated histone proteins are associated with inactive regions of chrom ...
Protein Degradation
... A simpler archaebacterial cap complex called PAN consists only of a hexameric ring of AAA ATPases, comparable to the base of the 19S regulatory cap. PAN, in the presence of ATP, was found to cause opening of a gate at the end of the 20S proteasome through which an unfolded protein could enter. The ...
... A simpler archaebacterial cap complex called PAN consists only of a hexameric ring of AAA ATPases, comparable to the base of the 19S regulatory cap. PAN, in the presence of ATP, was found to cause opening of a gate at the end of the 20S proteasome through which an unfolded protein could enter. The ...
Issues in predicting protein function from sequence
... accurate for genes found in completely sequenced genomes. Even for such genomes, past lineage-speci®c deletions of paralogous genes can result in paralogues falsely being predicted as orthologues. Additional complexities in assignment arise from complete genome, or largescale gene, duplications that ...
... accurate for genes found in completely sequenced genomes. Even for such genomes, past lineage-speci®c deletions of paralogous genes can result in paralogues falsely being predicted as orthologues. Additional complexities in assignment arise from complete genome, or largescale gene, duplications that ...
The lac Operon - kyoussef-mci
... Cell Specialization each cell of a multicellular eukaryote expresses only a small fraction of its genes Development different genes needed at different points in life cycle of an organism ...
... Cell Specialization each cell of a multicellular eukaryote expresses only a small fraction of its genes Development different genes needed at different points in life cycle of an organism ...
Genome Biology and
... – The use of CHIP and DNA microarrays to define the genomic binding sites of the SBF and MBF transcription factors in vivo – The SBF and MBF transcription factors are active in the initiation of the cell division cycle (G1/S) in yeast • A few target genes of SBF and MBF are known but the precise rol ...
... – The use of CHIP and DNA microarrays to define the genomic binding sites of the SBF and MBF transcription factors in vivo – The SBF and MBF transcription factors are active in the initiation of the cell division cycle (G1/S) in yeast • A few target genes of SBF and MBF are known but the precise rol ...
No Slide Title
... • The potential S-allyl CSase and the SATase are expressed in most tissues examined. • The cytosolic CSase is root specific. ...
... • The potential S-allyl CSase and the SATase are expressed in most tissues examined. • The cytosolic CSase is root specific. ...
pdf full text
... standard deviation and mean expression level. Extrinsic noise: gene-independent fluctuations in gene expression levels, attributed to environmental fluctuations such as the number of available Pol II molecules per nucleus. Gap genes: class of genes that orchestrate anterior–posterior patterning in t ...
... standard deviation and mean expression level. Extrinsic noise: gene-independent fluctuations in gene expression levels, attributed to environmental fluctuations such as the number of available Pol II molecules per nucleus. Gap genes: class of genes that orchestrate anterior–posterior patterning in t ...
24.8 brief comms MH - Department of Entomology
... mrg-1 (a chromo-domain protein) (see supplementary information). The fact that these genes are all involved in chromatin remodelling suggests that the inheritance of RNAi-induced phenotypes is due to silencing at the transcriptional level. It may be that this is achieved by modification of specific ...
... mrg-1 (a chromo-domain protein) (see supplementary information). The fact that these genes are all involved in chromatin remodelling suggests that the inheritance of RNAi-induced phenotypes is due to silencing at the transcriptional level. It may be that this is achieved by modification of specific ...
What is Bioinformatics? A Proposed Definition and Overview of the Field
... Normally, orthologues retain the same function while paralogues evolve distinct, but related functions [36]. An important concept that arises from these observations is that of a finite “parts list” for different organisms [37-39]: an inventory of proteins contained within an organism, arranged acco ...
... Normally, orthologues retain the same function while paralogues evolve distinct, but related functions [36]. An important concept that arises from these observations is that of a finite “parts list” for different organisms [37-39]: an inventory of proteins contained within an organism, arranged acco ...
title page
... Protein of unknown function, mediates sensitivity to salt stress; interacts physically with the splicing factor Msl1p and also displays genetic interaction with MSL1 NUP120 Subunit of the Nup84p subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), required for even YKL057c distribution of NPCs around the n ...
... Protein of unknown function, mediates sensitivity to salt stress; interacts physically with the splicing factor Msl1p and also displays genetic interaction with MSL1 NUP120 Subunit of the Nup84p subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), required for even YKL057c distribution of NPCs around the n ...
SH3 Domain Boundary Determination Based on Fungal
... visualized using the Jalview software [1]. Intuitively, one would expect to see greater sequence homology in regions encoding orthologous SH3 domains and higher sequence divergence in adjacent, nonconserved regions. Aligning Bem1p orthologues from several fungal species revealed a highly conserved 5 ...
... visualized using the Jalview software [1]. Intuitively, one would expect to see greater sequence homology in regions encoding orthologous SH3 domains and higher sequence divergence in adjacent, nonconserved regions. Aligning Bem1p orthologues from several fungal species revealed a highly conserved 5 ...
Chromatin Dynamics during Lytic Infection with Herpes Simplex
... for a total of 200 bp and ~2 turns. The linear chain of nucleosomes is then folded into complex higher order structures to form the chromatin fibers. Chromatin is essential to compact the long eukaryotic genomic DNA to fit within the cell nucleus. For example, the more than 1m of human genomic DNA i ...
... for a total of 200 bp and ~2 turns. The linear chain of nucleosomes is then folded into complex higher order structures to form the chromatin fibers. Chromatin is essential to compact the long eukaryotic genomic DNA to fit within the cell nucleus. For example, the more than 1m of human genomic DNA i ...
Post-translational Modifications and Their
... thought as a linear polymer decorated with simple modification, however, very complicated modifications in one protein are lately discovered in many processes. A variety of chemical modifications have been observed in a protein and these modifications alone or in various combinations occur time- and ...
... thought as a linear polymer decorated with simple modification, however, very complicated modifications in one protein are lately discovered in many processes. A variety of chemical modifications have been observed in a protein and these modifications alone or in various combinations occur time- and ...
SP1 Protein production order form
... SP3: Drug discovery and design These are outlined in the boxes to the right. In SP1 (Protein production) NorStruct offers unique opportunities for subcloning, small and pilot scale expressions (up to 10 L) and purification, in addition to protein expression optimization and refolding. The subcloning ...
... SP3: Drug discovery and design These are outlined in the boxes to the right. In SP1 (Protein production) NorStruct offers unique opportunities for subcloning, small and pilot scale expressions (up to 10 L) and purification, in addition to protein expression optimization and refolding. The subcloning ...
Boolean models of gene regulatory networks
... Each triple of RNA bases codes for an amino acid. The result is a protein: a long chain of amino acids. Proteins fold into a 3-D shape which determine their function ...
... Each triple of RNA bases codes for an amino acid. The result is a protein: a long chain of amino acids. Proteins fold into a 3-D shape which determine their function ...
Review Article
... which may serve as the signal for the rapid degradation and Swi6 proteins are involved in the post-translational of CLN gene products after the onset of DNA replication regulation of Cln3 activity (Nasmyth & Dirick, 1991). (Wittenberg et al., 1990), offering another level of Thus, five putative GI c ...
... which may serve as the signal for the rapid degradation and Swi6 proteins are involved in the post-translational of CLN gene products after the onset of DNA replication regulation of Cln3 activity (Nasmyth & Dirick, 1991). (Wittenberg et al., 1990), offering another level of Thus, five putative GI c ...
Transcription
... • Requires terminator sequences. – Rho-independent termination. These sequences consists of sequences with a two-fold symmetry that makes a hairpin loop, followed by 4-8 AT basepairs, leading to termination when encountered. – Rho-dependent termination. These sequences lack AT string and many cannot ...
... • Requires terminator sequences. – Rho-independent termination. These sequences consists of sequences with a two-fold symmetry that makes a hairpin loop, followed by 4-8 AT basepairs, leading to termination when encountered. – Rho-dependent termination. These sequences lack AT string and many cannot ...
interpreted as a demonstration of a biologically significant protein
... (specific activity discussed below), 2 mM DTT, 100 mM NaC1, 12 mM MgC12, and 10 mM NaF. Labeling is initiated upon adding cAMP-dependent protein kinase (0.008 U kinase/nmol PK protein) and shifted to 37°. After 10 rain at 37°, the reaction is stopped on addition of 30 mM EDTA (final concentration). ...
... (specific activity discussed below), 2 mM DTT, 100 mM NaC1, 12 mM MgC12, and 10 mM NaF. Labeling is initiated upon adding cAMP-dependent protein kinase (0.008 U kinase/nmol PK protein) and shifted to 37°. After 10 rain at 37°, the reaction is stopped on addition of 30 mM EDTA (final concentration). ...
Identification of cAMP-dependent phosphorylated proteins involved
... The tails of the histone proteins including histone H4 can be epigenetically modified by acetylation, methylation, or phosphorylation. It is known that histone phosphorylation is involved in diverse nuclear events such as DNA damage repair, transcription regulation, and apoptosis-induced chromatin c ...
... The tails of the histone proteins including histone H4 can be epigenetically modified by acetylation, methylation, or phosphorylation. It is known that histone phosphorylation is involved in diverse nuclear events such as DNA damage repair, transcription regulation, and apoptosis-induced chromatin c ...
Sp3 Represses Gene Expression via the Titration of Promoter
... The DHFR, p21, and MDR-1 Promoters Possess Distinct Sensitivities to Sp-mediated Trans-activation and Repression—We have shown previously that Sp1 and Sp3 stimulate transcription of the DHFR promoter and that Sp1/Sp3-mediated transcription is repressed by two isoforms of Sp3, termed M1 and M2, that ...
... The DHFR, p21, and MDR-1 Promoters Possess Distinct Sensitivities to Sp-mediated Trans-activation and Repression—We have shown previously that Sp1 and Sp3 stimulate transcription of the DHFR promoter and that Sp1/Sp3-mediated transcription is repressed by two isoforms of Sp3, termed M1 and M2, that ...
Chromatin-based Temporal Clustering of Enhancers in Developing Fly Embryos
... The protein Zelda was shown to have a key role during early embryonic development in Drosophila. Prior to MZT, Zelda binds thousands of promoters and enhancers, and marks them for transcriptional activation [Harrison et al, 2011]. Recently, we showed that Zelda acts through specific chromatin patter ...
... The protein Zelda was shown to have a key role during early embryonic development in Drosophila. Prior to MZT, Zelda binds thousands of promoters and enhancers, and marks them for transcriptional activation [Harrison et al, 2011]. Recently, we showed that Zelda acts through specific chromatin patter ...
Biology 6B
... (active repressor) when arabinose is not bound to it. AraC binds to both araI and araO creating a looped DNA structure that prevents RNA polymerase from attaching to the promoter. AraC is a positive regulator (enhancing transcription) when it binds to arabinose. The arabinose + araC product complex ...
... (active repressor) when arabinose is not bound to it. AraC binds to both araI and araO creating a looped DNA structure that prevents RNA polymerase from attaching to the promoter. AraC is a positive regulator (enhancing transcription) when it binds to arabinose. The arabinose + araC product complex ...
presentation Prof Khwaja
... What can we learn from the identification of specific molecular abnormalities in malignant disease? ...
... What can we learn from the identification of specific molecular abnormalities in malignant disease? ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.