Linking reward expectation to behavior in the basal ganglia
... can have strong effects on behavior. Although signals related to reward have been found in numerous brain regions, how these signals are used by the circuits that control action is unknown. A recent study suggests that neurons in the caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia could play a role in transfor ...
... can have strong effects on behavior. Although signals related to reward have been found in numerous brain regions, how these signals are used by the circuits that control action is unknown. A recent study suggests that neurons in the caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia could play a role in transfor ...
A Feedback Model of Visual Attention
... areas to higher cortical regions. In addition to this feedforward transmission of information, feedback connections convey information in the reverse direction and lateral connections integrate information across the visual field (Lamme et al., 1998; Lamme and Roelfsema, 2000). Feedforward and feedb ...
... areas to higher cortical regions. In addition to this feedforward transmission of information, feedback connections convey information in the reverse direction and lateral connections integrate information across the visual field (Lamme et al., 1998; Lamme and Roelfsema, 2000). Feedforward and feedb ...
Full Article - CIHR Research Group in Sensory
... the dSC. Data are plotted as the cumulative probability of the differences between the mean response elicited in the Valid condition subtracted from that in the Invalid condition on a neuron-by-neuron basis. The majority of neurons showed stronger responses in the Invalid condition, as indicated by ...
... the dSC. Data are plotted as the cumulative probability of the differences between the mean response elicited in the Valid condition subtracted from that in the Invalid condition on a neuron-by-neuron basis. The majority of neurons showed stronger responses in the Invalid condition, as indicated by ...
Human Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Visual Cortex Respond to
... In the face paradigm, a periodic activity was observed in Patient 1 at G2 and G3 contacts. Its frequency was 60Hz, which was the video refresh rate for this paradigm. The oscillations were present only when the face stimulus was on, and they disappeared during the black screen period (Fig 4). They w ...
... In the face paradigm, a periodic activity was observed in Patient 1 at G2 and G3 contacts. Its frequency was 60Hz, which was the video refresh rate for this paradigm. The oscillations were present only when the face stimulus was on, and they disappeared during the black screen period (Fig 4). They w ...
Neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex
... The senses of humans and other highly evolved animals are an evolutionary success story. In the visual system of primates, as many as 1.5 million axons exit the retina, supplying a wealth of detailed information about the visual environment. Yet at any given moment, much of this information is behav ...
... The senses of humans and other highly evolved animals are an evolutionary success story. In the visual system of primates, as many as 1.5 million axons exit the retina, supplying a wealth of detailed information about the visual environment. Yet at any given moment, much of this information is behav ...
Comparing neuronal and behavioral thresholds
... Earlier studies in primates have found neurons in the dorsal division of the medial superior temporal area that are tuned for spiral direction [2,3], in a similar manner as middle temporal neurons are tuned for the direction of linear motion [4]. These neurons may play an important role in optic flo ...
... Earlier studies in primates have found neurons in the dorsal division of the medial superior temporal area that are tuned for spiral direction [2,3], in a similar manner as middle temporal neurons are tuned for the direction of linear motion [4]. These neurons may play an important role in optic flo ...
The Receptive Fields of Inferior Temporal Cortex Neurons in Natural
... the delivery of a taste reward, and the other of which if touched led to the delivery of aversive saline. The two objects were shown in a random sequence in plain backgrounds or complex natural scenes. In this second block of trials, a noneffective stimulus for the cell was normally the target, so t ...
... the delivery of a taste reward, and the other of which if touched led to the delivery of aversive saline. The two objects were shown in a random sequence in plain backgrounds or complex natural scenes. In this second block of trials, a noneffective stimulus for the cell was normally the target, so t ...
input output - Brian Nils Lundstrom
... in each case we found the result to be insignificantly different from 0.15. This suggests that for rat neocortical pyramidal neurons, we can use Eq. (1) with α = 0.15 to predict neuronal responses to arbitrary stimuli waveforms x(t). One example is shown in Figure 9, where we see that α = 0.15 well ...
... in each case we found the result to be insignificantly different from 0.15. This suggests that for rat neocortical pyramidal neurons, we can use Eq. (1) with α = 0.15 to predict neuronal responses to arbitrary stimuli waveforms x(t). One example is shown in Figure 9, where we see that α = 0.15 well ...
Chapter 4 monkey
... have been investigated in a task in which randomly moving dots indicated to the monkey which of the two targets was to be selected for an eye movement (Kim and Shadlen 1999; Roitman and Shadlen 2002). These studies investigated saccade target selection (decisions) in the presence of stochastic and u ...
... have been investigated in a task in which randomly moving dots indicated to the monkey which of the two targets was to be selected for an eye movement (Kim and Shadlen 1999; Roitman and Shadlen 2002). These studies investigated saccade target selection (decisions) in the presence of stochastic and u ...
EN Sokolov`s Neural Model of Stimuli as Neuro
... and react to certain physical impacts of stimuli as signals. Receptors are in turn associated with selective detectors – neurons selectively responding to certain stimuli – and this connection can be either direct or, as shown, mediated by the predetectors. Selective detectors operate by the followi ...
... and react to certain physical impacts of stimuli as signals. Receptors are in turn associated with selective detectors – neurons selectively responding to certain stimuli – and this connection can be either direct or, as shown, mediated by the predetectors. Selective detectors operate by the followi ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... with a mid-gray field of equal mean luminance. Voxels with correlations above a liberal threshold (r \0.23 with 0–9 s time lag) were included in further analyses. This correlation threshold of r\0.23 corresponds to a PB 0.025 (one-tailed) significance level with n =72 given that the 72 points in the ...
... with a mid-gray field of equal mean luminance. Voxels with correlations above a liberal threshold (r \0.23 with 0–9 s time lag) were included in further analyses. This correlation threshold of r\0.23 corresponds to a PB 0.025 (one-tailed) significance level with n =72 given that the 72 points in the ...
(2007) The most superficial sublamina of rat superior colluculus
... The mammalian superior colliculus (SC) is a stratified multisensory integrative structure in which the complexity of sensory integration increases with depth. Retinal input to SC is densest in the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS), which exclusively processes visual information. The uppermost SGS s ...
... The mammalian superior colliculus (SC) is a stratified multisensory integrative structure in which the complexity of sensory integration increases with depth. Retinal input to SC is densest in the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS), which exclusively processes visual information. The uppermost SGS s ...
Sensory uncertainty decoded from visual cortex
... of physically identical orientation stimuli. We reasoned that, if the posterior distribution also captures random, trial-by-trial fluctuations in cortical activity, then more certain decoder estimates should be linked to reduced variability in the observer’s behavior, even for physically identical o ...
... of physically identical orientation stimuli. We reasoned that, if the posterior distribution also captures random, trial-by-trial fluctuations in cortical activity, then more certain decoder estimates should be linked to reduced variability in the observer’s behavior, even for physically identical o ...
“Black” Responses Dominate Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
... viewing distance of ⬃114 cm. The basic attributes of each cell were estimated using small drifting sinusoidal gratings surrounded by gray background (both the gratings and the gray background had a mean luminance of 59 cd/m 2). Visual stimuli. We used both sparse noise (Jones and Palmer, 1987) and s ...
... viewing distance of ⬃114 cm. The basic attributes of each cell were estimated using small drifting sinusoidal gratings surrounded by gray background (both the gratings and the gray background had a mean luminance of 59 cd/m 2). Visual stimuli. We used both sparse noise (Jones and Palmer, 1987) and s ...
PDF
... humans, triggering the startle response at rest with a loud auditory stimulus produces activity in many muscles throughout the body, almost always including both the orbicularis oculi (OO) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and with predominant flexor activity in limb muscles (Landis and Hunt, 1939). Thi ...
... humans, triggering the startle response at rest with a loud auditory stimulus produces activity in many muscles throughout the body, almost always including both the orbicularis oculi (OO) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and with predominant flexor activity in limb muscles (Landis and Hunt, 1939). Thi ...
cortico-cortical feedback controls spatial summation in
... Optogenetic inactivation of cortical feedback in primate visual cortex Feedback from V2 controls visual responses of V1 neurons via two distinct mechanisms; excitation to the RF center and suppression via RF surround. Inactivating feedback strongly reduced spike-rates to stimuli within the RF center ...
... Optogenetic inactivation of cortical feedback in primate visual cortex Feedback from V2 controls visual responses of V1 neurons via two distinct mechanisms; excitation to the RF center and suppression via RF surround. Inactivating feedback strongly reduced spike-rates to stimuli within the RF center ...
Synchronized Activities among Retinal Ganglion Cells in Response
... Fig. 2A (Pairs) and B (Triplet) illustrate the relationship between the inter-neuronal distance and the number of synchronous groups of neurons recorded by electrodes illustrated in Fig. 1C, in response to natural movie and pseudo-random checker-board stimuli from one example retina. It is clear tha ...
... Fig. 2A (Pairs) and B (Triplet) illustrate the relationship between the inter-neuronal distance and the number of synchronous groups of neurons recorded by electrodes illustrated in Fig. 1C, in response to natural movie and pseudo-random checker-board stimuli from one example retina. It is clear tha ...
chapter1
... Cat visual cortex. A: autocorrelation histograms in right (upper) and left (lower) hemispheres, show 40 Hz oscillations. B: Cross-correlation shows that these oscillations are synchronized. Peak at zero indicates synchrony at close to zero time delay ...
... Cat visual cortex. A: autocorrelation histograms in right (upper) and left (lower) hemispheres, show 40 Hz oscillations. B: Cross-correlation shows that these oscillations are synchronized. Peak at zero indicates synchrony at close to zero time delay ...
Can neuroscience reveal the true nature of consciousness?
... conscious experiences, we conflate consciousness with reportability. But a report, whether verbal or via a button press, is a motor output. We are thus studying a filtered version of conscious experience. It is not even sure that our introspective notion of conscious experience can be fully trusted, ...
... conscious experiences, we conflate consciousness with reportability. But a report, whether verbal or via a button press, is a motor output. We are thus studying a filtered version of conscious experience. It is not even sure that our introspective notion of conscious experience can be fully trusted, ...
NEUROMUSCULAR MONITORING
... Two metal balls or plates spaced about 1 inch apart, which attach directly to the stimulator convenient to use but no good contact Burns ...
... Two metal balls or plates spaced about 1 inch apart, which attach directly to the stimulator convenient to use but no good contact Burns ...
Transformation from temporal to rate coding in a somatosensory
... process. The latency of the response onset increased during the 8-Hz train until it stabilized at a signi®cantly longer steady-state value (Fig. 1, POm raster display and PSTHs). These latency shifts resulted in decreased spike counts in the POm neurons because offset latencies did not change. In th ...
... process. The latency of the response onset increased during the 8-Hz train until it stabilized at a signi®cantly longer steady-state value (Fig. 1, POm raster display and PSTHs). These latency shifts resulted in decreased spike counts in the POm neurons because offset latencies did not change. In th ...
Limitations of Neural Map Topography for Decoding Spatial
... retina to the tectum is actually required for the spatial locations of objects in the visual field to be determined from tectal activity. Nonetheless, as pointed out many times before (Cowey, 1979), no in-principle requirement exists; for instance, a smartphone can perform face recognition without r ...
... retina to the tectum is actually required for the spatial locations of objects in the visual field to be determined from tectal activity. Nonetheless, as pointed out many times before (Cowey, 1979), no in-principle requirement exists; for instance, a smartphone can perform face recognition without r ...
Alterations to multisensory and unisensory integration by stimulus
... was positioned on a microdrive stage and lowered into the SC. After reaching the superficial layers of the SC, the electrode was advanced with the hydraulic microdrive while monitoring neural activity and presenting search stimuli. Single neuron activity was recorded, amplified, and then sent to an ...
... was positioned on a microdrive stage and lowered into the SC. After reaching the superficial layers of the SC, the electrode was advanced with the hydraulic microdrive while monitoring neural activity and presenting search stimuli. Single neuron activity was recorded, amplified, and then sent to an ...
Visual signals in the dorsolateral pontine nucleus of the alert
... clarity. Both fixation and test spots were visible during cross-over). The responses of 9 of the 36 DLPN cells responsive to discrete visual stimuli were non-direction selective and had receptive fields that were eccentric from the fovea. For reasons of brevity, these cells will not be considered in ...
... clarity. Both fixation and test spots were visible during cross-over). The responses of 9 of the 36 DLPN cells responsive to discrete visual stimuli were non-direction selective and had receptive fields that were eccentric from the fovea. For reasons of brevity, these cells will not be considered in ...
22_LectureSlides
... • Feed-forward control-predictive – Response anticipates stimulus – More timely, but depends on practice ...
... • Feed-forward control-predictive – Response anticipates stimulus – More timely, but depends on practice ...
Response priming
In the psychology of perception and motor control, the term response priming denotes a special form of priming. Generally, priming effects take place whenever a response to a target stimulus is influenced by a prime stimulus presented at an earlier time. The distinctive feature of response priming is that prime and target are presented in quick succession (typically, less than 100 milliseconds apart) and are coupled to identical or alternative motor responses. When a speeded motor response is performed to classify the target stimulus, a prime immediately preceding the target can thus induce response conflicts when assigned to a different response as the target. These response conflicts have observable effects on motor behavior, leading to priming effects, e.g., in response times and error rates. A special property of response priming is its independence from visual awareness of the prime.