Saccade Target Selection in Frontal Eye Field of Macaque. I. Visual
... = 0.626, y = 0.338) signaled the monkey to either execute (go) or withhold (nogo) a saccade, respectively. We refer to this color change as the trigger signal. The fraction of nogo trials in a set of blocks was 0% (all go trials), 100% (all nogo trials) or 12%. The time of the trigger signal could b ...
... = 0.626, y = 0.338) signaled the monkey to either execute (go) or withhold (nogo) a saccade, respectively. We refer to this color change as the trigger signal. The fraction of nogo trials in a set of blocks was 0% (all go trials), 100% (all nogo trials) or 12%. The time of the trigger signal could b ...
Heterogeneous Integration of Bilateral Whisker Signals by Neurons
... cortical column” by suppressing weaker responses so that “only . . . the initial perturbation of the principal whiskers will overcome the . . . cortical inhibition” (Brumberg et al. 1996). For Armstrong-James (1995), a “transient insularity” between barrels includes the whole cortical column centere ...
... cortical column” by suppressing weaker responses so that “only . . . the initial perturbation of the principal whiskers will overcome the . . . cortical inhibition” (Brumberg et al. 1996). For Armstrong-James (1995), a “transient insularity” between barrels includes the whole cortical column centere ...
Acoustical Vision of Neglected Stimuli: Interaction among Spatially
... presented at the same position (or at close disparity) as a visual stimulus influenced detection of previously neglected visual targets. Before going on to understand the implications of this finding in a context of a cross-modal interaction between vision and audition, we need to explore the possib ...
... presented at the same position (or at close disparity) as a visual stimulus influenced detection of previously neglected visual targets. Before going on to understand the implications of this finding in a context of a cross-modal interaction between vision and audition, we need to explore the possib ...
State dependent activity in monkey visual cortex
... performed about 150 trials of the tactile-visual match. Although most trials consisted of several stimuli presented one after another, in Fig. 2 and subsequent figures the trials have been broken apart so that each stimulus presentation and the following inter-stimulus period are shown separately, w ...
... performed about 150 trials of the tactile-visual match. Although most trials consisted of several stimuli presented one after another, in Fig. 2 and subsequent figures the trials have been broken apart so that each stimulus presentation and the following inter-stimulus period are shown separately, w ...
C ontribution of the anterior cingulate cortex to laser
... the ACC [24]. Nociceptive neurons in the ACC have little or no somatotopic organisation and therefore are suited for information processing involving affective property of noxious stimuli [55]. The neuronal pathways that lead to the activation of ...
... the ACC [24]. Nociceptive neurons in the ACC have little or no somatotopic organisation and therefore are suited for information processing involving affective property of noxious stimuli [55]. The neuronal pathways that lead to the activation of ...
Computational modeling of responses in human visual
... In the mid-1800s, biologists began examining the responses in animal brains to localize various stimulus-driven responses. Visual cortex was localized rather early, though not without some serious disputes (1-3). The biologists were joined in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by neurologists an ...
... In the mid-1800s, biologists began examining the responses in animal brains to localize various stimulus-driven responses. Visual cortex was localized rather early, though not without some serious disputes (1-3). The biologists were joined in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by neurologists an ...
The Organization of the Frontal Motor Cortex
... Basic differences and grouping of the various frontal motor areas General considerations. Modern neuroanatomic techniques showed that each frontal motor area has a specific pattern of anatomic connections. When this pattern is closely examined and the functional properties of the areas connected wit ...
... Basic differences and grouping of the various frontal motor areas General considerations. Modern neuroanatomic techniques showed that each frontal motor area has a specific pattern of anatomic connections. When this pattern is closely examined and the functional properties of the areas connected wit ...
Neuropsychologia, 47, 1621-6
... and accuracy, not reaction time, participants were prevented from viewing the target for longer than 1000 ms. Participants were also instructed to make smooth pointing movements and to avoid making secondary, corrective movements. In any case, as described below, if corrective movements did occur, t ...
... and accuracy, not reaction time, participants were prevented from viewing the target for longer than 1000 ms. Participants were also instructed to make smooth pointing movements and to avoid making secondary, corrective movements. In any case, as described below, if corrective movements did occur, t ...
with task performance neural responses and determining their
... where bij indicates the jth element of the ith vector bi. The final orthonormal basis obtained for our experiment is shown in Fig. 1D. A crucial requirement is that the originally defined vectors v1 . . . vN span the full space; if this is not the case, the Gram-Schmidt process will fail to produce ...
... where bij indicates the jth element of the ith vector bi. The final orthonormal basis obtained for our experiment is shown in Fig. 1D. A crucial requirement is that the originally defined vectors v1 . . . vN span the full space; if this is not the case, the Gram-Schmidt process will fail to produce ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... 680 white dots (0.19° at 2.61 cd/m 2) on a black background (0.18 cd/m 2). Each dot had a randomly assigned screen duration of 33–1000 ms that maintained uniform dot density across the stimuli. Radial patterns were created by accelerating the dots across screen using a sine ⫻ cosine function of each ...
... 680 white dots (0.19° at 2.61 cd/m 2) on a black background (0.18 cd/m 2). Each dot had a randomly assigned screen duration of 33–1000 ms that maintained uniform dot density across the stimuli. Radial patterns were created by accelerating the dots across screen using a sine ⫻ cosine function of each ...
A perceptual representation in the frontal eye field during covert
... monkey understood the rules of the task for these locations. Furthermore, the monkey’s ability to accurately associate the target stimulus with the correct lever-turn at all the other target positions (both left and right) strongly suggests that the monkey understood the task. The performance of mon ...
... monkey understood the rules of the task for these locations. Furthermore, the monkey’s ability to accurately associate the target stimulus with the correct lever-turn at all the other target positions (both left and right) strongly suggests that the monkey understood the task. The performance of mon ...
This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of
... This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for noncommercial research and educational use including without limitation use in ...
... This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for noncommercial research and educational use including without limitation use in ...
Document
... here, the same background is always used, and it is always in the same position, with stimuli moved to different positions on it. The nine stimulus locations are arranged in a square grid across the background, where the grid spacings are 32 pixels horizontally or vertically. Before images are prese ...
... here, the same background is always used, and it is always in the same position, with stimuli moved to different positions on it. The nine stimulus locations are arranged in a square grid across the background, where the grid spacings are 32 pixels horizontally or vertically. Before images are prese ...
Visual behaviour mediated by retinal projections directed to the
... ®elds; in these trials, animals were rewarded at either spoutÐthat is, they received a reward even when they went to the incorrect spout. Subsequently, we lesioned the remaining visual thalamic nuclei in the rewired (left) hemisphereÐthe lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and lateral posterior nucleus ...
... ®elds; in these trials, animals were rewarded at either spoutÐthat is, they received a reward even when they went to the incorrect spout. Subsequently, we lesioned the remaining visual thalamic nuclei in the rewired (left) hemisphereÐthe lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and lateral posterior nucleus ...
Activity of Neurons in Anterior Inferior Temporal Cortex during a
... tasks that require the monkey to retain memories across a “blank” retention interval, during which no visual stimuli are presented. Outside the laboratory, however, memories frequently must be retained while new information is being processed. It is not understood how IT neurons can participate in m ...
... tasks that require the monkey to retain memories across a “blank” retention interval, during which no visual stimuli are presented. Outside the laboratory, however, memories frequently must be retained while new information is being processed. It is not understood how IT neurons can participate in m ...
Core Lab #1 - Reflex Responses
... where it synapses with an interneuron (3). The interneuron synapses with a motor neuron (4), which carries the nerve impulse out to an effector, such as a muscle (5), which responds by contracting. A reflex can prevent damage to tissues and allows the body to conduct tasks, such as walking, without ...
... where it synapses with an interneuron (3). The interneuron synapses with a motor neuron (4), which carries the nerve impulse out to an effector, such as a muscle (5), which responds by contracting. A reflex can prevent damage to tissues and allows the body to conduct tasks, such as walking, without ...
Attention as a decision in information space
... in both studies, it is unlikely that this apparent discrepancy was due to sampling of different neuronal populations. The most likely explanation is that cue responses were not observed in studies with the motion discrimination task simply because the cues were always placed outside the RF (near the ...
... in both studies, it is unlikely that this apparent discrepancy was due to sampling of different neuronal populations. The most likely explanation is that cue responses were not observed in studies with the motion discrimination task simply because the cues were always placed outside the RF (near the ...
Visual Properties of Neurons in a Polysensory Area in Superior
... movement in depth and, unlike direction class 1 cells, they did not have a single preferred direction of movement throughout their receptive field. The direction selectivity of these units was independent of stimulus contrast. All of these units had large receptive fields (size class 1). Figure 6 il ...
... movement in depth and, unlike direction class 1 cells, they did not have a single preferred direction of movement throughout their receptive field. The direction selectivity of these units was independent of stimulus contrast. All of these units had large receptive fields (size class 1). Figure 6 il ...
Multisensory Integration in the Ventral Intraparietal Area of the
... Because auditory responses have been reported in VIP (Schlack et al., 2005), white noise was continuously delivered through headphones to mask any air-puff noise. Multisensory stimulus configurations. Once a neuron was isolated, its visual and tactile receptive fields were mapped, and two different ...
... Because auditory responses have been reported in VIP (Schlack et al., 2005), white noise was continuously delivered through headphones to mask any air-puff noise. Multisensory stimulus configurations. Once a neuron was isolated, its visual and tactile receptive fields were mapped, and two different ...
The Physiology of the Senses Lecture 6 Visually Guided Actions
... the right most edge of this bar, your yellow lines is actually the same. Your line seems longer than the top one. action would, most likely, be pointing movement to these ends should accurate and not subject to this be accurate. illusion. Another distinguishing feature between the dorsal and ventral ...
... the right most edge of this bar, your yellow lines is actually the same. Your line seems longer than the top one. action would, most likely, be pointing movement to these ends should accurate and not subject to this be accurate. illusion. Another distinguishing feature between the dorsal and ventral ...
choosing the greater of two goods: neural currencies for valuation
... direction), the animal’s behaviour varied between chance and perfect performance (FIG. 3b). Neural signals in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) covaried with the animal’s final decision, but were also modulated by the quality of the sensory evidence (motion coherence). Importantly, this correlati ...
... direction), the animal’s behaviour varied between chance and perfect performance (FIG. 3b). Neural signals in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) covaried with the animal’s final decision, but were also modulated by the quality of the sensory evidence (motion coherence). Importantly, this correlati ...
A Subjective Distance Between Stimuli: Quantifying the Metric
... definite matrix representing the scalar product. Condition 4 imposes symmetry among the components of the vectors, which means that M must be proportional to the unit matrix. Therefore, out of all the distances that have a scalar product associated with them, the only one that fulfills condition 4 i ...
... definite matrix representing the scalar product. Condition 4 imposes symmetry among the components of the vectors, which means that M must be proportional to the unit matrix. Therefore, out of all the distances that have a scalar product associated with them, the only one that fulfills condition 4 i ...
Task demands determine the specificity of the search template Mary
... They then showed that observers do indeed use a 60-degree feature detector when searching for the 55-degree target. Thus, rather than relying on the feature detector that is most sensitive to the target, observers relied on the feature detector that best discriminates the target from the distractors ...
... They then showed that observers do indeed use a 60-degree feature detector when searching for the 55-degree target. Thus, rather than relying on the feature detector that is most sensitive to the target, observers relied on the feature detector that best discriminates the target from the distractors ...
Princeton-Learning
... truck, a bicycle, and even a child’s wagon. The dog has undergone a process of (A) stimulus discrimination (B) stimulus generalization (C) spontaneous recovery (D) backward conditioning (E) differential reinforcement 2. Which of the following would be an example of second-order conditioning? (A) a c ...
... truck, a bicycle, and even a child’s wagon. The dog has undergone a process of (A) stimulus discrimination (B) stimulus generalization (C) spontaneous recovery (D) backward conditioning (E) differential reinforcement 2. Which of the following would be an example of second-order conditioning? (A) a c ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... repetition is a decrease in activity in occipitotemporal brain regions known to be involved in object identification (Schacter and Buckner, 1998; Wiggs and Martin, 1998). One of the neural mechanisms that has been proposed to underlie this decrease in cortical activity is ‘repetition suppression’. S ...
... repetition is a decrease in activity in occipitotemporal brain regions known to be involved in object identification (Schacter and Buckner, 1998; Wiggs and Martin, 1998). One of the neural mechanisms that has been proposed to underlie this decrease in cortical activity is ‘repetition suppression’. S ...
Response priming
In the psychology of perception and motor control, the term response priming denotes a special form of priming. Generally, priming effects take place whenever a response to a target stimulus is influenced by a prime stimulus presented at an earlier time. The distinctive feature of response priming is that prime and target are presented in quick succession (typically, less than 100 milliseconds apart) and are coupled to identical or alternative motor responses. When a speeded motor response is performed to classify the target stimulus, a prime immediately preceding the target can thus induce response conflicts when assigned to a different response as the target. These response conflicts have observable effects on motor behavior, leading to priming effects, e.g., in response times and error rates. A special property of response priming is its independence from visual awareness of the prime.