Examples of well-written lab reports, by section
... spinal cord. As the brain is not necessary to perform these involuntary tasks, it only determines the reflex has occurred after the action takes place. While complex reflexes involve additional interneurons and motor neurons, they still don’t require brain function for the action to occur. The brain ...
... spinal cord. As the brain is not necessary to perform these involuntary tasks, it only determines the reflex has occurred after the action takes place. While complex reflexes involve additional interneurons and motor neurons, they still don’t require brain function for the action to occur. The brain ...
Neuronal Clusters in the Primate Motor Cortex during Interception of
... during interception of moving targets. Another goal was to determine whether signals related to the aspects of target motion that are important for successful interception are represented in selective subpopulations of neurons in the primary motor cortex. Preliminary results have been presented (Le ...
... during interception of moving targets. Another goal was to determine whether signals related to the aspects of target motion that are important for successful interception are represented in selective subpopulations of neurons in the primary motor cortex. Preliminary results have been presented (Le ...
Representational Capacity of Face Coding in Monkeys
... recorded cells are shown in Figure 1. Six of the recorded cells showed strongly graded responses like those shown in Figure la. Three cells displayed more weakly graded responses as in Figure 16. Three cells had graded responses that tended to cluster into two or more groups. One such cell is shown ...
... recorded cells are shown in Figure 1. Six of the recorded cells showed strongly graded responses like those shown in Figure la. Three cells displayed more weakly graded responses as in Figure 16. Three cells had graded responses that tended to cluster into two or more groups. One such cell is shown ...
Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... characterized neurons; S neurons), second, neurons that responded to visual stimuli but not during saccades (n=86, 51% of characterized neurons; V neurons), and third, neurons that responded during saccades and to visual stimuli (n=53, 31% of characterized neurons; SV neurons). Three neurons (2%) re ...
... characterized neurons; S neurons), second, neurons that responded to visual stimuli but not during saccades (n=86, 51% of characterized neurons; V neurons), and third, neurons that responded during saccades and to visual stimuli (n=53, 31% of characterized neurons; SV neurons). Three neurons (2%) re ...
Inhibition of central neurons is reduced following acoustic trauma
... ears. Because the basilar membrane input/output function is steeper with outer hair cell damage (Ruggero et al., 1997), it has been suggested that recruitment results from a steepened growth of discharge rate with sound level in auditory nerve fibers (Harrison, 1981; Moore, 1995). However, such a ch ...
... ears. Because the basilar membrane input/output function is steeper with outer hair cell damage (Ruggero et al., 1997), it has been suggested that recruitment results from a steepened growth of discharge rate with sound level in auditory nerve fibers (Harrison, 1981; Moore, 1995). However, such a ch ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... appearance of a central fixation spot. The monkeys were required to fixate on this spot within a 1 or 2° radius for 500 ms. This was followed by (1) the appearance of a video sequence with the audio track, (2) the appearance of the video alone (no audio), or (3) the audio track alone (black screen). ...
... appearance of a central fixation spot. The monkeys were required to fixate on this spot within a 1 or 2° radius for 500 ms. This was followed by (1) the appearance of a video sequence with the audio track, (2) the appearance of the video alone (no audio), or (3) the audio track alone (black screen). ...
Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey
... made visually guided saccades to a peripheral sine-wave grating stimulus positioned at one of 40 ...
... made visually guided saccades to a peripheral sine-wave grating stimulus positioned at one of 40 ...
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
Optic Glomeruli and Their Inputs inDrosophilaShare an
... scope. A small amount of glue (Super Glue) and their connections (see http://flybrain.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/flydb091226/php/flydb/index.php). Two anterior glomeruli, receiving inputs and wax was used to suspend the fly in the hole. fromtheColAandLPL2CNneurons,lieinfrontofamoreposteriorglomerulussupplied ...
... scope. A small amount of glue (Super Glue) and their connections (see http://flybrain.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/flydb091226/php/flydb/index.php). Two anterior glomeruli, receiving inputs and wax was used to suspend the fly in the hole. fromtheColAandLPL2CNneurons,lieinfrontofamoreposteriorglomerulussupplied ...
A COMMON REFERENCE FRAME FOR MOVEMENT PLANS IN
... frame, as noted above, is one that depends on the location of the eyes in the head. A retinotopic reference frame is one that depends on the retinal location that is activated by a visual stimulus. Although these two reference frames are often used interchangeably, they are not always the same. Doub ...
... frame, as noted above, is one that depends on the location of the eyes in the head. A retinotopic reference frame is one that depends on the retinal location that is activated by a visual stimulus. Although these two reference frames are often used interchangeably, they are not always the same. Doub ...
Neural representation of object orientation: A dissociation between
... Extrinsic Vertical Axis (EVA reflection) could equally be described as reflections across the object's primary axis (OPA reflections; Fig. 1B). Recent studies have dissociated EVA reflections from OPA reflections by presenting object stimuli at oblique orientations (Fig. 1C & D). Under these conditions, ...
... Extrinsic Vertical Axis (EVA reflection) could equally be described as reflections across the object's primary axis (OPA reflections; Fig. 1B). Recent studies have dissociated EVA reflections from OPA reflections by presenting object stimuli at oblique orientations (Fig. 1C & D). Under these conditions, ...
Neural correlates for perception of 3d surface orientation from texture
... sessions, the performance improved gradually and reached a ⬎80% success rate after extensive training. In the test sessions, the monkeys performed the task with a success rate significantly higher than the chance level even in the first block and showed immediate progress of performance up to a ⬎80% ...
... sessions, the performance improved gradually and reached a ⬎80% success rate after extensive training. In the test sessions, the monkeys performed the task with a success rate significantly higher than the chance level even in the first block and showed immediate progress of performance up to a ⬎80% ...
State-Dependent TMS Reveals a Hierarchical
... RTs (minus number of excluded error trials). In each of the 2 experiments, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with the 3 within-subjects variables: ‘‘stimulation modality’’ (6 levels in Experiment 1: no TMS, SPL, left SMG, left PMv, right SMG, and right PMv and 3 levels in Experiment 2: l ...
... RTs (minus number of excluded error trials). In each of the 2 experiments, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with the 3 within-subjects variables: ‘‘stimulation modality’’ (6 levels in Experiment 1: no TMS, SPL, left SMG, left PMv, right SMG, and right PMv and 3 levels in Experiment 2: l ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Decomposing the
... Consequently, one may expect that action representations are continuously shaped by the outcome of this dynamic competition, and that MEPs elicited with TMS over M1 may thus provide suitable readouts of the dynamic changes occurring during action preparation (Bestmann and Krakauer 2015). Because in ...
... Consequently, one may expect that action representations are continuously shaped by the outcome of this dynamic competition, and that MEPs elicited with TMS over M1 may thus provide suitable readouts of the dynamic changes occurring during action preparation (Bestmann and Krakauer 2015). Because in ...
The posterior parietal cortex: Sensorimotor interface for the planning
... leftmost column shows 3 neurons that encode target and hand position separably, in eye coordinates. Each cell is tuned for a target location in the upper visual field but one responds to rightward position (the top cell), another center, and the third leftward (bottom cell). These cells are also tun ...
... leftmost column shows 3 neurons that encode target and hand position separably, in eye coordinates. Each cell is tuned for a target location in the upper visual field but one responds to rightward position (the top cell), another center, and the third leftward (bottom cell). These cells are also tun ...
NIH Public Access
... However, the preferred orientation (θ0) remained relatively constant (Fig. 2d). Interestingly, all the putative PV+ neurons (Fig. 1c, white bars) exhibited poor tuning even before laser stimulation, consistent with previous findings12,13. Note that while most of the poorly fitted tuning curves showe ...
... However, the preferred orientation (θ0) remained relatively constant (Fig. 2d). Interestingly, all the putative PV+ neurons (Fig. 1c, white bars) exhibited poor tuning even before laser stimulation, consistent with previous findings12,13. Note that while most of the poorly fitted tuning curves showe ...
Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... It is well documented that in V1 neurons with similar orientation preferences and overlapping receptive fields form orientation columns and that those with the same ocular preference form ocular-dominance columns (Hubel and Wiesel 1962, 1963; Shatz et al. 1977). Optical-imaging techniques enabling v ...
... It is well documented that in V1 neurons with similar orientation preferences and overlapping receptive fields form orientation columns and that those with the same ocular preference form ocular-dominance columns (Hubel and Wiesel 1962, 1963; Shatz et al. 1977). Optical-imaging techniques enabling v ...
Deficient Fear Conditioning in Psychopathy
... with paired presentations of CS⫹ and US and 16 trials of CS− alone), and extinction (like habituation) that occurred successively. The CS was presented for 7.05 seconds; the US (painful pressure) lasted for 10 milliseconds and was terminated together with the CS⫹. The US was applied using a plastic ...
... with paired presentations of CS⫹ and US and 16 trials of CS− alone), and extinction (like habituation) that occurred successively. The CS was presented for 7.05 seconds; the US (painful pressure) lasted for 10 milliseconds and was terminated together with the CS⫹. The US was applied using a plastic ...
Mechanical Response Properties of A and C Primary Afferent
... neuron. The smallest probe was used unless the neuron’s baseline threshold was so low that responses were evoked even at the stimulator’s minimum setting of 2 mN. In this case, to deliver subthreshold stimuli, one of the larger probes was used (resulting in lower stimulus pressures). Stimulus intens ...
... neuron. The smallest probe was used unless the neuron’s baseline threshold was so low that responses were evoked even at the stimulator’s minimum setting of 2 mN. In this case, to deliver subthreshold stimuli, one of the larger probes was used (resulting in lower stimulus pressures). Stimulus intens ...
Imaging the premotor areas Nathalie Picard* and Peter L Strick
... visually guided saccades; bottom: selective activation of the pre-SMA for a mixed condition of compatible and incompatible (Stroop-like) conditional saccades. Reproduced with permission from [21]. (c) Top: motor-related activations in the SMA and CCZ; bottom: sustained activation during working memo ...
... visually guided saccades; bottom: selective activation of the pre-SMA for a mixed condition of compatible and incompatible (Stroop-like) conditional saccades. Reproduced with permission from [21]. (c) Top: motor-related activations in the SMA and CCZ; bottom: sustained activation during working memo ...
Brain regions associated with moment-to
... appeared in 30 point font. On compatible trials, the numerically larger digit was physically larger. On incompatible trials, the numerically larger digit was physically smaller. Participants selected the numerically larger of the two digits by depressing a key that corresponded with the location of ...
... appeared in 30 point font. On compatible trials, the numerically larger digit was physically larger. On incompatible trials, the numerically larger digit was physically smaller. Participants selected the numerically larger of the two digits by depressing a key that corresponded with the location of ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... with an approximately linear response at the physiological range. LOOK-UP TABLE Because these I/O functions are rather simple, which map the input space into the output space by some straightforward mapping functions (or look-up tables), these basic reflexes are usually not considered as representin ...
... with an approximately linear response at the physiological range. LOOK-UP TABLE Because these I/O functions are rather simple, which map the input space into the output space by some straightforward mapping functions (or look-up tables), these basic reflexes are usually not considered as representin ...
Estimating efficiency a priori - Wellcome Trust Centre for
... cognitive/ physiological effects (e.g, the hemodynamic responses may be more variable in one context relative to another), (ii) can only be estimated by performing a statistical analysis, and (iii) is voxel-specific. In other words, the relative efficiency of response estimation can only be quantifi ...
... cognitive/ physiological effects (e.g, the hemodynamic responses may be more variable in one context relative to another), (ii) can only be estimated by performing a statistical analysis, and (iii) is voxel-specific. In other words, the relative efficiency of response estimation can only be quantifi ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Extrastriate Summary Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active ...
... Extrastriate Summary Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active ...
Prefrontal and parietal cortex mediate the interference
... anticipation period is reflected in a time-varying increase or decrease of the blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent (BOLD) signal in the primary visual cortex, right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), supplementary motor area (SMA), right middle frontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis in humans [4,5]. It has also ...
... anticipation period is reflected in a time-varying increase or decrease of the blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent (BOLD) signal in the primary visual cortex, right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), supplementary motor area (SMA), right middle frontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis in humans [4,5]. It has also ...
Response priming
In the psychology of perception and motor control, the term response priming denotes a special form of priming. Generally, priming effects take place whenever a response to a target stimulus is influenced by a prime stimulus presented at an earlier time. The distinctive feature of response priming is that prime and target are presented in quick succession (typically, less than 100 milliseconds apart) and are coupled to identical or alternative motor responses. When a speeded motor response is performed to classify the target stimulus, a prime immediately preceding the target can thus induce response conflicts when assigned to a different response as the target. These response conflicts have observable effects on motor behavior, leading to priming effects, e.g., in response times and error rates. A special property of response priming is its independence from visual awareness of the prime.