Fast Propagation of Firing Rates through Layered Networks of Noisy
... statistics), averaging times of tens of milliseconds are required to read out rate-coded signals (Gautrais and Thorpe, 1998). On the other hand, it is known that neural computation can be very fast. For instance, humans can categorize complex visual scenes in as little as 150 msec (Thorpe et al., 19 ...
... statistics), averaging times of tens of milliseconds are required to read out rate-coded signals (Gautrais and Thorpe, 1998). On the other hand, it is known that neural computation can be very fast. For instance, humans can categorize complex visual scenes in as little as 150 msec (Thorpe et al., 19 ...
Functional Clustering Drives Encoding Improvement in a
... responses [23]. Studies in the developing brain have described mechanisms controlling large-scale circuit patterning [24], finescale morphogenesis [21], and rules by which synapses [25], single neurons [4,18], and small groups of neurons [16] refine their response properties with experience. However ...
... responses [23]. Studies in the developing brain have described mechanisms controlling large-scale circuit patterning [24], finescale morphogenesis [21], and rules by which synapses [25], single neurons [4,18], and small groups of neurons [16] refine their response properties with experience. However ...
The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Rapid Processing of Monetary
... losses. In decision-making behavior, such processing could affect nonnormative decision making by mediating the role that outcome events play in choices. Studies of higher level decisions have shown that “losses loom larger than gains,” meaning that the aversion to a loss of a certain magnitude is g ...
... losses. In decision-making behavior, such processing could affect nonnormative decision making by mediating the role that outcome events play in choices. Studies of higher level decisions have shown that “losses loom larger than gains,” meaning that the aversion to a loss of a certain magnitude is g ...
A model for experience-dependent changes in the responses of inferotemporal neurons
... (Hasselmo and Bower 1992, Barkai and Hasselmo 1994), somatosensory neocortex (Schwindt et al 1988) and motor cortex (Woody and Gruen 1987). Acetylcholine also suppresses feedback but not feedforward excitatory synapses in neocortex (Cauller and Connors 1994, Hasselmo and Cekic 1996). Other effects o ...
... (Hasselmo and Bower 1992, Barkai and Hasselmo 1994), somatosensory neocortex (Schwindt et al 1988) and motor cortex (Woody and Gruen 1987). Acetylcholine also suppresses feedback but not feedforward excitatory synapses in neocortex (Cauller and Connors 1994, Hasselmo and Cekic 1996). Other effects o ...
The functional role of GABA and glycine in monaural and binaural
... flanked by lateral inhibitory sidebands (M611er 1978; Suga 1969; Suga and Schlegel 1973), which can even close the normally V-shaped excitatory area at high stimulus levels (Vater et al. 1979; Riibsamen et al. 1988; Schmidt et al. 1991). The exact arrangement of inhibitory fields governs the neurona ...
... flanked by lateral inhibitory sidebands (M611er 1978; Suga 1969; Suga and Schlegel 1973), which can even close the normally V-shaped excitatory area at high stimulus levels (Vater et al. 1979; Riibsamen et al. 1988; Schmidt et al. 1991). The exact arrangement of inhibitory fields governs the neurona ...
Mapping Horizontal Spread of Activity in Monkey Motor
... Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ...
... Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ...
Different Stimuli, Different Spatial Codes: A Visual Map and an
... between visual and auditory spatial sensitivity are small, but at the population level they are consistent. Figure 5A compares the Gaussian vs. sigmoidal R2s, depending on whether the target was visual or auditory, for all the responsive neurons. For visual targets, the R2 of the Gaussian fits is fr ...
... between visual and auditory spatial sensitivity are small, but at the population level they are consistent. Figure 5A compares the Gaussian vs. sigmoidal R2s, depending on whether the target was visual or auditory, for all the responsive neurons. For visual targets, the R2 of the Gaussian fits is fr ...
Selectivity and sparseness in the responses of striate complex cells
... were based on the overall shape of the response probability distribution, as quantified by either kurtosis or entropy. We call this non-parametric selectivity, in contrast to parametric selectivity, which measures tuning curve bandwidths. To examine how receptive field properties affected non-parametri ...
... were based on the overall shape of the response probability distribution, as quantified by either kurtosis or entropy. We call this non-parametric selectivity, in contrast to parametric selectivity, which measures tuning curve bandwidths. To examine how receptive field properties affected non-parametri ...
The neural basis for combinatorial coding in a cortical population response
... diversity of firing rate dynamics found in even very similarly tuned groups of MT neurons. Additionally, specific patterns of spiking and silence can carry more information than the sum of their parts (synergy), opening up the possibility for combinatorial coding in cortex. These results also held f ...
... diversity of firing rate dynamics found in even very similarly tuned groups of MT neurons. Additionally, specific patterns of spiking and silence can carry more information than the sum of their parts (synergy), opening up the possibility for combinatorial coding in cortex. These results also held f ...
Motion sensitive cells in the macaque superior
... By turning the handle the experimenter or the monkey could generate a leftward or rightward pattern movement on the projection screen. Because of the large diameter of the cylinder, the video camera (Panasonic NV-MS1B) could be used to produce a sharp focused video image of the cylinder pattern larg ...
... By turning the handle the experimenter or the monkey could generate a leftward or rightward pattern movement on the projection screen. Because of the large diameter of the cylinder, the video camera (Panasonic NV-MS1B) could be used to produce a sharp focused video image of the cylinder pattern larg ...
Differentiating Noxious- and Innocuous
... 1937). More recently, however, neurophysiological studies have documented that SI and SII receive noxious and innocuous cutaneous input from somatosensory thalamus (Friedman and Murray 1986; Gingold et al. 1991; Kenshalo et al. 1980; Rausell and Jones 1991; Shi and Apkarian 1995) and contain neurons ...
... 1937). More recently, however, neurophysiological studies have documented that SI and SII receive noxious and innocuous cutaneous input from somatosensory thalamus (Friedman and Murray 1986; Gingold et al. 1991; Kenshalo et al. 1980; Rausell and Jones 1991; Shi and Apkarian 1995) and contain neurons ...
Dissociable Functions in the Medial and Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex
... until they disappeared. This was the signal for subjects to press any one of the six response buttons. They were told that on each trial, three of the buttons were ‘correct’ and that the correct buttons were assigned randomly on a trial-by-trial basis, such that each trial constituted a 50:50 guess. ...
... until they disappeared. This was the signal for subjects to press any one of the six response buttons. They were told that on each trial, three of the buttons were ‘correct’ and that the correct buttons were assigned randomly on a trial-by-trial basis, such that each trial constituted a 50:50 guess. ...
Directionally Selective Complex Cells and the Computation of
... was 0.4. Responses were sampled in 16 periodic increments in time, t, beginning with the time of stimulus Cortical 1-bar tests presentation, and also 16 samples in one-dimensional To study DS we began by reducing the stepwise (1D) space. The number of samples plotted was chosen movement sequence to ...
... was 0.4. Responses were sampled in 16 periodic increments in time, t, beginning with the time of stimulus Cortical 1-bar tests presentation, and also 16 samples in one-dimensional To study DS we began by reducing the stepwise (1D) space. The number of samples plotted was chosen movement sequence to ...
Current advances and pressing problems in studies of stopping
... macaque monkeys performing an eye movement stopping task [23–25]. Two criteria must be met for neurons to participate in controlling movement initiation. First, neurons must discharge differently when movements are initiated or withheld; if neurons still discharge when movements are canceled, their ...
... macaque monkeys performing an eye movement stopping task [23–25]. Two criteria must be met for neurons to participate in controlling movement initiation. First, neurons must discharge differently when movements are initiated or withheld; if neurons still discharge when movements are canceled, their ...
The Differential Role of Motor Cortex in Stretch Reflex Modulation
... randomized and subjects were not aware of whether or not TMS would be applied in any given trial. Subjects also wore ear plugs during these experiments to reduce auditory acuity. ...
... randomized and subjects were not aware of whether or not TMS would be applied in any given trial. Subjects also wore ear plugs during these experiments to reduce auditory acuity. ...
Mirror neurons in monkey area F5 do not adapt to the observation of
... active during the observation of the same motor act when presented in a movie on the monitor in front of the monkey and therefore identified as mirror neurons. In about 20% of the trials that will be referred to as ‘test trials’ the monkeys saw a movie (Fig. 1a) that started with the presentation of ...
... active during the observation of the same motor act when presented in a movie on the monitor in front of the monkey and therefore identified as mirror neurons. In about 20% of the trials that will be referred to as ‘test trials’ the monkeys saw a movie (Fig. 1a) that started with the presentation of ...
Color responses of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: selective
... background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each of the three different post-receptoral mechanisms, respectiv ...
... background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each of the three different post-receptoral mechanisms, respectiv ...
Selective amplification of the S
... background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each of the three different post-receptoral mechanisms, respectiv ...
... background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each of the three different post-receptoral mechanisms, respectiv ...
Calculating Consequences - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... To compute the objective contingency for each schedule as experimoney, using a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 indicated not causal and 100 enced by the subjects, we divided up each session into 10 s bins and indicated strongly causal. Subjects completed four sessions of 5 min, each counted the number ...
... To compute the objective contingency for each schedule as experimoney, using a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 indicated not causal and 100 enced by the subjects, we divided up each session into 10 s bins and indicated strongly causal. Subjects completed four sessions of 5 min, each counted the number ...
Canonical computations of cerebral cortex
... However, in rodents, which lack columnar organization, intracortical recurrent input could play a greater role in deriving selectivity outside L4 (e.g. see [85,86,87] for different versions of one proposal). Computation of gain ...
... However, in rodents, which lack columnar organization, intracortical recurrent input could play a greater role in deriving selectivity outside L4 (e.g. see [85,86,87] for different versions of one proposal). Computation of gain ...
Spinal Cord-Evoked Potentials and Muscle Responses Evoked by
... Muscle responses were obtained from Grass EEG electrode pairs placed 3 cm apart over the muscle bellies of the left quadriceps (Quads), the TA, and the soleus (Sol) (Fig. 1). A ground plate electrode was placed on the shoulder. The impedance of the DC S and muscle recording electrodes was kept ,3 KV ...
... Muscle responses were obtained from Grass EEG electrode pairs placed 3 cm apart over the muscle bellies of the left quadriceps (Quads), the TA, and the soleus (Sol) (Fig. 1). A ground plate electrode was placed on the shoulder. The impedance of the DC S and muscle recording electrodes was kept ,3 KV ...
Human frequency-following response: representation of pitch
... speech stimuli is plotted in Fig. 4. A repeated measures ANOVA showed a signi¢cant e¡ect of stimulus type on pitch strength [F(4,44) = 7.30, P = 0.0009]. A test for the linear contrast, (yi2 +yi3 )3(yi1 +yi4 ), indicated that the pitch strengths for yi2 and yi3 , both of which contain rising f0 segm ...
... speech stimuli is plotted in Fig. 4. A repeated measures ANOVA showed a signi¢cant e¡ect of stimulus type on pitch strength [F(4,44) = 7.30, P = 0.0009]. A test for the linear contrast, (yi2 +yi3 )3(yi1 +yi4 ), indicated that the pitch strengths for yi2 and yi3 , both of which contain rising f0 segm ...
Functional Properties of Parietal Visual Neurons: Mechanisms of
... The directional mechanisms of PVNs were studied by comparing the responses evoked by stimuli moving in opposite directions along a meridian of 100” extent, centered on the point of fixation (full-field stimuli), with those evoked by stimuli that moved along 40”, 20”, and lo” segments of such an axis ...
... The directional mechanisms of PVNs were studied by comparing the responses evoked by stimuli moving in opposite directions along a meridian of 100” extent, centered on the point of fixation (full-field stimuli), with those evoked by stimuli that moved along 40”, 20”, and lo” segments of such an axis ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... collinearly aligned suppression of neural activity to the target line is observed (Kapadia et al., 2000). For drifting gratings, surround influence is mainly suppressive and suppression tends to be stronger when the surround grating also moves in the neurons preferred direction. When the surround is ...
... collinearly aligned suppression of neural activity to the target line is observed (Kapadia et al., 2000). For drifting gratings, surround influence is mainly suppressive and suppression tends to be stronger when the surround grating also moves in the neurons preferred direction. When the surround is ...
Abstract 1. Introduction Temporal dynamics of perception and the
... bends around to the right. In reality the motion is purely horizontal, so this initial upwards component would seem to be a direct manifestation of the aperture problem: of the many direction-selective neurons whose receptive fields would be confined to the bar's contour, those that should respond m ...
... bends around to the right. In reality the motion is purely horizontal, so this initial upwards component would seem to be a direct manifestation of the aperture problem: of the many direction-selective neurons whose receptive fields would be confined to the bar's contour, those that should respond m ...
Response priming
In the psychology of perception and motor control, the term response priming denotes a special form of priming. Generally, priming effects take place whenever a response to a target stimulus is influenced by a prime stimulus presented at an earlier time. The distinctive feature of response priming is that prime and target are presented in quick succession (typically, less than 100 milliseconds apart) and are coupled to identical or alternative motor responses. When a speeded motor response is performed to classify the target stimulus, a prime immediately preceding the target can thus induce response conflicts when assigned to a different response as the target. These response conflicts have observable effects on motor behavior, leading to priming effects, e.g., in response times and error rates. A special property of response priming is its independence from visual awareness of the prime.