Article
... by the properties that influence cell firing, such as the membrane potential of each neuron and synaptic strengths at each point in time. Thus, even in the absence of ongoing activity, the recent stimulus history remains encoded in the network. The simulation in Figure 1 consists of 500 neurons and ...
... by the properties that influence cell firing, such as the membrane potential of each neuron and synaptic strengths at each point in time. Thus, even in the absence of ongoing activity, the recent stimulus history remains encoded in the network. The simulation in Figure 1 consists of 500 neurons and ...
Dopamine: generalization and bonuses
... stimulus. This is matched by the temporal difference prediction error dðtÞ; which follows the reward signal rðtÞ: (B) In later learning trials, a dopamine cell responds to the delivery of the stimulus, but not the reward. This is again matched by dðtÞ—there is no response at the time of the reward b ...
... stimulus. This is matched by the temporal difference prediction error dðtÞ; which follows the reward signal rðtÞ: (B) In later learning trials, a dopamine cell responds to the delivery of the stimulus, but not the reward. This is again matched by dðtÞ—there is no response at the time of the reward b ...
Neural underpinnings of superior action
... experts’ action perception, in the present study we investigated whether the suppression of visual and motor areas in experts had different detrimental effects with respect to novices. We applied a temporal occlusion paradigm (adapted from Tomeo et al., 2012), in which the presentation of soccer pen ...
... experts’ action perception, in the present study we investigated whether the suppression of visual and motor areas in experts had different detrimental effects with respect to novices. We applied a temporal occlusion paradigm (adapted from Tomeo et al., 2012), in which the presentation of soccer pen ...
letter - Hanks Lab
... encoding of decision variables in posterior parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex (frontal orienting fields, FOF). We recorded the firing rates of neurons in posterior parietal cortex and FOF from rats performing a perceptual decision-making task. Classical analyses uncovered correlates of accumulat ...
... encoding of decision variables in posterior parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex (frontal orienting fields, FOF). We recorded the firing rates of neurons in posterior parietal cortex and FOF from rats performing a perceptual decision-making task. Classical analyses uncovered correlates of accumulat ...
Natural Stimulation of the Nonclassical Receptive Field Increases
... E xtracellular, single-neuron recordings were made with epoxy-coated tungsten electrodes (AM Systems, Everett, WA and F HC, Bowdoinham, M E) from two awake, behaving monkeys (Macaca mulata). Signals were amplified, band-pass filtered, and isolated with a hardware window discriminator. Spike triggers ...
... E xtracellular, single-neuron recordings were made with epoxy-coated tungsten electrodes (AM Systems, Everett, WA and F HC, Bowdoinham, M E) from two awake, behaving monkeys (Macaca mulata). Signals were amplified, band-pass filtered, and isolated with a hardware window discriminator. Spike triggers ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... testing is performed in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, amygdala lesions may not produce significant deficits partly because the neutral visual stimulus is being associated with a visual stimulus with secondary reinforcing properties, the sight of food; and partly because with spaced trials, a h ...
... testing is performed in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, amygdala lesions may not produce significant deficits partly because the neutral visual stimulus is being associated with a visual stimulus with secondary reinforcing properties, the sight of food; and partly because with spaced trials, a h ...
Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour
... neurons5,12. This was directly confirmed with paired intracellular recordings from antennal lobe neurons, showing synchronized membrane-potential oscillations in response to specific odours (Fig. 1e; n ¼ 2 animals). In locusts, the oscillatory synchronization of projection neurons—and thus the resul ...
... neurons5,12. This was directly confirmed with paired intracellular recordings from antennal lobe neurons, showing synchronized membrane-potential oscillations in response to specific odours (Fig. 1e; n ¼ 2 animals). In locusts, the oscillatory synchronization of projection neurons—and thus the resul ...
Representation of Acoustic Communication Signals
... hindlegs across their forewings. The songs are characterized by a broadband carrier signal with frequencies in the range of 5– 40 kHz and amplitudes that are modulated in a species- and task-specific temporal pattern (Elsner, 1974; Meyer and Elsner, 1996). This amplitudemodulation signal (AM signal) ...
... hindlegs across their forewings. The songs are characterized by a broadband carrier signal with frequencies in the range of 5– 40 kHz and amplitudes that are modulated in a species- and task-specific temporal pattern (Elsner, 1974; Meyer and Elsner, 1996). This amplitudemodulation signal (AM signal) ...
Visual detection deficits following inactivation of the superior colliculus in the cat
... Blank trials were identical to target trials except that no peripheral target was presented. In order to earn the food reward, the animal had to maintain fixation for the maximal fixation time (1200 ms) plus the response time limit (800 ms). If the cat broke fixation before the minimal required fixa ...
... Blank trials were identical to target trials except that no peripheral target was presented. In order to earn the food reward, the animal had to maintain fixation for the maximal fixation time (1200 ms) plus the response time limit (800 ms). If the cat broke fixation before the minimal required fixa ...
Predictive Coding as a Model of Biased Competition in Visual
... to be inconsistent with physiological data showing that the effects of cortical feedback are predominately excitatory (Johnson and Burkhalter, 1997; Shao and Burkhalter, 1996). In particular, the inhibitory cortical feedback proposed in the predictive coding model seems inconsistent with single-cell ...
... to be inconsistent with physiological data showing that the effects of cortical feedback are predominately excitatory (Johnson and Burkhalter, 1997; Shao and Burkhalter, 1996). In particular, the inhibitory cortical feedback proposed in the predictive coding model seems inconsistent with single-cell ...
THE AUDITORY SYSTEM OF HOMOROCORYPHUS
... The response of the T fibres of Homorocorypkus was investigated before and after tympanic nerve lesions. When the ipsilateral tympanic nerve is cut, there is no response in the ipsilateral T fibre and an increase in the number of spikes in the contralateral fibre over the number fired when both tymp ...
... The response of the T fibres of Homorocorypkus was investigated before and after tympanic nerve lesions. When the ipsilateral tympanic nerve is cut, there is no response in the ipsilateral T fibre and an increase in the number of spikes in the contralateral fibre over the number fired when both tymp ...
Functional Sub-regions for Optic Flow Processing in the
... remaining units (48/153), we were unable to elicit any reliable responses with the available stimuli. No significant differences were observed between these two cell groups with respect to their basic properties [e.g. RF size and location, optimal spatial and temporal frequencies and corresponding b ...
... remaining units (48/153), we were unable to elicit any reliable responses with the available stimuli. No significant differences were observed between these two cell groups with respect to their basic properties [e.g. RF size and location, optimal spatial and temporal frequencies and corresponding b ...
14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... aimed to confirm histologically as many IO stimulation sites as possible (see Fig. 1d). By adopting these approaches, it therefore seems reasonable to assume that the IO was the main if not exclusive target of spinal projection neurons identified in this study and the term “spino-olivary” is used ac ...
... aimed to confirm histologically as many IO stimulation sites as possible (see Fig. 1d). By adopting these approaches, it therefore seems reasonable to assume that the IO was the main if not exclusive target of spinal projection neurons identified in this study and the term “spino-olivary” is used ac ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... the PE1-neuron may be due to altered input from presynaptic Kenyon cells, one may hypothesise that altering the amount of inhibition within the MB regulates Kenyon cell excitation and thus aects odor responses of MB output neurons like the PE1-neuron. Therefore, the present study analyses responses ...
... the PE1-neuron may be due to altered input from presynaptic Kenyon cells, one may hypothesise that altering the amount of inhibition within the MB regulates Kenyon cell excitation and thus aects odor responses of MB output neurons like the PE1-neuron. Therefore, the present study analyses responses ...
Selective visual attention and perceptual coherence
... attention are initiated by a transient control signal that ‘nudges’ the visual system from one coherent state to another. Conscious visual experience starts with the image thrown by the scene upon the retina, where local computations immediately begin to transform the representation of stimuli accor ...
... attention are initiated by a transient control signal that ‘nudges’ the visual system from one coherent state to another. Conscious visual experience starts with the image thrown by the scene upon the retina, where local computations immediately begin to transform the representation of stimuli accor ...
Mechanisms of response homeostasis during retinocollicular map
... long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). These Hebbian changes, however, are inherently unstable and can lead to the runaway excitation or depression of a subset of synapses when left unchecked. For example, if LTP is based on the ability of a presynaptic neuron to fire a postsyn ...
... long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). These Hebbian changes, however, are inherently unstable and can lead to the runaway excitation or depression of a subset of synapses when left unchecked. For example, if LTP is based on the ability of a presynaptic neuron to fire a postsyn ...
Historical analysis of the neural control of movement from the
... indeed a reflex or just a direct response of muscle that had become unusually irritable. Estimates of its latency were repeatedly attempted with controversial results, and its reflex origin was only finally agreed on about 1910. The essential refinement of temporal measurement was achieved by record ...
... indeed a reflex or just a direct response of muscle that had become unusually irritable. Estimates of its latency were repeatedly attempted with controversial results, and its reflex origin was only finally agreed on about 1910. The essential refinement of temporal measurement was achieved by record ...
Word doc - Center for Neural Science
... throughout the lemniscal auditory system (Calford et al. 1983), including in the ventral division of the medial geniculate thalamus (MGv) that provides the the main auditory input to primary ACx (Roger and Arnault 1989; Romanski and LeDoux 1993). Since MGv neurons project to cortical neurons with th ...
... throughout the lemniscal auditory system (Calford et al. 1983), including in the ventral division of the medial geniculate thalamus (MGv) that provides the the main auditory input to primary ACx (Roger and Arnault 1989; Romanski and LeDoux 1993). Since MGv neurons project to cortical neurons with th ...
A Dynamic Field Theory of Visual Recognition in Infant Looking... Gregor Schöner Sammy Perone () and John P. Spencer ()
... the metrically distant test probe was presented first. Looking was computed as the number of time steps the looking node was above threshold on each trial. Note that fifty time steps equal one second. This time step to seconds mapping was chosen to effectively capture the hypothesized memory process ...
... the metrically distant test probe was presented first. Looking was computed as the number of time steps the looking node was above threshold on each trial. Note that fifty time steps equal one second. This time step to seconds mapping was chosen to effectively capture the hypothesized memory process ...
Changes in the N1-P2 Complex after Speech
... Three choices were provided on the computer screen: “mba,” “ba,” and “pa.” No feedback was provided and no scores were calculated. Once the subject demonstrated that they understood the task, each subject was presented with either the ⫺20 or ⫺10 msec VOT stimuli and asked to identify the speech toke ...
... Three choices were provided on the computer screen: “mba,” “ba,” and “pa.” No feedback was provided and no scores were calculated. Once the subject demonstrated that they understood the task, each subject was presented with either the ⫺20 or ⫺10 msec VOT stimuli and asked to identify the speech toke ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... Figure 1A shows the stimulus set, which consisted of photos of human faces, that was used in the present study. These photos have been previously reported to activate monkey amygdala neurons (Tazumi et al., 2010). The facial photos, which were obtained with five human models, consisted of three head ...
... Figure 1A shows the stimulus set, which consisted of photos of human faces, that was used in the present study. These photos have been previously reported to activate monkey amygdala neurons (Tazumi et al., 2010). The facial photos, which were obtained with five human models, consisted of three head ...
Response characteristics in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN
... branching parallel connectivity. Apart from the retina, rich feedback connections exist between cortex and thalamus as well as lateral connections between the di erent cortical areas. These anatomical observations, for which strong evidence accumulated not later than around 1970 [7, 46, 48, 60], ind ...
... branching parallel connectivity. Apart from the retina, rich feedback connections exist between cortex and thalamus as well as lateral connections between the di erent cortical areas. These anatomical observations, for which strong evidence accumulated not later than around 1970 [7, 46, 48, 60], ind ...
Interspike Intervals, Receptive Fields, and Information Encoding in
... information than the average spike. On the other hand, spikes preceded by ISIs ⬎38 msec are often fired in response to spatially uniform stimuli that reverse contrast over time. The third question, concerning the ways in which these different messages are decoded, is not addressed directly by our ex ...
... information than the average spike. On the other hand, spikes preceded by ISIs ⬎38 msec are often fired in response to spatially uniform stimuli that reverse contrast over time. The third question, concerning the ways in which these different messages are decoded, is not addressed directly by our ex ...
Lorazepam dose-dependently decreases risk-taking
... risk-taking behavior with gains and losses, respectively, were used to evaluate the neural systems response to the experienced outcome: (1) selecting a risky response (40 or 80), which resulted in reward; and (2) selecting a risky response, which resulted in punishment (−40 or −80). These regressors ...
... risk-taking behavior with gains and losses, respectively, were used to evaluate the neural systems response to the experienced outcome: (1) selecting a risky response (40 or 80), which resulted in reward; and (2) selecting a risky response, which resulted in punishment (−40 or −80). These regressors ...
Response priming
In the psychology of perception and motor control, the term response priming denotes a special form of priming. Generally, priming effects take place whenever a response to a target stimulus is influenced by a prime stimulus presented at an earlier time. The distinctive feature of response priming is that prime and target are presented in quick succession (typically, less than 100 milliseconds apart) and are coupled to identical or alternative motor responses. When a speeded motor response is performed to classify the target stimulus, a prime immediately preceding the target can thus induce response conflicts when assigned to a different response as the target. These response conflicts have observable effects on motor behavior, leading to priming effects, e.g., in response times and error rates. A special property of response priming is its independence from visual awareness of the prime.