Saccadic Eye Movements Modulate Visual Responses in the Lateral
... neurons. Some cells were not affected by eye movements, while others showed dramatic changes just after eye movements. We first asked whether this tendency was related to cell type. The LGN contains at least two processing streams: the parvocellular system, whose neurons have small receptive fields ...
... neurons. Some cells were not affected by eye movements, while others showed dramatic changes just after eye movements. We first asked whether this tendency was related to cell type. The LGN contains at least two processing streams: the parvocellular system, whose neurons have small receptive fields ...
Temporal and Spatial Integration in the Rat SI Vibrissa Cortex
... correct for the barrel in which the unit is recorded, and largest in layers V and VI where most cells respond to deflections of several adjacent whiskers, sometimes as many as 20 or more (see also Ref. 5). Moreover, under these conditions, cortical vibrissa units, like those in the periphery (79), r ...
... correct for the barrel in which the unit is recorded, and largest in layers V and VI where most cells respond to deflections of several adjacent whiskers, sometimes as many as 20 or more (see also Ref. 5). Moreover, under these conditions, cortical vibrissa units, like those in the periphery (79), r ...
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... a given stimulus was estimated by adding all of the areas of the penetrations that responded, divided by the total area of A1. This measure allows higher sampling of cortical regions of particular interest without introducing bias into group data because densely sampled regions result in smaller pol ...
... a given stimulus was estimated by adding all of the areas of the penetrations that responded, divided by the total area of A1. This measure allows higher sampling of cortical regions of particular interest without introducing bias into group data because densely sampled regions result in smaller pol ...
Science - Princeton University
... correspond to the passes shown in Fig. 1, and the numbers refer to units isolated on that pass. The scale for degrees of visual angle for all receptive fields and all histograms is shown under the first histogram. The vertical scale (number of unit discharges) is the same for all histograms. Above t ...
... correspond to the passes shown in Fig. 1, and the numbers refer to units isolated on that pass. The scale for degrees of visual angle for all receptive fields and all histograms is shown under the first histogram. The vertical scale (number of unit discharges) is the same for all histograms. Above t ...
ppt - UC Davis Imaging Research Center
... across studies No studies have been run assessing whether behavioral effects vary according to the type of switch required Only recently have attempts been made to dissociate neural activity in regard to different types of shifts (Wager, et al., 2005). We focus on two types of shifts: Percep ...
... across studies No studies have been run assessing whether behavioral effects vary according to the type of switch required Only recently have attempts been made to dissociate neural activity in regard to different types of shifts (Wager, et al., 2005). We focus on two types of shifts: Percep ...
CranialN11
... This is frequently the scenario with descending tracts for the head as well: bilateral projections ...
... This is frequently the scenario with descending tracts for the head as well: bilateral projections ...
Is In-out asymmetry diagnostic of visual crowding? Ramakrishna
... provided when, in a different study, they showed that varying the target location, and thus increasing the need for attention to monitor more locations, increased the strength of IOA. Additionally, when participants had to attend a central location, IOA was eliminated or even reversed in some parti ...
... provided when, in a different study, they showed that varying the target location, and thus increasing the need for attention to monitor more locations, increased the strength of IOA. Additionally, when participants had to attend a central location, IOA was eliminated or even reversed in some parti ...
Kardinia International College
... punishment will involve castration • Repression used as defence mechanism • Child identifies with father – being like dad will mean dad will be less inclined to punish me • Displacement can also be used • Anxiety directed onto another irrelevant object, then the child can avoid this stimulus and thu ...
... punishment will involve castration • Repression used as defence mechanism • Child identifies with father – being like dad will mean dad will be less inclined to punish me • Displacement can also be used • Anxiety directed onto another irrelevant object, then the child can avoid this stimulus and thu ...
Response Suppression in V1 Agrees with Psychophysics of
... The apparent similarity between the physiological and behavioral effects provides circumstantial evidence linking the two. To establish a tight link between physiology and behavior, we have studied surround suppression for the same stimulus conditions and task using both fMRI and psychophysics. This ...
... The apparent similarity between the physiological and behavioral effects provides circumstantial evidence linking the two. To establish a tight link between physiology and behavior, we have studied surround suppression for the same stimulus conditions and task using both fMRI and psychophysics. This ...
Normalization in human somatosensory cortex
... state and to divert attention away from the tactile stimuli (Fig. 1). In two intervals (500 ms each, ISI 500 ms), subjects were shown four small, randomly colored disks (size: 0.5° of visual angle, distance from fixation: 1° of visual angle). One of the disks changed color between intervals, and the ...
... state and to divert attention away from the tactile stimuli (Fig. 1). In two intervals (500 ms each, ISI 500 ms), subjects were shown four small, randomly colored disks (size: 0.5° of visual angle, distance from fixation: 1° of visual angle). One of the disks changed color between intervals, and the ...
Modelling the Development of Mirror Neurons for Auditory
... Miranda (2002b) has recently proposed an adaptive mechanism whereby interacting software agents are able to establish such associations symbolically. In this case, it is assumed that the agents have a brain capable of performing the subsymbolic neural tasks that are required for these associations. ...
... Miranda (2002b) has recently proposed an adaptive mechanism whereby interacting software agents are able to establish such associations symbolically. In this case, it is assumed that the agents have a brain capable of performing the subsymbolic neural tasks that are required for these associations. ...
pdf - Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center
... inferior parietal cortex (at the temporoparietal junction), cingulate, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These areas were active during processing of both the rare, task-relevant target stimuli that necessitated a motor response and the rare, task-irrelevant novel/distracter stimuli for which no b ...
... inferior parietal cortex (at the temporoparietal junction), cingulate, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These areas were active during processing of both the rare, task-relevant target stimuli that necessitated a motor response and the rare, task-irrelevant novel/distracter stimuli for which no b ...
D22 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... – recorded response is sum of electrical activity of all activated muscle fibers (within pickup region of recording electrode) - called COMPOUND MUSCLE ACTION POTENTIAL (CMAP), or M wave. – stimulus intensity is increased until response no longer grows in amplitude (supramaximal stimulus), i.e. acti ...
... – recorded response is sum of electrical activity of all activated muscle fibers (within pickup region of recording electrode) - called COMPOUND MUSCLE ACTION POTENTIAL (CMAP), or M wave. – stimulus intensity is increased until response no longer grows in amplitude (supramaximal stimulus), i.e. acti ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
... direction, discharge was minimal. Therefore, the discharge during the delay period appeared to be related in some way to the target’s position. Importantly, after the go signal was given, the discharge remained the same as it was during the delay period. This second observation suggests that the in ...
... direction, discharge was minimal. Therefore, the discharge during the delay period appeared to be related in some way to the target’s position. Importantly, after the go signal was given, the discharge remained the same as it was during the delay period. This second observation suggests that the in ...
Neural processes underlying conscious perception
... So, there seems to be a dissociation between sensory areas which are still evoked, although more weakly, by non-conscious stimuli, and higher areas, in the parietal, frontal and cingulate cortex, that appear to be specifically involved in conscious perception. Some studies also highlight the fact tha ...
... So, there seems to be a dissociation between sensory areas which are still evoked, although more weakly, by non-conscious stimuli, and higher areas, in the parietal, frontal and cingulate cortex, that appear to be specifically involved in conscious perception. Some studies also highlight the fact tha ...
Can the meaning of multiple words be integrated unconsciously?
... review of this much-debated but now-established field of research, see [22]). In EEG, incongruent prime–target pairs elicit a larger N400 event-related potential (ERP) component than congruent word pairs [19,23–26]. The N400 is a negative ERP deflection around 200–500 ms after the onset of the criti ...
... review of this much-debated but now-established field of research, see [22]). In EEG, incongruent prime–target pairs elicit a larger N400 event-related potential (ERP) component than congruent word pairs [19,23–26]. The N400 is a negative ERP deflection around 200–500 ms after the onset of the criti ...
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
... contrast-enhancement as mentioned above. Moreover, these specific connections are responsible for the inhibitory and off-responses in some glomerular outputs. It is easy to identify the inhibitory input if the response is pushed below baseline. In contrast, it is not trivial to differentiate between ...
... contrast-enhancement as mentioned above. Moreover, these specific connections are responsible for the inhibitory and off-responses in some glomerular outputs. It is easy to identify the inhibitory input if the response is pushed below baseline. In contrast, it is not trivial to differentiate between ...
Distributed Processing of Sensory Information in
... Moderate mechanical stimulation of the body surfaceof the leechcausesa localized withdrawal from the site of stimulation (Kristan et al., 1982;Fig. 1). This is accomplishedby contraction of longitudinal musclesat the stimulated site, and relaxation of those on the opposite side of the body, resultin ...
... Moderate mechanical stimulation of the body surfaceof the leechcausesa localized withdrawal from the site of stimulation (Kristan et al., 1982;Fig. 1). This is accomplishedby contraction of longitudinal musclesat the stimulated site, and relaxation of those on the opposite side of the body, resultin ...
Theory of Arachnid Prey Localization
... “triad” that determines Dt given by (1). This configuration has been suggested by Brownell and Farley [6]. A verification such as that in Fig. 3 has never been provided. Neither did one analyze the mechanism at a neuronal level. Both are done here. Because of the inhibitory triad, each command neuro ...
... “triad” that determines Dt given by (1). This configuration has been suggested by Brownell and Farley [6]. A verification such as that in Fig. 3 has never been provided. Neither did one analyze the mechanism at a neuronal level. Both are done here. Because of the inhibitory triad, each command neuro ...
Processing of complex stimuli and natural scenes in the visual cortex
... This leads to the question of how relevant such efficient coding on the single neuron level is and whether single neurons provide a good estimate about a natural stimulus. A recent study [26] compared the responses of single V1 neurons to a population code built on the responses of many recorded n ...
... This leads to the question of how relevant such efficient coding on the single neuron level is and whether single neurons provide a good estimate about a natural stimulus. A recent study [26] compared the responses of single V1 neurons to a population code built on the responses of many recorded n ...
Theoretical Systems Neuroscience
... In the last nine lectures of this course, we will study theoretical approaches to neuroscience at the “highest”, most integrated level of analysis. The focus will be on quantitative relationships between neural activity and behavior, as well as on mathematical models of behavior. Most of the tim ...
... In the last nine lectures of this course, we will study theoretical approaches to neuroscience at the “highest”, most integrated level of analysis. The focus will be on quantitative relationships between neural activity and behavior, as well as on mathematical models of behavior. Most of the tim ...
J Comp Physiol (1982) 149: 179 193
... whether the transient excitation of VS-cells is caused by the increase or decrease of brightness which occur almost simultaneously in flashes of 20 µs duration. Step responses are appropriate to decide this question, and have been recorded in 21 VSpenetrations. Since impulse responses decline within ...
... whether the transient excitation of VS-cells is caused by the increase or decrease of brightness which occur almost simultaneously in flashes of 20 µs duration. Step responses are appropriate to decide this question, and have been recorded in 21 VSpenetrations. Since impulse responses decline within ...
The Representation of Complex Images in Spatial Frequency
... were presented: paired sine gratings and square wave gratings. Paired sine gratings were constructed by adding two sine wave gratings (each at 30% contrast and of the same orientation), one at a low SF (0.3 c/°) and the other at a high SF (0.9 c/°). These SFs were selected because they activate well ...
... were presented: paired sine gratings and square wave gratings. Paired sine gratings were constructed by adding two sine wave gratings (each at 30% contrast and of the same orientation), one at a low SF (0.3 c/°) and the other at a high SF (0.9 c/°). These SFs were selected because they activate well ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
... to the spinal cord. It serves postural control and balance, acting on the anti-gravity muscles of the arms and legs. Pontine reticulospinal tract is uncrossed, descends the length of the spinal cord and has direct monosynaptic excitatory inputs on motor neurons innervating anti-gravity muscles of th ...
... to the spinal cord. It serves postural control and balance, acting on the anti-gravity muscles of the arms and legs. Pontine reticulospinal tract is uncrossed, descends the length of the spinal cord and has direct monosynaptic excitatory inputs on motor neurons innervating anti-gravity muscles of th ...
Large-Field Visual Motion Directly Induces an Involuntary Rapid
... Recent neuroscience studies have been concerned with how aimed movements are generated on the basis of target localization. However, visual information from the surroundings as well as from the target can influence arm motor control, in a manner similar to known effects in postural and ocular motor ...
... Recent neuroscience studies have been concerned with how aimed movements are generated on the basis of target localization. However, visual information from the surroundings as well as from the target can influence arm motor control, in a manner similar to known effects in postural and ocular motor ...
Response priming
In the psychology of perception and motor control, the term response priming denotes a special form of priming. Generally, priming effects take place whenever a response to a target stimulus is influenced by a prime stimulus presented at an earlier time. The distinctive feature of response priming is that prime and target are presented in quick succession (typically, less than 100 milliseconds apart) and are coupled to identical or alternative motor responses. When a speeded motor response is performed to classify the target stimulus, a prime immediately preceding the target can thus induce response conflicts when assigned to a different response as the target. These response conflicts have observable effects on motor behavior, leading to priming effects, e.g., in response times and error rates. A special property of response priming is its independence from visual awareness of the prime.