Reduced BOLD response to periodic visual stimulation
... (21 – 42 years of age, one female), all with normal or correctedto-normal vision. The stimulus (see Fig. 1) consisted of 60 s of fixation cross on a black background followed by 20 s of flashing checkerboard pattern. The long rest period of 60 s is required for the BOLD signal to fully return to bas ...
... (21 – 42 years of age, one female), all with normal or correctedto-normal vision. The stimulus (see Fig. 1) consisted of 60 s of fixation cross on a black background followed by 20 s of flashing checkerboard pattern. The long rest period of 60 s is required for the BOLD signal to fully return to bas ...
Evidence of Basal Temporo-occipital Cortex
... based on small positional differences, known as retinal disparities. Neurophysiological studies in monkeys showed that there is a widespread distribution of retinal disparity sensitive cells throughout many cortical areas of nonhuman primates. Sensitivity to retinal disparity has been recently found ...
... based on small positional differences, known as retinal disparities. Neurophysiological studies in monkeys showed that there is a widespread distribution of retinal disparity sensitive cells throughout many cortical areas of nonhuman primates. Sensitivity to retinal disparity has been recently found ...
ReflexArcLabBackgroundNotes
... Atropine is a sedative drug made from the deadly nightshade plant (Atropa belladonna) It was apparently used in the middles ages by women to dilate there pupils This is the source of the word belladonna in Latin and Belle in French ...
... Atropine is a sedative drug made from the deadly nightshade plant (Atropa belladonna) It was apparently used in the middles ages by women to dilate there pupils This is the source of the word belladonna in Latin and Belle in French ...
high. 1, treated virgin
... for the conducted impulse in the central axon. In contrast to the effect of the flexion command unit in Fig. 2, the discharge of all excitatory axons is suppressed, and a previously silent efferent neuron (identified as the flexor inhibitor) is excited. Although records from the root supplying the s ...
... for the conducted impulse in the central axon. In contrast to the effect of the flexion command unit in Fig. 2, the discharge of all excitatory axons is suppressed, and a previously silent efferent neuron (identified as the flexor inhibitor) is excited. Although records from the root supplying the s ...
Finding a face in the crowd: parallel and serial neural mechanisms
... stimulus outside the RF. More specifically, the response to an unselected RF stimulus with the neuron’s preferred or nonpreferred color was compared on trials during which the cue was of the preferred or nonpreferred color for the neuron (Fig. 2A). When a stimulus of the preferred color was in the RF ...
... stimulus outside the RF. More specifically, the response to an unselected RF stimulus with the neuron’s preferred or nonpreferred color was compared on trials during which the cue was of the preferred or nonpreferred color for the neuron (Fig. 2A). When a stimulus of the preferred color was in the RF ...
A Computer Simulation of Olfactory Cortex with Functional
... records. For example, shock stimuli applied to the LOT are often used to elicit characteristic cortical evoked potentials in vivo 16,17,18. In the model we simulated this stimulus paradigm by simultaneously activating all 100 input fibers. Another measure of cortical activity used most successfully ...
... records. For example, shock stimuli applied to the LOT are often used to elicit characteristic cortical evoked potentials in vivo 16,17,18. In the model we simulated this stimulus paradigm by simultaneously activating all 100 input fibers. Another measure of cortical activity used most successfully ...
Learning Strengthens the Response of Primary Visual Cortex to
... trained stimulus because this response is used relatively directly in detection. Similarly, the single-unit studies found changes in neural signals that are likely responsible for behavior in the discrimination tasks the animals were performing. It remains possible, however, that the differences in ...
... trained stimulus because this response is used relatively directly in detection. Similarly, the single-unit studies found changes in neural signals that are likely responsible for behavior in the discrimination tasks the animals were performing. It remains possible, however, that the differences in ...
Speed, noise, information and the graded nature of neuronal
... rates are measured. For very short times, the amount of information conveyed depends, in a universal way, on the mean rates only (trial-to-trial variability is irrelevant) and the cell response can be taken to be binary (although an ideal binary response would convey more). For longer times, noise a ...
... rates are measured. For very short times, the amount of information conveyed depends, in a universal way, on the mean rates only (trial-to-trial variability is irrelevant) and the cell response can be taken to be binary (although an ideal binary response would convey more). For longer times, noise a ...
On the importance of the transient visual response in the superior
... focused on processing stimulus features [11]. The transient visual signal in the SC is constrained to an orderly spatial map (Figure 3a), and is of short-latency owing to its direct input from the earliest stages of visual processing. It is dependent on factors influencing the physical distinctive ...
... focused on processing stimulus features [11]. The transient visual signal in the SC is constrained to an orderly spatial map (Figure 3a), and is of short-latency owing to its direct input from the earliest stages of visual processing. It is dependent on factors influencing the physical distinctive ...
Primary motor cortex
... Motor patterns for synergistic muscle groups Stimulus amplification for contraction Dynamic and static neurons In motor cortex and Red nucleus (n. Ruber) ...
... Motor patterns for synergistic muscle groups Stimulus amplification for contraction Dynamic and static neurons In motor cortex and Red nucleus (n. Ruber) ...
Alcohol and error processing
... cortex. A computational model of response selection in the task used by Ridderinkhof and colleagues demonstrates how the ERN can be explained in terms of this theory (Yeung et al., unpublished). In the model (Fig. 1b), conflict is calculated as the product of the activation levels of the competing m ...
... cortex. A computational model of response selection in the task used by Ridderinkhof and colleagues demonstrates how the ERN can be explained in terms of this theory (Yeung et al., unpublished). In the model (Fig. 1b), conflict is calculated as the product of the activation levels of the competing m ...
Investigating neural correlates of conscious perception by frequency
... FIG. 1. (Upper Left) High-resolution power-frequency spectra for steady-state evoked potentials recorded over an anterior channel (128) and over a posterior channel (103) during rivalry trials (subject O.S.). Note the sharp peak at 7.41 Hz (f1), the flicker frequency of s1, as well as at 8.33 Hz (f2 ...
... FIG. 1. (Upper Left) High-resolution power-frequency spectra for steady-state evoked potentials recorded over an anterior channel (128) and over a posterior channel (103) during rivalry trials (subject O.S.). Note the sharp peak at 7.41 Hz (f1), the flicker frequency of s1, as well as at 8.33 Hz (f2 ...
deafferentation pain
... ASCENDING PATHWAYS • ANTEROLATERAL System – SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT • originating neurones in laminae I, V, VI, IX • Neospinothalamic tract – project to VPL, VPM – synapse and project to somatosensory cortex • Paleospinothalamic tract – from deeper laminae – to thalamus (other nuclei) , midbrain, ponti ...
... ASCENDING PATHWAYS • ANTEROLATERAL System – SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT • originating neurones in laminae I, V, VI, IX • Neospinothalamic tract – project to VPL, VPM – synapse and project to somatosensory cortex • Paleospinothalamic tract – from deeper laminae – to thalamus (other nuclei) , midbrain, ponti ...
(2006) Changes in visual receptive fields with microstimulation of
... relevant objects. Neurophysiological studies in monkeys and functional imaging studies in humans have established that covert attention enhances representations in visual cortex (Kastner et al., 1998; Luck et al., 1997; Moran and Desimone, 1985; Rees et al., 1997; Reynolds et al., 1999; Reynolds and ...
... relevant objects. Neurophysiological studies in monkeys and functional imaging studies in humans have established that covert attention enhances representations in visual cortex (Kastner et al., 1998; Luck et al., 1997; Moran and Desimone, 1985; Rees et al., 1997; Reynolds et al., 1999; Reynolds and ...
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus
... 70–80 ms in some perirhinal neurons [31] and with a mean population latency of around 150 ms in IT [15]. Indeed, Xiang and Brown [31] suggested that these effects are too fast for ‘top-down’ influences. An important concern for the present discussion is the proportion of neurons showing RS. The best ...
... 70–80 ms in some perirhinal neurons [31] and with a mean population latency of around 150 ms in IT [15]. Indeed, Xiang and Brown [31] suggested that these effects are too fast for ‘top-down’ influences. An important concern for the present discussion is the proportion of neurons showing RS. The best ...
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus
... 70–80 ms in some perirhinal neurons [31] and with a mean population latency of around 150 ms in IT [15]. Indeed, Xiang and Brown [31] suggested that these effects are too fast for ‘top-down’ influences. An important concern for the present discussion is the proportion of neurons showing RS. The best ...
... 70–80 ms in some perirhinal neurons [31] and with a mean population latency of around 150 ms in IT [15]. Indeed, Xiang and Brown [31] suggested that these effects are too fast for ‘top-down’ influences. An important concern for the present discussion is the proportion of neurons showing RS. The best ...
ReinagelTutorial2000..
... Information theory is a completely general method to measure the transfer of information from one place to another, and is particularly suited to describing many aspects of neural function. Information theory has been applied most widely in the field of sensory coding, but it is equally applicable t ...
... Information theory is a completely general method to measure the transfer of information from one place to another, and is particularly suited to describing many aspects of neural function. Information theory has been applied most widely in the field of sensory coding, but it is equally applicable t ...
Spinal Cord Reflexes
... •Sherrington: Locomotion is automatic result of successive activation of reflexes. For example, alternating activation of Ia stretch reflex in flexors and extensors of limb, and FRA reflex with ...
... •Sherrington: Locomotion is automatic result of successive activation of reflexes. For example, alternating activation of Ia stretch reflex in flexors and extensors of limb, and FRA reflex with ...
XVI. COMMUNICATIONS BIOPHYSICS W. Dr. Ursula
... stimuli in the form of a decrease of amplitude in the steady-state response begins at rates between Z/sec and 100/sec. For rates between 100/sec and 400/sec, wherein the peripheral responses are still synchronized with the stimulus frequency, only the first few (1-3) responses are larger in size tha ...
... stimuli in the form of a decrease of amplitude in the steady-state response begins at rates between Z/sec and 100/sec. For rates between 100/sec and 400/sec, wherein the peripheral responses are still synchronized with the stimulus frequency, only the first few (1-3) responses are larger in size tha ...
Reflex Arc - WordPress.com
... The Reflex Arc Step 1: Stimulus sensed by sensory receptor Step 2: Action potential travels down sensory neuron Step 3: Interneuron in spinal cord (integrator) transfers message from sensory neuron to motor neuron Step 4: Motor neuron sends message to muscle Step 5: Muscle (effector) contracts moto ...
... The Reflex Arc Step 1: Stimulus sensed by sensory receptor Step 2: Action potential travels down sensory neuron Step 3: Interneuron in spinal cord (integrator) transfers message from sensory neuron to motor neuron Step 4: Motor neuron sends message to muscle Step 5: Muscle (effector) contracts moto ...
Gluck_OutlinePPT_Ch06
... exposure to the behavior-producing stimulus. In spontaneous recovery, a behavior may reappear at original level if stimulus is presented again after a delay. Behavior decreased through habituation can also be renewed (dishabituated) by a novel stimulus. Habituation is stimulus-specific. ...
... exposure to the behavior-producing stimulus. In spontaneous recovery, a behavior may reappear at original level if stimulus is presented again after a delay. Behavior decreased through habituation can also be renewed (dishabituated) by a novel stimulus. Habituation is stimulus-specific. ...
face-specific responses from the human inferior occipito
... very weak activity over the occipital cortex. Responses to the two stimulus categories also differed at the posterior channels (Fig. 2). It is suggested that this difference reflects the differential processing of simple visual features. Response differences were also found between faces and other c ...
... very weak activity over the occipital cortex. Responses to the two stimulus categories also differed at the posterior channels (Fig. 2). It is suggested that this difference reflects the differential processing of simple visual features. Response differences were also found between faces and other c ...
Chapters 6-7 - Foundations of Human Social
... • Two-neuron networks • Negative feedback: a divisive gain control • Positive feedback: a short term memory circuit • Mutual Inhibition: a winner-take-all network ...
... • Two-neuron networks • Negative feedback: a divisive gain control • Positive feedback: a short term memory circuit • Mutual Inhibition: a winner-take-all network ...
Danczi Csaba László - 2nd WORLD CONGRESS OF ARTS
... deflection of the hairs. Responses are transient, and a sustained response can be elicited only by a stimulus moving continuously across the cutaneous surface (2). The presence of extensive connections between superficial and deep regions of the colliculus in the cat supports the idea that receptive ...
... deflection of the hairs. Responses are transient, and a sustained response can be elicited only by a stimulus moving continuously across the cutaneous surface (2). The presence of extensive connections between superficial and deep regions of the colliculus in the cat supports the idea that receptive ...
Brain Regions Involved in USCBP Reaching Models
... objective of the coordination. As an example, we can weigh more on faster movement, or on the accurate movement, or accurate grasping. So based on the different objective, we may have variability in coordination. However, this coordination is not free from the actuators. First, if there is a signal ...
... objective of the coordination. As an example, we can weigh more on faster movement, or on the accurate movement, or accurate grasping. So based on the different objective, we may have variability in coordination. However, this coordination is not free from the actuators. First, if there is a signal ...
Response priming
In the psychology of perception and motor control, the term response priming denotes a special form of priming. Generally, priming effects take place whenever a response to a target stimulus is influenced by a prime stimulus presented at an earlier time. The distinctive feature of response priming is that prime and target are presented in quick succession (typically, less than 100 milliseconds apart) and are coupled to identical or alternative motor responses. When a speeded motor response is performed to classify the target stimulus, a prime immediately preceding the target can thus induce response conflicts when assigned to a different response as the target. These response conflicts have observable effects on motor behavior, leading to priming effects, e.g., in response times and error rates. A special property of response priming is its independence from visual awareness of the prime.