Paper
... In order to investigate whether and how medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the rat is involved in processing of information related to fear conditioning, we recorded from single units in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex of fear-conditioned rats in response to an explicit conditional stimulus (CS ...
... In order to investigate whether and how medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the rat is involved in processing of information related to fear conditioning, we recorded from single units in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex of fear-conditioned rats in response to an explicit conditional stimulus (CS ...
What is real? How do you define real?
... where theincell to light. This region is called the receptive field of the neuron. Note that the number of action potentials fired depends on the angle of orientation of the bar. The same effect is shown In retina, LGN and visual cortex, the activity of neurons (spike count) is in figure 1.5B in the ...
... where theincell to light. This region is called the receptive field of the neuron. Note that the number of action potentials fired depends on the angle of orientation of the bar. The same effect is shown In retina, LGN and visual cortex, the activity of neurons (spike count) is in figure 1.5B in the ...
1 - Sur Lab
... to stimulate each pin individually (I) and in conjunction with other pins at distinct and precise stimulus intensities (J). Figure 2. Precise control over neuronal activity using the spatiotemporal stimulator. (A) A cortical slice is interfaced with a chip, and simultaneous patch-clamp is achieved o ...
... to stimulate each pin individually (I) and in conjunction with other pins at distinct and precise stimulus intensities (J). Figure 2. Precise control over neuronal activity using the spatiotemporal stimulator. (A) A cortical slice is interfaced with a chip, and simultaneous patch-clamp is achieved o ...
Supplementary Figure Legends - Word file
... Example responses to pure tones and harmonic complex tones from a pitchselective neuron (a, d) (Unit M36n-514) and a non-pitch-selective neuron (b, e) (Unit M2p-140). a. Pure tone frequency response from a pitch-selective neuron. b. Pure tone frequency response from a non-pitch neuron. c. Harmonic c ...
... Example responses to pure tones and harmonic complex tones from a pitchselective neuron (a, d) (Unit M36n-514) and a non-pitch-selective neuron (b, e) (Unit M2p-140). a. Pure tone frequency response from a pitch-selective neuron. b. Pure tone frequency response from a non-pitch neuron. c. Harmonic c ...
Neural correlates of decision processes
... SC in monkeys performing pop-out visual search found that neurons with combined visual and movementrelated activity (visuomovement neurons) discriminated the target from distractors but phasic and tonic visual neurons did not [25]. Also, the relationship between the time of target discrimination an ...
... SC in monkeys performing pop-out visual search found that neurons with combined visual and movementrelated activity (visuomovement neurons) discriminated the target from distractors but phasic and tonic visual neurons did not [25]. Also, the relationship between the time of target discrimination an ...
The Behavior of Neurons
... for the same stimulus. If one were not aware of the influence of mood, one would falsely conclude that the light intensity had gone up by a very large factor. Mood changes also have a considerable effect on the way the output system of the crayfish sends messages to its muscles. Many of the motor ne ...
... for the same stimulus. If one were not aware of the influence of mood, one would falsely conclude that the light intensity had gone up by a very large factor. Mood changes also have a considerable effect on the way the output system of the crayfish sends messages to its muscles. Many of the motor ne ...
Control of Motor Movement
... Upper neuron – extends from motor cortex or motor nuclei in the cerebrum to the anterior horn Lower neuron – lie in anterior horn and travel to the effectors in the periphery ...
... Upper neuron – extends from motor cortex or motor nuclei in the cerebrum to the anterior horn Lower neuron – lie in anterior horn and travel to the effectors in the periphery ...
Summary
... meaningful concepts of our surroundings and act towards our goals. All our actions are motivated by obtaining reward, be it on the short or longer term, in one form or the other. During this process, through repeated trials and errors, we refine our methods and become more effective in what we do. I ...
... meaningful concepts of our surroundings and act towards our goals. All our actions are motivated by obtaining reward, be it on the short or longer term, in one form or the other. During this process, through repeated trials and errors, we refine our methods and become more effective in what we do. I ...
Background: Classical fear conditioning is a phenomenon in which
... addition to the functional images, we will also collect online subjective ratings of perceived level of risk for shock, as well as skin conductance as a measure of physiological arousal, in order to determine how well the subject has learned the connection between the shock US and the CS+ . Anticip ...
... addition to the functional images, we will also collect online subjective ratings of perceived level of risk for shock, as well as skin conductance as a measure of physiological arousal, in order to determine how well the subject has learned the connection between the shock US and the CS+ . Anticip ...
Diapositive 1 - Andrei Gorea, Ph
... farther). At the same time, matches along any line of sight (dotted lines) inhibit each other (since a ray reaching the eye must have come from only one surface). These constraints are sufficient to eliminate all but the correct matches, shown here along the main diagonal. ...
... farther). At the same time, matches along any line of sight (dotted lines) inhibit each other (since a ray reaching the eye must have come from only one surface). These constraints are sufficient to eliminate all but the correct matches, shown here along the main diagonal. ...
Inhibition
... Introduction • Eye fixation is an active process • Two mechanisms have been proposed: – An inhibition of the saccadic system by the fixation system • When fixation occurs, the threshold for evoking saccades increases by electrical stimulation from the frontal eye field (FEF) and the superior collic ...
... Introduction • Eye fixation is an active process • Two mechanisms have been proposed: – An inhibition of the saccadic system by the fixation system • When fixation occurs, the threshold for evoking saccades increases by electrical stimulation from the frontal eye field (FEF) and the superior collic ...
Neurophysiology: Sensing and categorizing
... the same two buttons in response to a simple visual instruction, completely outside the context of the somatosensory categorization task. About half of the ‘categorical’ neurons ceased to respond differentially to the two arm movements in this control experiment, suggesting that a simple motor expla ...
... the same two buttons in response to a simple visual instruction, completely outside the context of the somatosensory categorization task. About half of the ‘categorical’ neurons ceased to respond differentially to the two arm movements in this control experiment, suggesting that a simple motor expla ...
KleinCh5
... the CS prior to pairing of the two, less learning occurs. UCS becomes associated with other environmental stimuli (without CS). Since there is a limit to association strength, some is drained off by ...
... the CS prior to pairing of the two, less learning occurs. UCS becomes associated with other environmental stimuli (without CS). Since there is a limit to association strength, some is drained off by ...
Attending to Contrast
... basis of the psychological phenomena of visual attention. Desimone and colleagues have suggested that attention may increase the efficiency with which attended stimuli are encoded, while Maunsell and colleagues have argued that attention boosts the overall strength of neural signals without altering ...
... basis of the psychological phenomena of visual attention. Desimone and colleagues have suggested that attention may increase the efficiency with which attended stimuli are encoded, while Maunsell and colleagues have argued that attention boosts the overall strength of neural signals without altering ...
Document
... • Figure 5 demonstrates that two different neurons have different responses to the same stimulus • Although the action potentials are different, a lot of the subthreshold response is similar between them, reflecting shared input from the network. • Regardless of shared inputs, there is significant d ...
... • Figure 5 demonstrates that two different neurons have different responses to the same stimulus • Although the action potentials are different, a lot of the subthreshold response is similar between them, reflecting shared input from the network. • Regardless of shared inputs, there is significant d ...
Symmetrical hemispheric priming in spatial neglect: A
... (LVF) and right visual field (RVF). A prime and a perceptual foil (“%%%”) appeared simultaneously for 67 msec either in the LVF or in the RVF with a probability of 50%. The forward masks, primes, foils and backward masks were all centered at 2.7 left or right of the fixation, whereas their overall ...
... (LVF) and right visual field (RVF). A prime and a perceptual foil (“%%%”) appeared simultaneously for 67 msec either in the LVF or in the RVF with a probability of 50%. The forward masks, primes, foils and backward masks were all centered at 2.7 left or right of the fixation, whereas their overall ...
sensory1
... Receptive fields of different neurons often overlap such that any patch of skin may have several receptors of the same type (modality) and receptors of different types (different modalities I.e. touch, ...
... Receptive fields of different neurons often overlap such that any patch of skin may have several receptors of the same type (modality) and receptors of different types (different modalities I.e. touch, ...
A Test to Assess the Auditory Brainstem Response to Speech
... Studies at Northwestern University showed that 70% of children with diagnosed learning problems had normal BioMAP responses. No single test, including BioMARK, assesses all of a child’s abilities. Because BioMARK is only one test, other types of evaluations, such as a psychoeducational assessment, ...
... Studies at Northwestern University showed that 70% of children with diagnosed learning problems had normal BioMAP responses. No single test, including BioMARK, assesses all of a child’s abilities. Because BioMARK is only one test, other types of evaluations, such as a psychoeducational assessment, ...
How fast is the speed of thought?
... still be only about 20-30 ms processing time per synapse. How fast can you see? Another way of looking at processing times is to examine the responses of individual neurons, and to determine at what point in their responses it is possible to discriminate between stimuli. For example, Thorpe and Imbe ...
... still be only about 20-30 ms processing time per synapse. How fast can you see? Another way of looking at processing times is to examine the responses of individual neurons, and to determine at what point in their responses it is possible to discriminate between stimuli. For example, Thorpe and Imbe ...
Visual pathways cortical and sub
... Specialised cells and brain areas for recognition of specific category of objects (as reviewed in Lectures 1&2) e.g. face cells in the ventral stream ...
... Specialised cells and brain areas for recognition of specific category of objects (as reviewed in Lectures 1&2) e.g. face cells in the ventral stream ...
poster - Stanford University
... hardware, we show that mimicking the effects of neuromodulation by acetylcholine is a potential mechanism for evoking synchrony during bottom-up stimulus selection. ...
... hardware, we show that mimicking the effects of neuromodulation by acetylcholine is a potential mechanism for evoking synchrony during bottom-up stimulus selection. ...
Powerpoint template for scientific posters (Swarthmore
... Many studies have shown the existence of large-scale plasticity in the visual, somatosensory, and auditory cortices of the brain. In addition, other research has focused on achieving a better grasp of multisensory interactions. However, these areas of neurophysiological monitoring have a great deal ...
... Many studies have shown the existence of large-scale plasticity in the visual, somatosensory, and auditory cortices of the brain. In addition, other research has focused on achieving a better grasp of multisensory interactions. However, these areas of neurophysiological monitoring have a great deal ...
Objective cortical evaluation of infants wearing hearing aids Harvey
... of life is critical if implantation is to be both early and appropriate. An infant’s ability to detect speech can be estimated by measuring the cortical potentials evoked by speech sounds at conversational levels in the free field while the infant wears hearing aids or cochlear implant(s). The prese ...
... of life is critical if implantation is to be both early and appropriate. An infant’s ability to detect speech can be estimated by measuring the cortical potentials evoked by speech sounds at conversational levels in the free field while the infant wears hearing aids or cochlear implant(s). The prese ...
PRINCIPLES OF SENSORY TRANSDUCTION
... FIGURE 4 Center/surround organization of receptive fields is common in sensory systems. In this organization, a stimulus in the center of the receptive field produces one effect, usually excitation, whereas a stimulus in the surround area has the opposite effect, usually inhibition. (A) In the soma ...
... FIGURE 4 Center/surround organization of receptive fields is common in sensory systems. In this organization, a stimulus in the center of the receptive field produces one effect, usually excitation, whereas a stimulus in the surround area has the opposite effect, usually inhibition. (A) In the soma ...
Response priming
In the psychology of perception and motor control, the term response priming denotes a special form of priming. Generally, priming effects take place whenever a response to a target stimulus is influenced by a prime stimulus presented at an earlier time. The distinctive feature of response priming is that prime and target are presented in quick succession (typically, less than 100 milliseconds apart) and are coupled to identical or alternative motor responses. When a speeded motor response is performed to classify the target stimulus, a prime immediately preceding the target can thus induce response conflicts when assigned to a different response as the target. These response conflicts have observable effects on motor behavior, leading to priming effects, e.g., in response times and error rates. A special property of response priming is its independence from visual awareness of the prime.