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Chemical Kinetics - mvhs
Chemical Kinetics - mvhs

...  Instantaneous Rate: Rate of reaction at ONE given point of time. It can be calculated from conc.- time graph by finding the tangent of the graph.  Initial Rate: Rate of reaction at t=0. (its instantaneous rate at t=0). It is used in rate law equation and to study most reactions. Since most reacti ...
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... Due to entropy mixing, the slope of the pH-dependence should be negative. Observed (total) activation entropy change The slope of the pH-dependence of the observed (total) entropy change is positive (or in some cases slightly negative) Our data indicate that the magnitude of ΔGET is at least as larg ...
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... 37- In balancing the following half-reaction in acidic solution: 8H+ + MnO4- → Mn2+ + 4H2O (a) 6 electrons are added to the left side (b) 6 electrons are added to the right side **(c) 5 electrons are added to the left side (d) 5 electrons are added to the right side. 38- In balancing the following ...
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... It often takes some trial and error, but the idea is to combine the individual reactions so that their sum is the desired reaction. The important points are that: • All the reactants [CH4(g) and O2(g)] must appear on the left. • All the products [CO2(g) and H2O(l)] must appear on the right. • All in ...
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... the famous laws of thermodynamics. Energy powers the way we live, but where does this energy come from? The most concentrated form of energy is held in the bonds of chemicals we live with every day. How can we determine the best choices for fuels to produce this energy? How can we make quantitative ...
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... If we know the mass of gas in a sample of known volume, pressure and temperature, then we can calculate the relative molecular mass as we can calculate n. As n = ...
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Proton Chemical Shift Tensors and Hydrogen Bond Geometry: A 1H

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... Avg. Atomic mass of Calcium = 40.08g Avg. Atomic mass of Chlorine = 35.45g Molar Mass of calcium chloride = 40.08 g/mol Ca + (2 X 35.45) g/mol Cl  110.98 g/mol CaCl2 ...
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... point as seen in Fig. 1. Therefore, above the critical pressure and temperature there will be no liquid–vapor phase change. The process illustrated in Fig. 1 takes place at a constant pressure, known as isobaric, which is imposed on the system by the piston weight plus local atmospheric pressure. Ot ...
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... to react completely with 2.0 mole NO? 2 NO (g) + O2 (g)  2 NO2 (g) (a) 0.5 mol O2 (b) 1.0 mol O2 (c) 1.5 mol O2 (d) 2.0 mol O2 ...
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... increasing the container volume. Then the equilibrium shifts to the left (the side with more moles of gas) • At B, the temperature is increased. Then the equilibrium shifts to left. • At C, C2H6(g) is added to the system. Then the equilibrium shifts to the left. • At D, no shift in equilibrium posit ...
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... The thermochemical equation is the chemical equation for a reaction (including phase labels) in which the equation is given a molar interpretation, and the enthalpy of reaction for these molar amounts is written directly after the equation. For the reaction of sodium metal with water, the thermochem ...
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... achieved through an acid-gas removal step, performed using solvent scrubbing systems [4]. Different types of the existing processes are described in Section 2.1. Some other chemical species are found in synthesis gases, resulting from compounds initially present in the primary feedstock. 1.2 Sulfur ...
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... mass based on C- 12 scale 2. State why C 12 is used as a standard for determining relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass 3. Caculate the relative molecular mass of substances. A student is able to 1. Define a mole as the amount of matter that contains as many particles as the number of ato ...
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File - Association of Chemical Engineering Students

... heat is a form of energy intrinsically less useful and hence less valuable than an equal quantity of work or mechanical or electrical energy. Drawing further on our experience, we know that the flow of heat between two bodies always takes place from the hotter to the cooler body, and never in the re ...
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... the ground state is larger than the radius of a magnesium atom in the ground state. [1] 56 Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why the elements in Group 2 have similar chemical properties. [1] ...
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High School Knowledge Exam – Study Guide
High School Knowledge Exam – Study Guide

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Chemical thermodynamics



Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes.The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, four equations called the ""fundamental equations of Gibbs"" can be derived. From these four, a multitude of equations, relating the thermodynamic properties of the thermodynamic system can be derived using relatively simple mathematics. This outlines the mathematical framework of chemical thermodynamics.
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