![WEEK 1 – Jan 15th and 16th 2014 Natural selection](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/007769117_1-4d3d09b1576d5e22c415cf8545f61e71-300x300.png)
WEEK 1 – Jan 15th and 16th 2014 Natural selection
... What are the effects on survival, reproductive success? Can be answered in various ways – sometimes practically difficult How did it evolve? Difficult to answer, but we can compare across livingspecies and guess 16th January 2014 ...
... What are the effects on survival, reproductive success? Can be answered in various ways – sometimes practically difficult How did it evolve? Difficult to answer, but we can compare across livingspecies and guess 16th January 2014 ...
A Key Ecological Trait Drove the Evolution of Biparental Care and
... Evolution of Parental Care and Monogamy 437 (Touchon and Warkentin 2008). This trend of avoiding oviposition in large bodies of water likely selected for parental care in order to ameliorate the increased harshness of the terrestrial environment (McDiarmid 1978; Bickford 2004). Some species of trop ...
... Evolution of Parental Care and Monogamy 437 (Touchon and Warkentin 2008). This trend of avoiding oviposition in large bodies of water likely selected for parental care in order to ameliorate the increased harshness of the terrestrial environment (McDiarmid 1978; Bickford 2004). Some species of trop ...
Aggression in fishes - How Fish Behave
... reactions of territory owners when intruders become too numerous is to decrease the size of their territory to make it easier to defend against this onslaught of trespassers. Later, if competitors (or alternately, territory neighbours) are experimentally removed, the remaining residents expand their ...
... reactions of territory owners when intruders become too numerous is to decrease the size of their territory to make it easier to defend against this onslaught of trespassers. Later, if competitors (or alternately, territory neighbours) are experimentally removed, the remaining residents expand their ...
Sympatric speciation is reinforced by predation, parasite load
... infection was successful in both species but varied in infectivity. Our findings show that females preferred non-infected conspecific males and suggest that reproductive barriers may be formed by female preference for healthy male conspecifics. Additionally, reproductive barriers between species are ...
... infection was successful in both species but varied in infectivity. Our findings show that females preferred non-infected conspecific males and suggest that reproductive barriers may be formed by female preference for healthy male conspecifics. Additionally, reproductive barriers between species are ...
Northern Red-bellied Cooter
... nesting, the Red-bellied Cooter requires sandy soil on land surrounding the pond. LIFE CYCLE & BEHAVIOR: Red-bellied Cooters overwinter at the bottom of ponds and most likely in streams. During the active season they are almost exclusively in water. Females will come out to nest and occasionally ind ...
... nesting, the Red-bellied Cooter requires sandy soil on land surrounding the pond. LIFE CYCLE & BEHAVIOR: Red-bellied Cooters overwinter at the bottom of ponds and most likely in streams. During the active season they are almost exclusively in water. Females will come out to nest and occasionally ind ...
Chp17_ReproductiveSuccess
... An important aspect of evolutionary success is reproductive success Significant trade-offs must occur here Breeding is expensive, how much energy do you spend? Future breeding opportunities are important, longer life means more years as a breeder But, costs spent on breeding now means less ...
... An important aspect of evolutionary success is reproductive success Significant trade-offs must occur here Breeding is expensive, how much energy do you spend? Future breeding opportunities are important, longer life means more years as a breeder But, costs spent on breeding now means less ...
S18-3 Causes of post-mating reproductive isolation in birds 1
... Species remain distinct ultimately because of a lack of genetic exchange between them. Genetic interchange can be cut off both through barriers at the pre-mating (e.g., mate choice) stage or at the post-mating stage. Post-mating barriers include the failure of the sperm to fertilize the egg, the fai ...
... Species remain distinct ultimately because of a lack of genetic exchange between them. Genetic interchange can be cut off both through barriers at the pre-mating (e.g., mate choice) stage or at the post-mating stage. Post-mating barriers include the failure of the sperm to fertilize the egg, the fai ...
Kin selection
... Flush-and-ambush tactic: hawks flush the rabbit and other family members pounce on it Relay (換班) attack: family members chase the prey, with a new lead bird taking over each time Ayo 教材 (動物行為學 2010) ...
... Flush-and-ambush tactic: hawks flush the rabbit and other family members pounce on it Relay (換班) attack: family members chase the prey, with a new lead bird taking over each time Ayo 教材 (動物行為學 2010) ...
The Lion`s Mane - University of Dayton
... and female lions don’t have a dominance hierarchy, which often dictates reproductive success in other species. Furthermore, a key attribute of lion society is that females breed synchronously, which means that there are often more estrous females available at one time than there are resident males. ...
... and female lions don’t have a dominance hierarchy, which often dictates reproductive success in other species. Furthermore, a key attribute of lion society is that females breed synchronously, which means that there are often more estrous females available at one time than there are resident males. ...
Animal Behavior
... • Paternal certainty is relatively low in species with internal fertilization because mating and birth are separated over time ...
... • Paternal certainty is relatively low in species with internal fertilization because mating and birth are separated over time ...
Chapter 51
... • Paternal certainty is relatively low in species with internal fertilization because mating and birth are separated over time ...
... • Paternal certainty is relatively low in species with internal fertilization because mating and birth are separated over time ...
Modular genetic control of innate behaviors
... acorns of closely related oak species and selectively cache the correct ones [1–3]. Indeed, naı̈ve animals display a wide range of species-specific behaviors including courtship, nest building, nursing, territorial aggression, migration, predation, and predator avoidance. These behaviors, essential ...
... acorns of closely related oak species and selectively cache the correct ones [1–3]. Indeed, naı̈ve animals display a wide range of species-specific behaviors including courtship, nest building, nursing, territorial aggression, migration, predation, and predator avoidance. These behaviors, essential ...
Vocal identity and species recognition in male Australian sea lions
... (Neophoca cinerea). Barking calls of mature males were recorded and analysed based on five acoustic parameters. A discriminant function analysis classified calls to the correct individual at a classification rate of 56%, suggesting that male barking calls are individually distinctive with the potent ...
... (Neophoca cinerea). Barking calls of mature males were recorded and analysed based on five acoustic parameters. A discriminant function analysis classified calls to the correct individual at a classification rate of 56%, suggesting that male barking calls are individually distinctive with the potent ...
Lack of homeward orientation and increased mobility result in high
... In wolf spiders and related families, cursorial dispersal reflects the most important mode of movement and dispersal (Bonte & Maelfait 2001; Kreiter & Wise 2001; Henschel 2002; Morse 2002). It is linked to the overall pattern of high cursorial activity in this group of arthropods (Bonte et al. 2003a ...
... In wolf spiders and related families, cursorial dispersal reflects the most important mode of movement and dispersal (Bonte & Maelfait 2001; Kreiter & Wise 2001; Henschel 2002; Morse 2002). It is linked to the overall pattern of high cursorial activity in this group of arthropods (Bonte et al. 2003a ...
Consulta: subjectFacets:"Clutch size" Registros recuperados: 7 Data
... authors have demonstrated that the estimated clutch size may be affected by the inclusion or exclusion of dead neonates or non-developed eggs. The reproductive system of 254 mature females newly arrived from nature was examined and 29.55% (n=75) had eggs in the oviducts in different stages of embryo ...
... authors have demonstrated that the estimated clutch size may be affected by the inclusion or exclusion of dead neonates or non-developed eggs. The reproductive system of 254 mature females newly arrived from nature was examined and 29.55% (n=75) had eggs in the oviducts in different stages of embryo ...
full text - University of Cincinnati
... important in mate choice also increase predation (Roberts, J. A., Taylor, P. W., and Uetz, G. W., unpublished data). Intraguild predation has a large impact on survival in wolf spiders (Polis and McCormick, 1986; Wise and Chen, 1999), and males making discrimination mistakes may become prey if they ...
... important in mate choice also increase predation (Roberts, J. A., Taylor, P. W., and Uetz, G. W., unpublished data). Intraguild predation has a large impact on survival in wolf spiders (Polis and McCormick, 1986; Wise and Chen, 1999), and males making discrimination mistakes may become prey if they ...
The Journal of North American Herpetology
... as oviposition sites contained up to 296 eggs, with an average of more than 100. These numbers exceed the maximum ovarian egg counts for this species, indicating that communal oviposition is common. The lack of correlation between rock size and number of eggs, as well as the lack of discrete clutche ...
... as oviposition sites contained up to 296 eggs, with an average of more than 100. These numbers exceed the maximum ovarian egg counts for this species, indicating that communal oviposition is common. The lack of correlation between rock size and number of eggs, as well as the lack of discrete clutche ...
Conservation Genetics Inbreeding, Fluctuating Asymmetry, and
... thought that the more perfectly symmetrical an organism is, the better it has been able to handle stresses during its development because it possess more allele variants that can buffer its development processes. Thus, individuals experiencing high levels of inbreeding often experience high levels o ...
... thought that the more perfectly symmetrical an organism is, the better it has been able to handle stresses during its development because it possess more allele variants that can buffer its development processes. Thus, individuals experiencing high levels of inbreeding often experience high levels o ...
Ecology of Philodryas nattereri in the Brazilian semi
... had a higher SVL than males (F 1,55=4.992; P=0.030), corresponding with an SSD index of 0.142. There were no sex differences in HL (F1,61=0.442; P=0.509) or mass (F1,55=1.29; P=0.263); males, however, had longer tails (F1,55=15.847; P<0.001; see Fig. 1). We obtained information on daily activity fro ...
... had a higher SVL than males (F 1,55=4.992; P=0.030), corresponding with an SSD index of 0.142. There were no sex differences in HL (F1,61=0.442; P=0.509) or mass (F1,55=1.29; P=0.263); males, however, had longer tails (F1,55=15.847; P<0.001; see Fig. 1). We obtained information on daily activity fro ...
Vireo olivaceus (Red-eyed Vireo)
... insects from the surfaces of leaves). They also practise foraging by hovering next to leaves, hawking to capture airborne insects and pecking from branches, though much less in comparison to gleaning (Williamson, 1971). Foraging occurs mainly at the outskirts of trees on twigs 1cm in diameter) and b ...
... insects from the surfaces of leaves). They also practise foraging by hovering next to leaves, hawking to capture airborne insects and pecking from branches, though much less in comparison to gleaning (Williamson, 1971). Foraging occurs mainly at the outskirts of trees on twigs 1cm in diameter) and b ...
introduction
... filling bottle with fresh formula, rinse bottle and nipple well. 2.1.3 Enough food stations need to be available to avoid aggression between dominant and subordinate animals. If a large wooden tray is used, more than one adult can usually feed there without conflict. This is especially true if place ...
... filling bottle with fresh formula, rinse bottle and nipple well. 2.1.3 Enough food stations need to be available to avoid aggression between dominant and subordinate animals. If a large wooden tray is used, more than one adult can usually feed there without conflict. This is especially true if place ...
Mate Choice and Hybridization: Comparing the Endler`s Guppy
... size and male sterility (Russell and Magurran 2006). Whether or not hybridization occurs between Endler’s guppy and the common guppy would shed light on the question of whether these fish speciated via sympatric speciation (resulting in prezygotic reproductive barriers) or allopatric speciation (not ...
... size and male sterility (Russell and Magurran 2006). Whether or not hybridization occurs between Endler’s guppy and the common guppy would shed light on the question of whether these fish speciated via sympatric speciation (resulting in prezygotic reproductive barriers) or allopatric speciation (not ...
Chapter 8 Behavioral Ecology
... 1. The habitat is saturated; all good territories are occupied. Consequently, opportunities for young to disperse are extremely limited. 2. Mate sharing results because it provides advantages to the individual breeder. 3. The infanticide is apparently adaptive because it provides a genetic advantage ...
... 1. The habitat is saturated; all good territories are occupied. Consequently, opportunities for young to disperse are extremely limited. 2. Mate sharing results because it provides advantages to the individual breeder. 3. The infanticide is apparently adaptive because it provides a genetic advantage ...
Social Control of the Ovarian Cycle and the
... others, they can generate a strong epiphenomenon or artifact that may not confer a direct adaptive advantage itself, but still be necessary for other aspects of the coordination between social behavior and reproduction. INTRODUCTION ...
... others, they can generate a strong epiphenomenon or artifact that may not confer a direct adaptive advantage itself, but still be necessary for other aspects of the coordination between social behavior and reproduction. INTRODUCTION ...
Sexual Dimorphism, Diet, and Reproduction in the Swamp
... ABSTRACT.—The Swamp Skink, Egernia coventryi, is an uncommon species that inhabits wetlands and swampy heaths in predominantly coastal regions of southeastern Australia. We examined museum specimens to quantify the diet, reproduction, and sexual dimorphism of E. coventryi. The mean SVL of both adult ...
... ABSTRACT.—The Swamp Skink, Egernia coventryi, is an uncommon species that inhabits wetlands and swampy heaths in predominantly coastal regions of southeastern Australia. We examined museum specimens to quantify the diet, reproduction, and sexual dimorphism of E. coventryi. The mean SVL of both adult ...
Behavioral ecology
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aptenodytes_forsteri_-Snow_Hill_Island,_Antarctica_-juvenile-8.jpg?width=300)
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.