Kin Recognition during Intraspecific Predation by Harpacticus sp
... In a 2nd treatment labeled Alien, females which had just released their nauplii were combined with 20 nauplii per dish derived from other females. Experiments were replicated 3 times. In each replicate, 5 nonovigerous females were added to 5 Falcon dishes (50 mm in diameter) that were filled with 4. ...
... In a 2nd treatment labeled Alien, females which had just released their nauplii were combined with 20 nauplii per dish derived from other females. Experiments were replicated 3 times. In each replicate, 5 nonovigerous females were added to 5 Falcon dishes (50 mm in diameter) that were filled with 4. ...
Animal Reproductive Strategies Part B
... embryo, especially against dehydration and shock. • Allantois acts as reservoir for nitrogenous waste in birds and reptiles. • Yolk sac holds nutritious food for development of embryo. • Chorion surrounds all other membranes: in birds it allows for gaseous exchange; in mammals it forms the placenta ...
... embryo, especially against dehydration and shock. • Allantois acts as reservoir for nitrogenous waste in birds and reptiles. • Yolk sac holds nutritious food for development of embryo. • Chorion surrounds all other membranes: in birds it allows for gaseous exchange; in mammals it forms the placenta ...
Uca rapax (Mudflat Fiddler Crab)
... males can only feed with the smaller pincer while the female can feed with both pincers. Studies have shown that females spend a lot more time feeding than males due to nutrients spent on reproduction. The food is carried towards the mouth via the pincers. When placed into the mouthparts, the unwant ...
... males can only feed with the smaller pincer while the female can feed with both pincers. Studies have shown that females spend a lot more time feeding than males due to nutrients spent on reproduction. The food is carried towards the mouth via the pincers. When placed into the mouthparts, the unwant ...
Life histories
... Long life span, high adult survival rates, and increasing fecundity with body size. If rates of adult survival are low, future reproduction may never occur, so early reproduction rather than growth would be favored. ...
... Long life span, high adult survival rates, and increasing fecundity with body size. If rates of adult survival are low, future reproduction may never occur, so early reproduction rather than growth would be favored. ...
ECONOMIC DRIVERS OF BIOLOGICAL
... we need to explain how cooperative strategies can systematically evolve in populations of selfish agents. A great deal of research has uncovered sufficient conditions for altruism in nature. Hamilton [1963] showed how cooperative behavior could evolve through the mechanism of kin selection. Trivers ...
... we need to explain how cooperative strategies can systematically evolve in populations of selfish agents. A great deal of research has uncovered sufficient conditions for altruism in nature. Hamilton [1963] showed how cooperative behavior could evolve through the mechanism of kin selection. Trivers ...
Sexual selection and the evolution of mating systems in flies
... Considerable controversy revolves around what females gain from choosing males. In some cases, benefits are direct because female fecundity is enhanced. For example, in several dance fly species (family Empididae) females choose males that offer them prey (Cumming 1994). In many other cases, however ...
... Considerable controversy revolves around what females gain from choosing males. In some cases, benefits are direct because female fecundity is enhanced. For example, in several dance fly species (family Empididae) females choose males that offer them prey (Cumming 1994). In many other cases, however ...
Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life
... Males gather in a lek—a communal area to display prowess and impress females. Males compete for prime sites in the center of the group, where females will come to mate. ...
... Males gather in a lek—a communal area to display prowess and impress females. Males compete for prime sites in the center of the group, where females will come to mate. ...
(Eunectes murinus).
... equal. Males produce smaller gametes than females (anisogamy) and the subsequent investment and behavior of the individual is influenced by this first premise (Bateman, 1948). In general terms, males will benefit most by achieving many matings while the females will benefit most from selective matin ...
... equal. Males produce smaller gametes than females (anisogamy) and the subsequent investment and behavior of the individual is influenced by this first premise (Bateman, 1948). In general terms, males will benefit most by achieving many matings while the females will benefit most from selective matin ...
Guide to KMP mammals - The Kalahari Meerkat Project
... a darker shade and then to white on the lower third of its body, and a white backside. It stands approximately 80cm high at the shoulders and is characterized by a fold of skin that runs from the midback to the rump. This fold can be opened in times of excitement to display a crest of white hair. Bo ...
... a darker shade and then to white on the lower third of its body, and a white backside. It stands approximately 80cm high at the shoulders and is characterized by a fold of skin that runs from the midback to the rump. This fold can be opened in times of excitement to display a crest of white hair. Bo ...
Why didn`t I think of that? Avian nest predation and parental activity
... no greater during the nestling period than it was during the incubation period, when flights to and from the nest were fewer. This same pattern was seen in all of ten species studied. Previous workers had concluded ...
... no greater during the nestling period than it was during the incubation period, when flights to and from the nest were fewer. This same pattern was seen in all of ten species studied. Previous workers had concluded ...
Competition Within and Between Species of Parasitoid Wasps
... benefit by having an easier time finding food, but the large grazers are not impacted by the interaction. In a great many other cases – such as most flowering plants and the insects, birds, bats, and other animals that pollinate them – both parties benefit. This mutualism is not only widespread, but ...
... benefit by having an easier time finding food, but the large grazers are not impacted by the interaction. In a great many other cases – such as most flowering plants and the insects, birds, bats, and other animals that pollinate them – both parties benefit. This mutualism is not only widespread, but ...
Snake Mating Systems, Behavior, and Evolution
... empirical data. We also feel that within a population, it is possible for different mating systems to occur, such as in the human species, which can be typed as monogamous, serially monogamous, or moderately polygynous. However, the problem with researchers resisting the hypothesis that the mating s ...
... empirical data. We also feel that within a population, it is possible for different mating systems to occur, such as in the human species, which can be typed as monogamous, serially monogamous, or moderately polygynous. However, the problem with researchers resisting the hypothesis that the mating s ...
FREAKY FRIDAY
... - Some females camouflage their tent by adding leaves and bark. - Females protect their eggs after laying them, a trait often seen in most insects. (Are there examples of this in this room?) - After their pupa stage, adult males never eat, they just mate and then die. ...
... - Some females camouflage their tent by adding leaves and bark. - Females protect their eggs after laying them, a trait often seen in most insects. (Are there examples of this in this room?) - After their pupa stage, adult males never eat, they just mate and then die. ...
s39_pp - Corn Mazes America
... - Incompatibility: bees must move between inter-compatible cultivars in different rows ...
... - Incompatibility: bees must move between inter-compatible cultivars in different rows ...
File
... • Paternal certainty is relatively low in species with internal fertilization because mating and birth are separated over time ...
... • Paternal certainty is relatively low in species with internal fertilization because mating and birth are separated over time ...
Reproductive biology of the neotropical harvestman (Goniosoma
... The effect of maternal care on egg survival was evaluated through ®eld experiments in which the mother and/ or eggs were kept isolated under 15610 cm perforated plastic cages (3 cm high; 0.5 mm mesh), or the mother was removed from her uncaged brood. Four experimental groups were established (n = 10 ...
... The effect of maternal care on egg survival was evaluated through ®eld experiments in which the mother and/ or eggs were kept isolated under 15610 cm perforated plastic cages (3 cm high; 0.5 mm mesh), or the mother was removed from her uncaged brood. Four experimental groups were established (n = 10 ...
Competition 1. What is competition? 2. Intra
... experienced lowered growth rates. Ultimately, though, one species (P. aurelia) always drove the other (P. caudatum) to extinction. Gause therefore proposed the: Competitive Exclusion Principle: Two species that use resources exactly the same way cannot coexist. One will drive the other to extinction ...
... experienced lowered growth rates. Ultimately, though, one species (P. aurelia) always drove the other (P. caudatum) to extinction. Gause therefore proposed the: Competitive Exclusion Principle: Two species that use resources exactly the same way cannot coexist. One will drive the other to extinction ...
Sex-based predation on moths by insectivorous bats, Acharya, 1995
... (Krebs & Davies 1993): these traits, however, may also place males at a higher risk of predation than females (Magnhagen 1991). It is often difficult to observe predation in the wild, therefore relatively few studies have directly demonstrated higher male mortality due to predation or parasitism (e. ...
... (Krebs & Davies 1993): these traits, however, may also place males at a higher risk of predation than females (Magnhagen 1991). It is often difficult to observe predation in the wild, therefore relatively few studies have directly demonstrated higher male mortality due to predation or parasitism (e. ...
51_Lecture_Presentation
... • Paternal certainty is relatively low in species with internal fertilization because mating and birth are separated over time ...
... • Paternal certainty is relatively low in species with internal fertilization because mating and birth are separated over time ...
Mechanisms of species divergence through visual adaptation and
... Abstract The theory of ecological speciation suggests that assortative mating evolves most easily when mating preferences are directly linked to ecological traits that are subject to divergent selection. Sensory adaptation can play a major role in this process, because selective mating is often medi ...
... Abstract The theory of ecological speciation suggests that assortative mating evolves most easily when mating preferences are directly linked to ecological traits that are subject to divergent selection. Sensory adaptation can play a major role in this process, because selective mating is often medi ...
1 - Prairie Chicken Viewing
... But it is more complex than just planting corn in winter food plots. Today’s varieties of corn are taller and frequently, there is not enough snow for the PC to reach the corn ears. And the complexity grows as we learn that PCs prefer soybeans to corn. Now you might think that this is good news bec ...
... But it is more complex than just planting corn in winter food plots. Today’s varieties of corn are taller and frequently, there is not enough snow for the PC to reach the corn ears. And the complexity grows as we learn that PCs prefer soybeans to corn. Now you might think that this is good news bec ...
Developmental Psychobiology: Chap4
... . The Galapagos archipelago is a series of volcanic islands in the eastern Pacific, far off the coast of Ecuador. At no time have they ever been attached to the main continent. Therefore , any speciesof plant or animal on the islands had to have traveled over 600 miles of ocean to get there from Sou ...
... . The Galapagos archipelago is a series of volcanic islands in the eastern Pacific, far off the coast of Ecuador. At no time have they ever been attached to the main continent. Therefore , any speciesof plant or animal on the islands had to have traveled over 600 miles of ocean to get there from Sou ...
Marine biology: No head start
... parents can predict the environment the offspring will experience and get them ready for it — a biological head start of sorts. As the climate changes rapidly, some ecologists have suggested that this acclimation may help species along. On the contrary, in this issue of Nature Climate Change Welch a ...
... parents can predict the environment the offspring will experience and get them ready for it — a biological head start of sorts. As the climate changes rapidly, some ecologists have suggested that this acclimation may help species along. On the contrary, in this issue of Nature Climate Change Welch a ...
Hippocampus reidi (Longsnout Seahorse)
... stretches forward and by expansion of its buccal cavity (mouth) creates a suction force through its snout, thus sucking the prey up into its mouth (Felício et al., 2006). Common prey of the longsnout seahorse includes copepods, marine nematodes and carids (Castro et al., 2008). POPULATION ECOLOGY. L ...
... stretches forward and by expansion of its buccal cavity (mouth) creates a suction force through its snout, thus sucking the prey up into its mouth (Felício et al., 2006). Common prey of the longsnout seahorse includes copepods, marine nematodes and carids (Castro et al., 2008). POPULATION ECOLOGY. L ...
Chapter - WordPress.com
... care is now more costly to females; providing care limits growth and future fecundity • External fertilization increases certainty of paternity for males: this lowers the cost of care • For fishes, the higher costs of care for females and lower costs of care for males can favor the evolution of male ...
... care is now more costly to females; providing care limits growth and future fecundity • External fertilization increases certainty of paternity for males: this lowers the cost of care • For fishes, the higher costs of care for females and lower costs of care for males can favor the evolution of male ...
Behavioral ecology
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.