Chapter 5 Overview of Living Primates
... Found in the tropical areas of southeast Asia. Adaptations for brachiation may be related to feeding while hanging from branches. Diet is largely fruit with leaves, flowers, and insects. Basic social unit is a monogamous pair and their offspring. Males and females delineate their territories with wh ...
... Found in the tropical areas of southeast Asia. Adaptations for brachiation may be related to feeding while hanging from branches. Diet is largely fruit with leaves, flowers, and insects. Basic social unit is a monogamous pair and their offspring. Males and females delineate their territories with wh ...
Document
... 1- Trematode infection rates are higher in more dense populations of snails (true), because high host density facilitates parasite transmission. 2 – The frequency of parthenogenetic females is higher in less dense (false) populations of snails, because the real benefit of parthenogenesis is that it ...
... 1- Trematode infection rates are higher in more dense populations of snails (true), because high host density facilitates parasite transmission. 2 – The frequency of parthenogenetic females is higher in less dense (false) populations of snails, because the real benefit of parthenogenesis is that it ...
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS
... based on recapture data under the assumption that males not recaptured have died. This assumption is likely to be justified because in our data the recapture probability was 62–100% (see above). Moreover, C. splendens is a poor disperser (Stettmer 1996; Schutte et al. 1997): in sympatric population ...
... based on recapture data under the assumption that males not recaptured have died. This assumption is likely to be justified because in our data the recapture probability was 62–100% (see above). Moreover, C. splendens is a poor disperser (Stettmer 1996; Schutte et al. 1997): in sympatric population ...
Chapter 5 Overview of Living Primates
... Found in the tropical areas of southeast Asia. Adaptations for brachiation may be related to feeding while hanging from branches. Diet is largely fruit with leaves, flowers, and insects. Basic social unit is a monogamous pair and their offspring. Males and females delineate their territories with wh ...
... Found in the tropical areas of southeast Asia. Adaptations for brachiation may be related to feeding while hanging from branches. Diet is largely fruit with leaves, flowers, and insects. Basic social unit is a monogamous pair and their offspring. Males and females delineate their territories with wh ...
Fertilization - OpenStax CNX
... timed with environmental or food conditions that are optimal for ospring survival. Vertebrates have similar structures, with a few dierences. Non-mammals, such as birds and reptiles, have a common body opening, called a cloaca, for the digestive, excretory and reproductive systems. Coupling betwee ...
... timed with environmental or food conditions that are optimal for ospring survival. Vertebrates have similar structures, with a few dierences. Non-mammals, such as birds and reptiles, have a common body opening, called a cloaca, for the digestive, excretory and reproductive systems. Coupling betwee ...
Fertilization - OpenStax CNX
... timed with environmental or food conditions that are optimal for ospring survival. Vertebrates have similar structures, with a few dierences. Non-mammals, such as birds and reptiles, have a common body opening, called a cloaca, for the digestive, excretory and reproductive systems. Coupling betwee ...
... timed with environmental or food conditions that are optimal for ospring survival. Vertebrates have similar structures, with a few dierences. Non-mammals, such as birds and reptiles, have a common body opening, called a cloaca, for the digestive, excretory and reproductive systems. Coupling betwee ...
ppt檔案
... its new home Familiarity with the local physical and social setting Young are efficient at finding and controlling food and escaping from predators Reduced levels of aggression and stress associated with social interactions ...
... its new home Familiarity with the local physical and social setting Young are efficient at finding and controlling food and escaping from predators Reduced levels of aggression and stress associated with social interactions ...
relationship between escape speed and flight distance in a
... an approaching predator until detection by the predator is certain. Schwarzkopf & Shine (1992) suggested that ‘‘vulnerability’’ (risk of capture) of prey should be evaluated in terms of the probability of being detected by a predator. They found that gravid female water skinks, Eulamprus tympanum, e ...
... an approaching predator until detection by the predator is certain. Schwarzkopf & Shine (1992) suggested that ‘‘vulnerability’’ (risk of capture) of prey should be evaluated in terms of the probability of being detected by a predator. They found that gravid female water skinks, Eulamprus tympanum, e ...
Polyembryony in Armadillos - Valdosta State University
... of offspring that optimizes resources per individual. So polyembryony might evolve when offspring have more information about optimal clutch size than their parents do. Although this hypothesis might explain the evolution of polyembryony in many species, it does not account for all of them. In the r ...
... of offspring that optimizes resources per individual. So polyembryony might evolve when offspring have more information about optimal clutch size than their parents do. Although this hypothesis might explain the evolution of polyembryony in many species, it does not account for all of them. In the r ...
Sexual reproduction prevails in a world of structured resources in
... persists over a considerable time span during which the consumer can use this resource less or not at all (Dicke & Hilker 2003; Laforsch & Tollrian 2004). We would like to point out that all these mechanisms are different from lottery models ( Williams 1975; Bell 1982), where resources vanish comple ...
... persists over a considerable time span during which the consumer can use this resource less or not at all (Dicke & Hilker 2003; Laforsch & Tollrian 2004). We would like to point out that all these mechanisms are different from lottery models ( Williams 1975; Bell 1982), where resources vanish comple ...
Natural and Sexual Selection Giveth and Taketh Away Reproductive
... divergence in response to selection: they show dramatic differences in behavior, life history, morphology, and male coloration between high- and low-predation sites (Reznick and Endler 1982; Endler 1995; Magurran 2005). We focus here on the effects of male color. In low-predation sites, males are ge ...
... divergence in response to selection: they show dramatic differences in behavior, life history, morphology, and male coloration between high- and low-predation sites (Reznick and Endler 1982; Endler 1995; Magurran 2005). We focus here on the effects of male color. In low-predation sites, males are ge ...
Tactical reproductive parasitism via larval cannibalism
... tadpole and odonate predators to minimize cannibalism or predation of their offspring (Brown et al. 2008b). But occasionally, the developing embryos slide into the pool below (during hatching or placement on the male’s back) or the water level rises within the pool and the embryos are submerged, whe ...
... tadpole and odonate predators to minimize cannibalism or predation of their offspring (Brown et al. 2008b). But occasionally, the developing embryos slide into the pool below (during hatching or placement on the male’s back) or the water level rises within the pool and the embryos are submerged, whe ...
The Living World - Chapter 33 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... The study of animal behavior can be divided into 1) A study of its development 2) A study of its physiological basis 3) A study of its function Behavioral ecology is the study of how natural selection affects behavior Focuses on the adaptive significance of behavior How behavior may increase surviva ...
... The study of animal behavior can be divided into 1) A study of its development 2) A study of its physiological basis 3) A study of its function Behavioral ecology is the study of how natural selection affects behavior Focuses on the adaptive significance of behavior How behavior may increase surviva ...
THE STATE OF NATURE AND THE
... argument, where humans are analyzed as if they once existed as solitary individuals with no rules or government. In fact, sociobiology and evolutionary psychology, and study of related species (e.g., chimpanzees), indicate that humans have never existed as humans in such an environment. Rather, homi ...
... argument, where humans are analyzed as if they once existed as solitary individuals with no rules or government. In fact, sociobiology and evolutionary psychology, and study of related species (e.g., chimpanzees), indicate that humans have never existed as humans in such an environment. Rather, homi ...
Interspecific Adoption of Orphaned Nests by Polistes Paper Wasps
... report of such adoptions was by Kasuya (1982). Nonacs and Reeve (1993) present a thorough analysis of adoption of naturallyorphaned and transplanted (i.e., artificially orphaned) nests in a population of Polistes dominulus (Christ), and they suggest that adoption could be a primary reproductive stra ...
... report of such adoptions was by Kasuya (1982). Nonacs and Reeve (1993) present a thorough analysis of adoption of naturallyorphaned and transplanted (i.e., artificially orphaned) nests in a population of Polistes dominulus (Christ), and they suggest that adoption could be a primary reproductive stra ...
Wellborn2000The American Midland Naturalist
... was 1 for paired males and 0 for unpaired males (Ward, 1988; Fairbairn and Preziosi, 1996), and average absolute fitness across the population was thus the proportion of males in precopulatory pairs. For success in mating with larger females, absolute fitness of an individual was the expected number ...
... was 1 for paired males and 0 for unpaired males (Ward, 1988; Fairbairn and Preziosi, 1996), and average absolute fitness across the population was thus the proportion of males in precopulatory pairs. For success in mating with larger females, absolute fitness of an individual was the expected number ...
Chapter - WordPress.com
... times for food in minnows • Research question: What foraging benefits are associated with sociality? (Pitcher, Magurran, & Winfield ...
... times for food in minnows • Research question: What foraging benefits are associated with sociality? (Pitcher, Magurran, & Winfield ...
Rapid human-induced divergence of life
... across islands and species, and (2) what is the relative importance of shared (i.e., parallel) ...
... across islands and species, and (2) what is the relative importance of shared (i.e., parallel) ...
Life histories cont. – size/number
... Is clutch size genetically fixed and invariant? In the case of starlings, we already know it isn’t; the clutch size differed between early and late clutches. But… Should there be clutch size variability? The basic explanation is just environmental variability. If, on average, the environment provid ...
... Is clutch size genetically fixed and invariant? In the case of starlings, we already know it isn’t; the clutch size differed between early and late clutches. But… Should there be clutch size variability? The basic explanation is just environmental variability. If, on average, the environment provid ...
animal behavior and conservation biology
... degree to which a population would be placed at risk by environmental change, since specialists may be more vulnerable to disturbance than generalists (Arcese et al. 1997). Nonetheless, species with highly specialized behaviors may be able to expand their repertoire when opportunity or necessity dic ...
... degree to which a population would be placed at risk by environmental change, since specialists may be more vulnerable to disturbance than generalists (Arcese et al. 1997). Nonetheless, species with highly specialized behaviors may be able to expand their repertoire when opportunity or necessity dic ...
Predation on Northern Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys
... been reported to include turtles of at least eight different species (mud, musk, painted, spotted, snapping, soft-shelled and box turtles, as well as diamondback terrapins) in their diet (Clark, 1982). This is the first documentation of bald eagle predation on turtles not only in New Jersey but also ...
... been reported to include turtles of at least eight different species (mud, musk, painted, spotted, snapping, soft-shelled and box turtles, as well as diamondback terrapins) in their diet (Clark, 1982). This is the first documentation of bald eagle predation on turtles not only in New Jersey but also ...
Chapter 53 Practice Multiple Choice
... populations' size stable. b. Young reproductive males tend to stay in their home population and are not driven out by other territorial males. c. These immigrants provide a source of genetic diversity for the other populations. d. Those individuals that emigrate to these new populations are looking ...
... populations' size stable. b. Young reproductive males tend to stay in their home population and are not driven out by other territorial males. c. These immigrants provide a source of genetic diversity for the other populations. d. Those individuals that emigrate to these new populations are looking ...
A unique mating strategy without physical contact during fertilization
... vocal repertoire of male frogs and toads is well known, with the advertisement call, which is produced to attract mates and signal presence towards other males, being present in all but a few species (Wells & Schwartz, 2007). Male advertisement calls are species specific and can convey information a ...
... vocal repertoire of male frogs and toads is well known, with the advertisement call, which is produced to attract mates and signal presence towards other males, being present in all but a few species (Wells & Schwartz, 2007). Male advertisement calls are species specific and can convey information a ...
Life-history characteristics of coral reef gobies. II. Mortality rate
... in fishes the number of eggs produced at each spawning is limited by the volume of the body cavity available to accommodate the ripe ovaries (Wootton 1998). Thus, the size of the body cavity can impose a substantial constraint on batch fecundity of small-bodied species. Assuming a growth cost of rep ...
... in fishes the number of eggs produced at each spawning is limited by the volume of the body cavity available to accommodate the ripe ovaries (Wootton 1998). Thus, the size of the body cavity can impose a substantial constraint on batch fecundity of small-bodied species. Assuming a growth cost of rep ...
Spectacled Caiman - UWI St. Augustine
... individuals the most abundant of all the caiman species existing. These species of caiman seldom depart from their water source unless they are forced to either naturally (e.g. drought) or due anthropogenic sources, when they do this they are usually found buried in the cool damp mud. These species ...
... individuals the most abundant of all the caiman species existing. These species of caiman seldom depart from their water source unless they are forced to either naturally (e.g. drought) or due anthropogenic sources, when they do this they are usually found buried in the cool damp mud. These species ...
Behavioral ecology
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.