Male dispersal patterns in white-faced capuchins, Cebus capucinus
... avoidance and a means to enhance reproductive success (Itani 1972; Greenwood 1980; Moore & Ali 1984; CluttonBrock 1989; Moore 1993). Several proximate factors are reported to influence the timing and impetus of natal emigration; those pertinent to male-dispersed primate species usually involve evicti ...
... avoidance and a means to enhance reproductive success (Itani 1972; Greenwood 1980; Moore & Ali 1984; CluttonBrock 1989; Moore 1993). Several proximate factors are reported to influence the timing and impetus of natal emigration; those pertinent to male-dispersed primate species usually involve evicti ...
Privatization and Property in Biology
... area defended is not really the resource. Instead of defending a particular resource ...
... area defended is not really the resource. Instead of defending a particular resource ...
Eidolon helvum - Lake Superior Zoo
... production (June through August) and the other at the end of the dry season when flowers begin to bloom (February through May). They have offspring at each birth after a gestation period of 115-120 days. Behavior/Adaptations: Seba’s bats have a very good sense of smell they use to find fruit. They f ...
... production (June through August) and the other at the end of the dry season when flowers begin to bloom (February through May). They have offspring at each birth after a gestation period of 115-120 days. Behavior/Adaptations: Seba’s bats have a very good sense of smell they use to find fruit. They f ...
The fusion of behavioral ecology and ecology
... about dusky-footed wood rats. One question is whether a certain behavior promotes reproductive success, for example, whether more active females do more visiting and have higher reproductive success. This evolutionary question would be best answered by going back to extend the work begun in the 1938 ...
... about dusky-footed wood rats. One question is whether a certain behavior promotes reproductive success, for example, whether more active females do more visiting and have higher reproductive success. This evolutionary question would be best answered by going back to extend the work begun in the 1938 ...
Complexity in vertebrate societies
... forego foraging time to scan for predators, and vigilant individuals may inevitably alert their companions of an impending attack (Pulliam 1973; Pulliam, et al. 1982; Parker and Hammerstein 1985). Thus the coordination observed in these sentinel systems implies a degree of active cooperation, indica ...
... forego foraging time to scan for predators, and vigilant individuals may inevitably alert their companions of an impending attack (Pulliam 1973; Pulliam, et al. 1982; Parker and Hammerstein 1985). Thus the coordination observed in these sentinel systems implies a degree of active cooperation, indica ...
Chapter 5 The Primates Overview Humans are animals, chordates
... There is a great deal of biological and behavioral variation among the living primates. o Humans are mammals o It is first necessary to understand the basic characteristics of these larger taxonomic groups o Kingdom is the most inclusive taxonomic category. All living organisms can be places into on ...
... There is a great deal of biological and behavioral variation among the living primates. o Humans are mammals o It is first necessary to understand the basic characteristics of these larger taxonomic groups o Kingdom is the most inclusive taxonomic category. All living organisms can be places into on ...
Evaluating performance costs of sexually selected traits
... Fig. 1. Path model discussed in the text. Arrows indicate direction of putative causality (for simplicity, terms to represent unexplained variation are omitted). Solid lines represent causal relationships that are almost certain to occur; dashed lines those that are less certain to occur and/or may ...
... Fig. 1. Path model discussed in the text. Arrows indicate direction of putative causality (for simplicity, terms to represent unexplained variation are omitted). Solid lines represent causal relationships that are almost certain to occur; dashed lines those that are less certain to occur and/or may ...
A receiver bias in the origin of three-spined stickleback
... the three-spined stickleback correlates with male condition (Milinski & Bakker 1990), offspring parasite resistance (Barber et al. 2001), courtship effort (Bakker & Milinski 1991), nest defence during parental care (McKinnon 1996) and mating success (Bakker & Mundwiler 1994; Rowland 1994). Thus, the ...
... the three-spined stickleback correlates with male condition (Milinski & Bakker 1990), offspring parasite resistance (Barber et al. 2001), courtship effort (Bakker & Milinski 1991), nest defence during parental care (McKinnon 1996) and mating success (Bakker & Mundwiler 1994; Rowland 1994). Thus, the ...
Long-tailed Weasel Mustela frenata (Lichtenstein, 1831) Context
... Mississippi. The northern populations with white winter coats also retain the black tail tip. The black tail tip may function as a deflection mark in which the black tip is more noticeable than the body. When an avian predator attacks a weasel its attention is drawn to the tip of the tail. The preda ...
... Mississippi. The northern populations with white winter coats also retain the black tail tip. The black tail tip may function as a deflection mark in which the black tip is more noticeable than the body. When an avian predator attacks a weasel its attention is drawn to the tip of the tail. The preda ...
Display Behavior in Tortoises In spite of the knowledge gained over
... or otherwise stressed. In addition, the both sexes when the glands of both are large intestine is evacuated by most tor- active, and only to males when the glands toises when under either physiological or are inactive. Females react to males when psychological stress. While none of these the glands ...
... or otherwise stressed. In addition, the both sexes when the glands of both are large intestine is evacuated by most tor- active, and only to males when the glands toises when under either physiological or are inactive. Females react to males when psychological stress. While none of these the glands ...
Of Iguanas and Dinosaurs: Social Behavior and Communication in
... naive snakes did show conspecific aggregation behavior in a situation that would rule out any explanation based on common resources. First look at the number of snakes found under each of the cover objects (most of the snakes were always found under objects). It is clear that they were not randomly ...
... naive snakes did show conspecific aggregation behavior in a situation that would rule out any explanation based on common resources. First look at the number of snakes found under each of the cover objects (most of the snakes were always found under objects). It is clear that they were not randomly ...
firefly fact sheet - World Animal Foundation
... wooded areas where firefly babies have abundant sources of food. These larvae emit light and often are called "glowworms". In many species, both male and female fireflies have the ability to fly, but in some species, the females are flightless. Fireflies tend to be brown and soft-bodied, often with ...
... wooded areas where firefly babies have abundant sources of food. These larvae emit light and often are called "glowworms". In many species, both male and female fireflies have the ability to fly, but in some species, the females are flightless. Fireflies tend to be brown and soft-bodied, often with ...
Benjamin Frank Moginie - VUW research archive
... Identifying sources of variation in individual reproductive success is crucial to our understanding of population dynamics and evolutionary ecology. In many systems, the determinants of success are not well known. Where species have parental care, for example, determinants of success can be particul ...
... Identifying sources of variation in individual reproductive success is crucial to our understanding of population dynamics and evolutionary ecology. In many systems, the determinants of success are not well known. Where species have parental care, for example, determinants of success can be particul ...
dicent SymbolS in mimicry
... signs. They seem to combine different aspects of the basic categories. Consider, for instance, that on the one hand the flashes point out to the presence and location of the emitting firefly. In these terms, the firefly flashes can be said to be indexical in nature. However, they also refer to cert ...
... signs. They seem to combine different aspects of the basic categories. Consider, for instance, that on the one hand the flashes point out to the presence and location of the emitting firefly. In these terms, the firefly flashes can be said to be indexical in nature. However, they also refer to cert ...
the inheritance of autosomal and sex
... cular marker loci are located on heterochromosomes influencing sex determination. Most studies demonstrating chromosomal sex determination in isopods suggest that females are the heterogametic sex (ZW = females; ZZ = males; Legrand-Hamelin, 1976; Ginsberger-Vogel and CharniauxCotton, 1982; Legrand e ...
... cular marker loci are located on heterochromosomes influencing sex determination. Most studies demonstrating chromosomal sex determination in isopods suggest that females are the heterogametic sex (ZW = females; ZZ = males; Legrand-Hamelin, 1976; Ginsberger-Vogel and CharniauxCotton, 1982; Legrand e ...
Acoustic communication in insects REVIEW
... females are attracted to the males’ songs. Interestingly, an Australian and Pacific Island species of T. oceanicus, have been forced to alter that strategy because of an acoustically orienting parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea. Like the female cricket, this fly is attracted to the male cricket’s calling ...
... females are attracted to the males’ songs. Interestingly, an Australian and Pacific Island species of T. oceanicus, have been forced to alter that strategy because of an acoustically orienting parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea. Like the female cricket, this fly is attracted to the male cricket’s calling ...
A comparative study of the costs of alternative mayfly oviposition
... which is likely to result in variable rates of preoviposition mortality. For example, depending on their oviposition behavior, females may be more or less vulnerable to consumption by aquatic predators (principally fish), aerial predators (e.g., predatory insects or birds), or drowning before releas ...
... which is likely to result in variable rates of preoviposition mortality. For example, depending on their oviposition behavior, females may be more or less vulnerable to consumption by aquatic predators (principally fish), aerial predators (e.g., predatory insects or birds), or drowning before releas ...
Population Structure and Reproduction of the Elongated Tortoise
... One female produced more than one clutch in a season. The undisturbed hatching success was high (81%), but nest disturbances reduced the overall hatching success to 60.3%, with a relatively low hatchling survival rate over the first three months (67%). The main cause of the hatchling mortality is un ...
... One female produced more than one clutch in a season. The undisturbed hatching success was high (81%), but nest disturbances reduced the overall hatching success to 60.3%, with a relatively low hatchling survival rate over the first three months (67%). The main cause of the hatchling mortality is un ...
Inconsistent use of host plants by the Alaskan swallowtail butterfly
... There is at least one example of a species in the P. machaon group that is now restricted to the novel host genus Artemisia (Sperling, 1987); Papilio oregonius Edwards, a close relative of P. m. aliaska (Sperling & Harrison, 1994; Caterino & Sperling, 1999), has shifted completely to the novel host- ...
... There is at least one example of a species in the P. machaon group that is now restricted to the novel host genus Artemisia (Sperling, 1987); Papilio oregonius Edwards, a close relative of P. m. aliaska (Sperling & Harrison, 1994; Caterino & Sperling, 1999), has shifted completely to the novel host- ...
EUSOCIALITY IN AFRICAN MOLE
... Colony size is generally associated with the degree of sociality, but it hasn’t been directly connected with the AFDH. It is apparent that, in habitats with high costs of dispersals, offspring will benefit from staying at home until ecological conditions improve. It follows logically that conditions ...
... Colony size is generally associated with the degree of sociality, but it hasn’t been directly connected with the AFDH. It is apparent that, in habitats with high costs of dispersals, offspring will benefit from staying at home until ecological conditions improve. It follows logically that conditions ...
Individual variation behind the evolution of cooperation
... individual with low resources. By investigating pairs of individuals interacting, Whitlock et al. [38] found that reciprocal food sharing can be evolutionarily stable if an individual’s level of resources changes frequently and unpredictably. Their model, however, does not contain enough ecological ...
... individual with low resources. By investigating pairs of individuals interacting, Whitlock et al. [38] found that reciprocal food sharing can be evolutionarily stable if an individual’s level of resources changes frequently and unpredictably. Their model, however, does not contain enough ecological ...
Spermophilus franklinii
... of vegetation. Animal products are mainly consumed during summer. Seeds and fruits are consumed when available in late summer (Jones et al. 1983). Diet of S. franklinii on spring emergence consists of 75% vegetable matter, such as succulent roots, new shoots of herbaceous plants, and grasses (Sowls ...
... of vegetation. Animal products are mainly consumed during summer. Seeds and fruits are consumed when available in late summer (Jones et al. 1983). Diet of S. franklinii on spring emergence consists of 75% vegetable matter, such as succulent roots, new shoots of herbaceous plants, and grasses (Sowls ...
A Reproductive-Resting Stage in an Harpacticoid Copepod, and the
... Dormancy is an important life-history strategy which allows copepods to increase their fitness by delaying growth and reproduction until harsh environmental conditions have ameliorated. For marine species, the primary strategies identified to date include the production of dormant eggs by shallow-wa ...
... Dormancy is an important life-history strategy which allows copepods to increase their fitness by delaying growth and reproduction until harsh environmental conditions have ameliorated. For marine species, the primary strategies identified to date include the production of dormant eggs by shallow-wa ...
Brown-headed cowbird - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... that there is great flexibility in the behavior of cowbirds, and that the social environment is extremely important in structuring their behavior. Adult males housed with juvenile males were shown to have greater reproductive success compared to adult males housed with other adult males. Being house ...
... that there is great flexibility in the behavior of cowbirds, and that the social environment is extremely important in structuring their behavior. Adult males housed with juvenile males were shown to have greater reproductive success compared to adult males housed with other adult males. Being house ...
Evolution_Review_Activity
... 1. Click on the "Teaching Material" tab at the top of the page, scroll down and then click on the "Grade 9-12 Teacher's Lounge link", Click on the "Comic Strip: Survival of the Sneakiest" and then click "go to resource." Read through the comic strip about crickets and answer the following questions: ...
... 1. Click on the "Teaching Material" tab at the top of the page, scroll down and then click on the "Grade 9-12 Teacher's Lounge link", Click on the "Comic Strip: Survival of the Sneakiest" and then click "go to resource." Read through the comic strip about crickets and answer the following questions: ...
Behavioral ecology
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.