![Sexual segregation in bison: a test of multiple hypotheses](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/001834133_1-56207a1e18628a9e3dadade7eef59644-300x300.png)
Sexual segregation in bison: a test of multiple hypotheses
... Table 1 lists the hypotheses (and associated predictions) identified as the most likely to provide useful explanations of sexual segregation in polygynous ungulates such as bison (Main et al., 1996; Bleich et al., 1997; Ruckstuhl & Neuhaus, 2000, 2002; Mooring et al., 2003). These explanations are b ...
... Table 1 lists the hypotheses (and associated predictions) identified as the most likely to provide useful explanations of sexual segregation in polygynous ungulates such as bison (Main et al., 1996; Bleich et al., 1997; Ruckstuhl & Neuhaus, 2000, 2002; Mooring et al., 2003). These explanations are b ...
video slide - Course-Not
... Male Competition for Mates • Male competition for mates is a source of intrasexual selection that can reduce variation among males. • Such competition may involve agonistic behavior, an often ritualized contest that determines which competitor gains access to a resource. ...
... Male Competition for Mates • Male competition for mates is a source of intrasexual selection that can reduce variation among males. • Such competition may involve agonistic behavior, an often ritualized contest that determines which competitor gains access to a resource. ...
Salmon - WordPress.com
... Shade from trees is lost increasing water temperatures. Other threats include: – Overfishing, urbanization, hydroelectric dams, fish farms, and global warming ...
... Shade from trees is lost increasing water temperatures. Other threats include: – Overfishing, urbanization, hydroelectric dams, fish farms, and global warming ...
Anglerfish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... mature individuals may spawn during a temporary sexual attachment that does not involve fusion of tissue. Males in these species also have well-toothed jaws that are far more effective in hunting than those seen in parasitic species.[17] Finally, some researchers suggest sexual parasitism may be an ...
... mature individuals may spawn during a temporary sexual attachment that does not involve fusion of tissue. Males in these species also have well-toothed jaws that are far more effective in hunting than those seen in parasitic species.[17] Finally, some researchers suggest sexual parasitism may be an ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Limited empirical evidence of directional selection In a recent review of terrestrial ecosystems, Allendorf & Hard (2009) pointed out that selection is important for trait evolution. This conclusion was based on theoretical modelling which indicated that size-selective harvesting can cause shifts in ...
... Limited empirical evidence of directional selection In a recent review of terrestrial ecosystems, Allendorf & Hard (2009) pointed out that selection is important for trait evolution. This conclusion was based on theoretical modelling which indicated that size-selective harvesting can cause shifts in ...
Warning Signal Brightness Variation: Sexual Selection May Work
... of this population using a x2 goodness of fit test, testing the hypothesis that frogs were distributed equally across substrate categories. We then used visual modeling estimates to assess the ability of viewers to distinguish differences between males, using two approaches: (1) comparison of all po ...
... of this population using a x2 goodness of fit test, testing the hypothesis that frogs were distributed equally across substrate categories. We then used visual modeling estimates to assess the ability of viewers to distinguish differences between males, using two approaches: (1) comparison of all po ...
Mass rearing the endangered Palos Verdes blue butterfly
... The changes are inevitable because the environment of the breeding system will not be the same as the environment of the natural habitat. Both pre- and post-zygotic selection will occur whether detectable or not. If the breeding system is designed to save and randomly mate every individual, at some ...
... The changes are inevitable because the environment of the breeding system will not be the same as the environment of the natural habitat. Both pre- and post-zygotic selection will occur whether detectable or not. If the breeding system is designed to save and randomly mate every individual, at some ...
15. sibling competition and the evolution of brood size
... to regulate body temperature and activity at the nest (Dunn 1980; Weathers et al. 1997). Furthermore, requirements are not absolute. Rather, above a minimum threshold required for survival, additional food consumption by nestlings is thought to contribute incrementally to fitness at a diminishing ra ...
... to regulate body temperature and activity at the nest (Dunn 1980; Weathers et al. 1997). Furthermore, requirements are not absolute. Rather, above a minimum threshold required for survival, additional food consumption by nestlings is thought to contribute incrementally to fitness at a diminishing ra ...
video slide - Manchester Township School District
... • Certainty of paternity is much higher when egg laying and mating occur together, as in external fertilization • In species with external fertilization, parental care is at least as likely to be by males as by females Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Certainty of paternity is much higher when egg laying and mating occur together, as in external fertilization • In species with external fertilization, parental care is at least as likely to be by males as by females Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Insects Living With Ants!
... colony has a chemical signature and they have three castes viz. queens, males and workers. Associations between termites and ants are well documented. They are mainly in the form of few ants living in a termite colony or few termites living in an ants nest. The former type is more common. It is l ...
... colony has a chemical signature and they have three castes viz. queens, males and workers. Associations between termites and ants are well documented. They are mainly in the form of few ants living in a termite colony or few termites living in an ants nest. The former type is more common. It is l ...
Chapter 5 Overview of Living Primates
... Use a climbing quadrupedalism. Some are insectivorous; others supplement their diet with fruit, leaves, gums, and slugs. Females frequently form associations for foraging or in sharing the same sleeping nest. ...
... Use a climbing quadrupedalism. Some are insectivorous; others supplement their diet with fruit, leaves, gums, and slugs. Females frequently form associations for foraging or in sharing the same sleeping nest. ...
Experimental evidence for fundamental, and not realized, niche
... 1. Patterns of niche partitioning can result from local ecological interactions (e.g. interspecific competition) occurring within a contemporary time frame (realized niche partitioning). Alternatively, they may represent the end product of historical processes acting over long time frames (fundament ...
... 1. Patterns of niche partitioning can result from local ecological interactions (e.g. interspecific competition) occurring within a contemporary time frame (realized niche partitioning). Alternatively, they may represent the end product of historical processes acting over long time frames (fundament ...
Natural Selection and Adaptation
... design because among many random genetic variations (mutations) affecting the behavior of an ancestral ant species, those displayed by Oecophylla enhanced survival and reproduction under its particular ecological circumstances. Adaptive biological processes appear to have goals: weaver ants act as i ...
... design because among many random genetic variations (mutations) affecting the behavior of an ancestral ant species, those displayed by Oecophylla enhanced survival and reproduction under its particular ecological circumstances. Adaptive biological processes appear to have goals: weaver ants act as i ...
Wall lizards of the Pityuses archipelago
... don’t really know yet; but, the preliminary results from my research suggest that conspicuous colors like blue and green may have evolved by a form of natural selection called sexual selection. Sexual selection arises from to variation in reproductive success due to competition for mates. These liza ...
... don’t really know yet; but, the preliminary results from my research suggest that conspicuous colors like blue and green may have evolved by a form of natural selection called sexual selection. Sexual selection arises from to variation in reproductive success due to competition for mates. These liza ...
Natural Selection and Adaptation
... design because among many random genetic variations (mutations) affecting the behavior of an ancestral ant species, those displayed by Oecophylla enhanced survival and reproduction under its particular ecological circumstances. Adaptive biological processes appear to have goals: weaver ants act as i ...
... design because among many random genetic variations (mutations) affecting the behavior of an ancestral ant species, those displayed by Oecophylla enhanced survival and reproduction under its particular ecological circumstances. Adaptive biological processes appear to have goals: weaver ants act as i ...
The Socioecology of the Ringtailed Lemur: Thirty-Five Years of Research ARTICLES
... focus quickly as new foods become available and often make long excursions out of their normal home range to monitor seasonal food sources.8,43,45 In addition, they can exploit water ...
... focus quickly as new foods become available and often make long excursions out of their normal home range to monitor seasonal food sources.8,43,45 In addition, they can exploit water ...
University of Groningen Introduction Dennen, JMG van der
... This volume is devoted to one type of analysis of conflict, the sociobiological one. In The Sociobiology of Ethnocentrism, a book closely related to many of the ideas and some authors of this volume, sociobiology was defined as ‘the branch of biology that concerns itself with the explanation of soci ...
... This volume is devoted to one type of analysis of conflict, the sociobiological one. In The Sociobiology of Ethnocentrism, a book closely related to many of the ideas and some authors of this volume, sociobiology was defined as ‘the branch of biology that concerns itself with the explanation of soci ...
The TKMG Tree-kangaroo Fact-File - The Tree
... family Macropodidae. Therein the latin term for the tree-kangaroo genus is Dendrolagus, meaning tree-(dendro) -hare(lagus). In tandem with the genus name the scientific species name in the Lumholtz’s case is: Dendrolagus lumholtzi. Kangaroos started to evolve from possum-like ancestors that lived in ...
... family Macropodidae. Therein the latin term for the tree-kangaroo genus is Dendrolagus, meaning tree-(dendro) -hare(lagus). In tandem with the genus name the scientific species name in the Lumholtz’s case is: Dendrolagus lumholtzi. Kangaroos started to evolve from possum-like ancestors that lived in ...
territorial behavior and population regulation in birds
... poorer, densities were lower and more variable. These authors showed that the density in the preferred habitat, the mixed wood, was in effect buffered; while that in the pines was not. They referred to this phenomenon as the bujjer effect and concluded that it was due primarily to a balance between ...
... poorer, densities were lower and more variable. These authors showed that the density in the preferred habitat, the mixed wood, was in effect buffered; while that in the pines was not. They referred to this phenomenon as the bujjer effect and concluded that it was due primarily to a balance between ...
size-selective harvesting alters life histories of a temperate sex
... influence of harvest practices, initiates changes within populations when individuals possessing certain heritable traits have increased fitness. Theory predicts that increased mortality rates will select for changes in a number of different life history characteristics. For example, fishing often targ ...
... influence of harvest practices, initiates changes within populations when individuals possessing certain heritable traits have increased fitness. Theory predicts that increased mortality rates will select for changes in a number of different life history characteristics. For example, fishing often targ ...
Araneae: Salticidae
... this unusual prey-catching behaviour is in the genus Myrmarachne is unknown. Also, M. lupata eats other spiders’ eggs (Jackson, 1986a), which is unusual for salticids (Jackson, unpubl. data), but how common feeding on eggs is in the genus Myrmarachne is unknown. (3) How does the predatory behaviour ...
... this unusual prey-catching behaviour is in the genus Myrmarachne is unknown. Also, M. lupata eats other spiders’ eggs (Jackson, 1986a), which is unusual for salticids (Jackson, unpubl. data), but how common feeding on eggs is in the genus Myrmarachne is unknown. (3) How does the predatory behaviour ...
notes and comments - The University of Sydney
... of size-specific vulnerability predict that both patterns will occur, but the two variables may be more tightly coupled under the coevolution hypothesis (because it posits a causal relationship between the variables) than under the model of sizespecific vulnerability. Detailed phylogenetic analysis ...
... of size-specific vulnerability predict that both patterns will occur, but the two variables may be more tightly coupled under the coevolution hypothesis (because it posits a causal relationship between the variables) than under the model of sizespecific vulnerability. Detailed phylogenetic analysis ...
Kin selection is the key to altruism Kevin R. Foster
... natural selection: ‘If it could be proved that any part of the structure of any one species had been formed for the exclusive good of another species, it would annihilate my theory.’ [16]. We know of no such examples for either kin selection or natural selection. It is perhaps surprising, therefore, ...
... natural selection: ‘If it could be proved that any part of the structure of any one species had been formed for the exclusive good of another species, it would annihilate my theory.’ [16]. We know of no such examples for either kin selection or natural selection. It is perhaps surprising, therefore, ...
Corpse Management in Social Insects - UKnowledge
... accepted for decades [23, 24]. However, certain aspects of undertaking behavior could not be explained by this hypothesis alone. Gordon found that oleic acid released foraging as well as undertaking behavior in Pogonomyrmex badius , depending on the social activities of the colony at a given time [2 ...
... accepted for decades [23, 24]. However, certain aspects of undertaking behavior could not be explained by this hypothesis alone. Gordon found that oleic acid released foraging as well as undertaking behavior in Pogonomyrmex badius , depending on the social activities of the colony at a given time [2 ...
Dow, R. 1942a. The relation between prey and sex in the cicada
... However, at two locations in north Florida we reported that several cicada species with a body mass range exceeding an order of magnitude were used as prey. We noted that the wasps from Newberry, FL were small and the wasps from St. Johns, FL were much larger, despite the fact that the locations wer ...
... However, at two locations in north Florida we reported that several cicada species with a body mass range exceeding an order of magnitude were used as prey. We noted that the wasps from Newberry, FL were small and the wasps from St. Johns, FL were much larger, despite the fact that the locations wer ...
Behavioral ecology
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aptenodytes_forsteri_-Snow_Hill_Island,_Antarctica_-juvenile-8.jpg?width=300)
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.