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Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure

... 19. Lead has 4 naturally occurring isotopes. Listed below are symbols for these isotopes along with their percent abundance. Using this information, calculate the “average” atomic mass of Pb. (Note: You may complete this calculation on the back of a one of the sheets in this packet). 122 Pb ...
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Practice Test #2 - smhs
Practice Test #2 - smhs

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Worksheet 2: 1-19-17 - Iowa State University
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... The average atomic mass of Eu is 151.96 amu. There are only two naturally occurring isotopes of europium, 151Eu with a mass of 151.0 amu and 153Eu with a mass of 153.0 amu. The natural abundance of the 131Eu isotope must be approximately a) ...
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Isotopic labeling



Isotopic labeling (or isotopic labelling) is a technique used to track the passage of an isotope, or an atom with a variation, through a reaction, metabolic pathway, or cell. The reactant is 'labeled' by replacing specific atoms by their isotope. The reactant is then allowed to undergo the reaction. The position of the isotopes in the products is measured to determine the sequence the isotopic atom followed in the reaction or the cell's metabolic pathway. The nuclides used in isotopic labeling may be stable nuclides or radionuclides. In the latter case, the labeling is called radiolabeling.In isotopic labeling, there are multiple ways to detect the presence of labeling isotopes; through their mass, vibrational mode, or radioactive decay. Mass spectrometry detects the difference in an isotope's mass, while infrared spectroscopy detects the difference in the isotope's vibrational modes. Nuclear magnetic resonance detects atoms with different gyromagnetic ratios. The radioactive decay can be detected through an ionization chamber or autoradiographs of gels.An example of the use of isotopic labeling is the study of phenol (C6H5OH) in water by replacing common hydrogen (protium) with deuterium (deuterium labeling). Upon adding phenol to deuterated water (water containing D2O in addition to the usual H2O), the substitution of deuterium for the hydrogen is observed in phenol's hydroxyl group (resulting in C6H5OD), indicating that phenol readily undergoes hydrogen-exchange reactions with water. Only the hydroxyl group was affected, indicating that the other 5 hydrogen atoms did not participate in these exchange reactions.
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