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Quarter 1
Quarter 1

... 5. Ernest Rutherford performed an experiment in which he shot alpha particles through a thin layer of gold foil. He predicted that the alpha particles would travel straight through the gold ...
GCE Chemistry Specification (From 2015 - WALES ONLY
GCE Chemistry Specification (From 2015 - WALES ONLY

... understanding of the links between different areas of content. In practice, this means that some questions set in A2 units will require learners to demonstrate their ability to draw together different areas of knowledge and understanding from across the full course of study. Each topic area includes ...
Amount of substance
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... volume 1.80 dm3. At equilibrium, the vessel contains 0.0500 mol of SO2(g), 0.0800 mol of O2(g) and 0.0700 mol of SO3(g). At equilibrium in the same vessel of volume 1.80 dm3 under altered conditions, the reaction mixture contains 0.0700 mol of SO3(g), 0.0500 mol of SO2(g) and 0.0900 mol of O2(g) at ...
mc_ch08 - MrBrownsChem1LCHS
mc_ch08 - MrBrownsChem1LCHS

... • List three observations that suggest that a chemical reaction has taken place. • List three requirements for a correctly written chemical equation. • Write a word equation and a formula equation for a given chemical reaction. • Balance a formula equation by inspection. ...
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry

... done the same as converting dozens to items. 1.5 doz = (1.5 doz)(12 items.doz-1) = 18 items and 1.5 mol = (1.5 mol)( 6.0x1023 atoms.mol-1) = 9.0x1023 atoms. The mole is used simply because it is much easier to discuss the number of atoms in moles than it is as individual items - 0.10 mol H2O is a mu ...
Sample Exercise 3.1 Interpreting and Balancing Chemical Equations
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Unit 12: Electrochemistry

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Aromatic Chemistry - heckgrammar.co.uk

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... subjected to various processes on them. Deuterium (D) fractionation of interstellar molecules is an important issue when considering chemical evolution in MCs. Previous studies revealed that atomic grain-surface reactions play a significant role for the D enrichment of interstellar molecules such as ...
Chemistry - College Catalog
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2010 Released SOL
2010 Released SOL

...   D  29. What is the name for FeCl3 using the IUPAC nomenclature rules? a. Iron chloride c. Iron trichloride b. Iron (II) chloride d. Iron (III) chloride ANSWER: D IUPAC stands for The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and is the current way for naming compounds.  In this case, you w ...
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Bioorthogonal chemistry



The term bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reaction that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes. The term was coined by Carolyn R. Bertozzi in 2003. Since its introduction, the concept of the bioorthogonal reaction has enabled the study of biomolecules such as glycans, proteins, and lipids in real time in living systems without cellular toxicity. A number of chemical ligation strategies have been developed that fulfill the requirements of bioorthogonality, including the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides and cyclooctynes (also termed copper-free click chemistry), between nitrones and cyclooctynes, oxime/hydrazone formation from aldehydes and ketones, the tetrazine ligation, the isocyanide-based click reaction, and most recently, the quadricyclane ligation.The use of bioorthogonal chemistry typically proceeds in two steps. First, a cellular substrate is modified with a bioorthogonal functional group (chemical reporter) and introduced to the cell; substrates include metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, etc. The chemical reporter must not alter the structure of the substrate dramatically to avoid affecting its bioactivity. Secondly, a probe containing the complementary functional group is introduced to react and label the substrate.Although effective bioorthogonal reactions such as copper-free click chemistry have been developed, development of new reactions continues to generate orthogonal methods for labeling to allow multiple methods of labeling to be used in the same biosystems.
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