Nup358 interacts with APC and plays a role in cell polarization
... To delineate the region within APC that is required for the interaction with Nup358, HEK293 cells transiently expressing different fragments of APC (Fig. 1C) were subjected to immunoprecipitation with Nup358 antibodies. The middle region (1211-1859 amino acids), hereafter called APC-M, was specifica ...
... To delineate the region within APC that is required for the interaction with Nup358, HEK293 cells transiently expressing different fragments of APC (Fig. 1C) were subjected to immunoprecipitation with Nup358 antibodies. The middle region (1211-1859 amino acids), hereafter called APC-M, was specifica ...
Molecular regulation of the diatom cell cycle
... dynamics. Nutrient limitation at the end of a diatom bloom period is often accompanied by switches in the diatom life cycle phase from vegetative division to spore formation or sexual reproduction (Smetacek, 2012). The major limiting nutrients of primary production in the oceans are nitrogen, phosph ...
... dynamics. Nutrient limitation at the end of a diatom bloom period is often accompanied by switches in the diatom life cycle phase from vegetative division to spore formation or sexual reproduction (Smetacek, 2012). The major limiting nutrients of primary production in the oceans are nitrogen, phosph ...
View - OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center
... cell (3-5). During S phase the chromosomes are duplicated and start to condense coupled with the breakdown of the nuclear envelope. During prophase sister chromatids are held close together by sister chromatid cohesin. The kinetochores of the sister chromatids attach to spindle fibers which align th ...
... cell (3-5). During S phase the chromosomes are duplicated and start to condense coupled with the breakdown of the nuclear envelope. During prophase sister chromatids are held close together by sister chromatid cohesin. The kinetochores of the sister chromatids attach to spindle fibers which align th ...
Bacterial chromosome segregation
... In eukaryotic cells, chromosome replication, segregation and cell division are separated in time. Chromosomes are duplicated in S phase and remain together during G2 phase. Partitioning occurs in M phase and then the cell divides after the chromosomes have segregated to opposite halves of the cell. ...
... In eukaryotic cells, chromosome replication, segregation and cell division are separated in time. Chromosomes are duplicated in S phase and remain together during G2 phase. Partitioning occurs in M phase and then the cell divides after the chromosomes have segregated to opposite halves of the cell. ...
Chromatin and the genome integrity network
... that chromatin primarily regulates the initial accessibil- results are unclear. Likewise, chromatin remodelling by ity of the lesion to the repair machinery. Indeed, a large the budding yeast INO80 complex does not appear to number of the ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling have an impact on the eff ...
... that chromatin primarily regulates the initial accessibil- results are unclear. Likewise, chromatin remodelling by ity of the lesion to the repair machinery. Indeed, a large the budding yeast INO80 complex does not appear to number of the ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling have an impact on the eff ...
nimO is required for the G1/S transition
... removal of HU, DNA synthesis after the shift to restrictive temperature was much diminished. Since nimO18 mutant cells were capable of DNA synthesis after the shift, albeit more slowly, nimO must be necessary for the initiation of S phase. However, because the rate of DNA synthesis was ...
... removal of HU, DNA synthesis after the shift to restrictive temperature was much diminished. Since nimO18 mutant cells were capable of DNA synthesis after the shift, albeit more slowly, nimO must be necessary for the initiation of S phase. However, because the rate of DNA synthesis was ...
Elg1 forms an alternative RFC complex important for DNA
... in HU-arrested cells to assess S±M checkpoint function in elg1D cells (Figure 4). ELG1 was not required for Rad53 activation following HU arrest, as we observed wild-type levels of Rad53 phosphorylation in the elg1D mutant (Figure 4A). The ctf18D rad24D mutant displayed a clear defect in Rad53 activ ...
... in HU-arrested cells to assess S±M checkpoint function in elg1D cells (Figure 4). ELG1 was not required for Rad53 activation following HU arrest, as we observed wild-type levels of Rad53 phosphorylation in the elg1D mutant (Figure 4A). The ctf18D rad24D mutant displayed a clear defect in Rad53 activ ...
distribution of microtubules in the golgi apparatus of euglena gracilis
... 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 ml of media, in the dark, and without shaking. They were exposed to room illumination for about 1-2 h prior to being fixed for microscopy. Cells were prefixed in 005 M sec-collidine-buffered glutaraldehyde (2 %)-paraformaldehyde (2 %) for 45 min, rinsed well i ...
... 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 ml of media, in the dark, and without shaking. They were exposed to room illumination for about 1-2 h prior to being fixed for microscopy. Cells were prefixed in 005 M sec-collidine-buffered glutaraldehyde (2 %)-paraformaldehyde (2 %) for 45 min, rinsed well i ...
the scf ubiquitin ligase: insights into a molecular machine
... The distribution of genes that encode F-box proteins (FBPs) in several genomes is evident from genomic analysis (see figure), with several mammalian FBPs having important orthologues in lower organisms113. The figure shows the taxonomic distribution of FBPs from the InterPro database (see the online ...
... The distribution of genes that encode F-box proteins (FBPs) in several genomes is evident from genomic analysis (see figure), with several mammalian FBPs having important orthologues in lower organisms113. The figure shows the taxonomic distribution of FBPs from the InterPro database (see the online ...
S. cerevisiae Mitotic Exit Activator
... The key roles of the S phase cyclins are to activate DNA replication and spindle pole body duplication and to prevent the inappropriate re-initiation of DNA replication upon completion of S phase (Dahmann et al., 1995). Although the S phase and mitotic cyclins are expressed at different times, they ...
... The key roles of the S phase cyclins are to activate DNA replication and spindle pole body duplication and to prevent the inappropriate re-initiation of DNA replication upon completion of S phase (Dahmann et al., 1995). Although the S phase and mitotic cyclins are expressed at different times, they ...
Cytoskeletal Motors in Arabidopsis. Sixty
... Members of the kinesin superfamily are one of the two families of microtubule-based motors that share a catalytic core of about 350 amino acids containing an ATP-binding site and a microtubule-binding site. The catalytic core is often juxtaposed with an a-helical domain of smaller than 50 amino acid ...
... Members of the kinesin superfamily are one of the two families of microtubule-based motors that share a catalytic core of about 350 amino acids containing an ATP-binding site and a microtubule-binding site. The catalytic core is often juxtaposed with an a-helical domain of smaller than 50 amino acid ...
The AtRAD51C Gene Is Required for Normal Meiotic Chromosome
... (Fig. 2, G and H). Examination of the mutant flowers indicated that they were male sterile and mutant anthers failed to produce functional pollen grains (Fig. 2, D, F, and J). Some pollen grains were produced in the mutant, but they had abnormal sizes (Fig. 2F) and stained blue with Alexander’s solu ...
... (Fig. 2, G and H). Examination of the mutant flowers indicated that they were male sterile and mutant anthers failed to produce functional pollen grains (Fig. 2, D, F, and J). Some pollen grains were produced in the mutant, but they had abnormal sizes (Fig. 2F) and stained blue with Alexander’s solu ...
Role of the spindle pole body of yeast in mediating assembly of the
... most likely due to a recruitment of cytoplasmic pools of the protein to the SPBs. After completion of spore formation, the signal for Cnm67p disappeared and the signal for Nud1p became much fainter. Only the signal for Spc42p was found to be prominent in tetrads (Figure 3A). However, it could no lon ...
... most likely due to a recruitment of cytoplasmic pools of the protein to the SPBs. After completion of spore formation, the signal for Cnm67p disappeared and the signal for Nud1p became much fainter. Only the signal for Spc42p was found to be prominent in tetrads (Figure 3A). However, it could no lon ...
Checkpoint responses to unusual structures formed by DNA repeats
... of stalled replication forks, the damage response includes inhibition of origin firing and stabilization of stalled replisomes. Depending on the cell cycle phase when the DNA damage and the cell cycle arrest occur, the damage response is subdivided into a G1/S, an intra-S, and a G2/M checkpoint resp ...
... of stalled replication forks, the damage response includes inhibition of origin firing and stabilization of stalled replisomes. Depending on the cell cycle phase when the DNA damage and the cell cycle arrest occur, the damage response is subdivided into a G1/S, an intra-S, and a G2/M checkpoint resp ...
Cyclin synthesis and degradation and the embryonic cell cycle
... substrate for the next, or as a series of essentially independent events that are linked to each other by feedback controls. The latter view is illustrated in Fig. 1, where the feedback controls have been illustrated as points where the cell cycle stops until certain conditions have been met: the bo ...
... substrate for the next, or as a series of essentially independent events that are linked to each other by feedback controls. The latter view is illustrated in Fig. 1, where the feedback controls have been illustrated as points where the cell cycle stops until certain conditions have been met: the bo ...
Functional coupling of microtubules to membranes
... In vivo, organelles do not move with a simple linear trajectory from A to B. Their path is interspersed with many stops and starts and, indeed, frequent changes of direction. The saltatory (‘stop–start’) motility could relate to the competing activity of opposing motors (i.e. a ‘tug-of-war’ between ...
... In vivo, organelles do not move with a simple linear trajectory from A to B. Their path is interspersed with many stops and starts and, indeed, frequent changes of direction. The saltatory (‘stop–start’) motility could relate to the competing activity of opposing motors (i.e. a ‘tug-of-war’ between ...
Actin microfilaments in fungi
... Cytokinesis and septation After nuclei have divided, the processes of cytokinesis and septation give rise to daughter cells in yeast and to partitions in hyphae. These processes are accomplished by a septal band that contracts inwards as septal wall material is deposited. The band contains F-actin a ...
... Cytokinesis and septation After nuclei have divided, the processes of cytokinesis and septation give rise to daughter cells in yeast and to partitions in hyphae. These processes are accomplished by a septal band that contracts inwards as septal wall material is deposited. The band contains F-actin a ...
OsRAN2, essential for mitosis, enhances cold tolerance in rice by
... (Haizel et al. 1997; Vernoud et al. 2003). The temperaturesensitive mutants of Pim1 were reported to enter mitosis without completing chromosomal DNA replication in Fission yeast, and overexpression of yeast Ran GTPase homolog Spi1 could suppress the pim1-46 mutant phenotype (Matsumoto & Beach 1991) ...
... (Haizel et al. 1997; Vernoud et al. 2003). The temperaturesensitive mutants of Pim1 were reported to enter mitosis without completing chromosomal DNA replication in Fission yeast, and overexpression of yeast Ran GTPase homolog Spi1 could suppress the pim1-46 mutant phenotype (Matsumoto & Beach 1991) ...
Phospholipase D Activation Correlates with Microtubule
... (Munnik et al., 1995; van Himbergen et al., 1999). The mechanism by which these compounds activate PLD remains unknown, but they both have the practical advantage that active and inactive analogs are known. For example, Mas7 and n -butanol are active, whereas Mas17 and tert-butanol are inactive (Mun ...
... (Munnik et al., 1995; van Himbergen et al., 1999). The mechanism by which these compounds activate PLD remains unknown, but they both have the practical advantage that active and inactive analogs are known. For example, Mas7 and n -butanol are active, whereas Mas17 and tert-butanol are inactive (Mun ...
Role of Polycomb Group Protein Cbx2/M33 in Meiosis Onset and
... Notably, the identification of fetal male germ cells with precocious synaptonemal complex formation and a zygotene-like configuration on day 18.5 pc constitutes the first evidence indicating that Cbx2 may play a critical role in maintenance of the pre-meiotic arrest in fetal male germ cells. Previou ...
... Notably, the identification of fetal male germ cells with precocious synaptonemal complex formation and a zygotene-like configuration on day 18.5 pc constitutes the first evidence indicating that Cbx2 may play a critical role in maintenance of the pre-meiotic arrest in fetal male germ cells. Previou ...
Forespore membrane assembly in yeast
... localizes to the plasma membrane in the medial region and cell ends during vegetative growth (Edamatsu and Toyoshima, 2003), and to the FSM during sporulation (Y. Maeda, personal communication). Temperature-sensitive mutations in psy1 lead to defective FSM assembly even at the permissive temperature ...
... localizes to the plasma membrane in the medial region and cell ends during vegetative growth (Edamatsu and Toyoshima, 2003), and to the FSM during sporulation (Y. Maeda, personal communication). Temperature-sensitive mutations in psy1 lead to defective FSM assembly even at the permissive temperature ...
Fine mapping of re-arranged Y chromosome in three infertile
... for the Yp11.1–q11.1 a-satellite region (CEP Y alpha (DYZ3) (named thereafter ‘centromeric probe’) (Vysis, IL, USA). On metaphase chromosomes of control fertile patients, all three probes displayed a strong spot-like signal on each chromatid, which localized exclusively to the proximal part of the l ...
... for the Yp11.1–q11.1 a-satellite region (CEP Y alpha (DYZ3) (named thereafter ‘centromeric probe’) (Vysis, IL, USA). On metaphase chromosomes of control fertile patients, all three probes displayed a strong spot-like signal on each chromatid, which localized exclusively to the proximal part of the l ...
Mitotic Block Induced in HeLa Cells by Low Concentrations of
... cells had exited mitosis into an apparent interphase state (as deter mined by decondensation of chromosomes and reformation of nuclear membrane, described further below and in Fig. 5). For example, 24 h after 10 nM paclitaxel was removed from the medium, the percentage of cells in mitosis was reduce ...
... cells had exited mitosis into an apparent interphase state (as deter mined by decondensation of chromosomes and reformation of nuclear membrane, described further below and in Fig. 5). For example, 24 h after 10 nM paclitaxel was removed from the medium, the percentage of cells in mitosis was reduce ...
L 9 Myosin
... Network of long protein strands located in the cytosol not surrounded by membranes Consist of microtubules and microfilaments ...
... Network of long protein strands located in the cytosol not surrounded by membranes Consist of microtubules and microfilaments ...
NuMA assembles into an extensive filamentous structure when
... 1987; Gerace and Burke, 1988). These structural changes are necessary for the efficient segregation of the nuclear components into each of the daughter cells, and examples of these physical rearrangements include the condensation of the chromosomes, the dissolution of the nuclear lamina, and the ves ...
... 1987; Gerace and Burke, 1988). These structural changes are necessary for the efficient segregation of the nuclear components into each of the daughter cells, and examples of these physical rearrangements include the condensation of the chromosomes, the dissolution of the nuclear lamina, and the ves ...
Spindle checkpoint
During the process of cell division, the spindle checkpoint prevents separation of the duplicated chromosomes until each chromosome is properly attached to the spindle apparatus. In order to preserve the cell's identity and proper function, it is necessary to maintain the appropriate number of chromosomes after each cell division. An error in generating daughter cells with fewer or greater number of chromosomes than expected (a situation termed aneuploidy), may lead in best case to cell death, or alternatively it may generate catastrophic phenotypic results. Examples include: In cancer cells, aneuploidy is a frequent event, indicating that these cells present a defect in the machinery involved in chromosome segregation, as well as in the mechanism ensuring that segregation is correctly performed. In humans, Down syndrome appears in children carrying in their cells one extra copy of chromosome 21, as a result of a defect in chromosome segregation during meiosis in one of the progenitors. This defect will generate a gamete (spermatozoide or oocyte) with an extra chromosome 21. After fecundation, this gamete will generate an embryo with three copies of chromosome 21.The mechanisms verifying that all the requirements to pass to the next phase in the cell cycle have been fulfilled are called checkpoints. All along the cell cycle, there are different checkpoints. The checkpoint ensuring that chromosome segregation is correct is termed spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), spindle checkpoint or mitotic checkpoint. During mitosis or meiosis, the spindle checkpoint prevents anaphase onset until all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle. To achieve proper segregation, the two kinetochores on the sister chromatids must be attached to opposite spindle poles (bipolar orientation). Only this pattern of attachment will ensure that each daughter cell receives one copy of the chromosome.