Caudal Topographic Nucleus Isthmi and the Rostra1
... from the front, and then turn caudomedially to run over the tectal surface in the stratum opticum (Fig. 12A,B;insets in Figs. 8, 16). Third, these terminals do not arise from neurons labeled in Imr, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, or profundus mesencephali rostralis (PMr). The axons of neurons in ...
... from the front, and then turn caudomedially to run over the tectal surface in the stratum opticum (Fig. 12A,B;insets in Figs. 8, 16). Third, these terminals do not arise from neurons labeled in Imr, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, or profundus mesencephali rostralis (PMr). The axons of neurons in ...
Hypothalamic control of energy balance: different peptides, different functions
... effective doses, -EP and NE produced an eating response which was significantly larger than either of the responses elicited separately by -EP or NE and was essentially equal to the sum of these two responses. The evidence obtained in this study suggests that -EP and NE stimulate food ingestion t ...
... effective doses, -EP and NE produced an eating response which was significantly larger than either of the responses elicited separately by -EP or NE and was essentially equal to the sum of these two responses. The evidence obtained in this study suggests that -EP and NE stimulate food ingestion t ...
The central nervous system.
... teleosts, the terminal nerve ganglion cells lie in or near the ventral olfactory bulb. These ganglion cells have a peripheral dendrite which sometimes reaches into the olfactory mucosa and a central axon which always projects beyond the olfactory bulbs into the ventral telencephalon, preoptic region ...
... teleosts, the terminal nerve ganglion cells lie in or near the ventral olfactory bulb. These ganglion cells have a peripheral dendrite which sometimes reaches into the olfactory mucosa and a central axon which always projects beyond the olfactory bulbs into the ventral telencephalon, preoptic region ...
Hunger and satiety: one brain for two? - AJP
... have been useful if the authors had verified their results with mammalian members of the BB family of peptides. The other player in the current paper by Mönnikes and colleagues (8), amylin, is synthesized by the pancreatic -cells and cosecreted with insulin. One of the best investigated functions ...
... have been useful if the authors had verified their results with mammalian members of the BB family of peptides. The other player in the current paper by Mönnikes and colleagues (8), amylin, is synthesized by the pancreatic -cells and cosecreted with insulin. One of the best investigated functions ...
Control of echolocation pulses by neurons of the nucleus ambiguus
... H R P injections were m a d e into different parts of the nucleus ambiguus in six horseshoe bats. The neurotracer was located either in the intermediate part of the nucleus ambiguus, hosting the R L N as well as the S L N m o t o n e u r o n s , or in the rostral part of the nucleus containing the S ...
... H R P injections were m a d e into different parts of the nucleus ambiguus in six horseshoe bats. The neurotracer was located either in the intermediate part of the nucleus ambiguus, hosting the R L N as well as the S L N m o t o n e u r o n s , or in the rostral part of the nucleus containing the S ...
- Wiley Online Library
... (Fig. 1). Its widest cross-sectional diameter, on average 1730 µm, was found in the middle third. In cross-section, the 7Mot showed an ovoid to triangular shape with the long axis directed from the ventrolateral to the dorsomedial portion. The nucleus consisted of typical motoneurons (Fig. 2) groupe ...
... (Fig. 1). Its widest cross-sectional diameter, on average 1730 µm, was found in the middle third. In cross-section, the 7Mot showed an ovoid to triangular shape with the long axis directed from the ventrolateral to the dorsomedial portion. The nucleus consisted of typical motoneurons (Fig. 2) groupe ...
CHEMICAL SIGNALS AND VOMERONASAL SYSTEM FUNCTION
... cloaca as the pair moves in a circle. After several minutes of waltzing, the male moves away from the female, which follows closely behind, often touching his tail with her snout. During this stage of courtship, the male slowly shakes the posterior parts of the body and tail from side to side with a ...
... cloaca as the pair moves in a circle. After several minutes of waltzing, the male moves away from the female, which follows closely behind, often touching his tail with her snout. During this stage of courtship, the male slowly shakes the posterior parts of the body and tail from side to side with a ...
P 6 Steps to Prevent Prostate Cancer Dr. David Brownstein’s
... “first-pass” effect to occur in the liver. That means that testosterone taken orally will be deactivated when it passes through the liver. This can be avoided by taking testosterone either transdermally or by injection. At my practice, we have testosterone specially formulated by a compounding pharm ...
... “first-pass” effect to occur in the liver. That means that testosterone taken orally will be deactivated when it passes through the liver. This can be avoided by taking testosterone either transdermally or by injection. At my practice, we have testosterone specially formulated by a compounding pharm ...
The Morphology of Physiologically Identified GABAergic Neurons in
... in a diffuse ascending cortical activating system was widespread (e.g., see Jasper, 1960). It is now recognized, however, that the cellular reaction in the reticular nucleus after cortical lesions does not denote a direct projection from the reticular nucleus to the cerebral cortex but, rather, the ...
... in a diffuse ascending cortical activating system was widespread (e.g., see Jasper, 1960). It is now recognized, however, that the cellular reaction in the reticular nucleus after cortical lesions does not denote a direct projection from the reticular nucleus to the cerebral cortex but, rather, the ...
Normal Menstrual cycle
... the result of multicircuit electrical activity in the GnRH producing cells of the arcuate nucleus. To date no convincing evidence is available that any modulation of this multicircuit activity can increase the synchronized firing rate of GnRH neurons above their intrinsic maximum of approximately on ...
... the result of multicircuit electrical activity in the GnRH producing cells of the arcuate nucleus. To date no convincing evidence is available that any modulation of this multicircuit activity can increase the synchronized firing rate of GnRH neurons above their intrinsic maximum of approximately on ...
Amygdala Modulation of Cerebellar Learning
... For all experiments, rats were anesthetized with 2–3% isoflurane and administered an analgesic subcutaneously (Ketofen, 5 mg/kg). All stereotaxic coordinates are relative to bregma. For amygdala infusion and pressure injection surgeries, the coordinates used were as follows: anteroposterior, ⫺2.4 mm ...
... For all experiments, rats were anesthetized with 2–3% isoflurane and administered an analgesic subcutaneously (Ketofen, 5 mg/kg). All stereotaxic coordinates are relative to bregma. For amygdala infusion and pressure injection surgeries, the coordinates used were as follows: anteroposterior, ⫺2.4 mm ...
Genetic and Environmental Causes of Individual Differences in
... genetically identical, and therefore differences between them are solely due to the environment. DZ twins share, on the average, 50% of their genes, and therefore differences between them are due to a combination of environmental and genetic factors (20 –22). Structural equation modeling was used to ...
... genetically identical, and therefore differences between them are solely due to the environment. DZ twins share, on the average, 50% of their genes, and therefore differences between them are due to a combination of environmental and genetic factors (20 –22). Structural equation modeling was used to ...
Neuro Chapter 17 p 791-805 [4-20
... the hypothalamus into a medial hypothalamic area and a lateral hypothalamic area o The lateral hypothalamic area has the lateral hypothalamic nucleus, and the medial forebrain bundle, which carries many connections to and from the hypothalamus Most the nuclei are in the medial hypothalamic area, whi ...
... the hypothalamus into a medial hypothalamic area and a lateral hypothalamic area o The lateral hypothalamic area has the lateral hypothalamic nucleus, and the medial forebrain bundle, which carries many connections to and from the hypothalamus Most the nuclei are in the medial hypothalamic area, whi ...
Adrenal The Role of Stress
... S t • Tired for no reason. • Trouble getting up in the morning, even when you go to bed at a reasonable hour hour. • Feeling rundown or overwhelmed. • Difficulty bouncing back from stress or illness. • F Feell more awake, k alert l t and d energetic ti after ft 6PM than you do all day. ...
... S t • Tired for no reason. • Trouble getting up in the morning, even when you go to bed at a reasonable hour hour. • Feeling rundown or overwhelmed. • Difficulty bouncing back from stress or illness. • F Feell more awake, k alert l t and d energetic ti after ft 6PM than you do all day. ...
Beyond the reward hypothesis: alternative functions of nucleus
... accumbens infusions of DA antagonists at doses that impair sucrose-reinforced runway performance did not impair sucrose intake [36]. DA depletions that impaired performance on ratio schedules did not impair performance of the FR1 schedule, in which a rat only has to press once to receive reinforceme ...
... accumbens infusions of DA antagonists at doses that impair sucrose-reinforced runway performance did not impair sucrose intake [36]. DA depletions that impaired performance on ratio schedules did not impair performance of the FR1 schedule, in which a rat only has to press once to receive reinforceme ...
Copyrighted Material
... thymidine within the gland, and increased mitotic activity. The pituitary of the ovariectomized F344 female rat is more responsive to the tumorigenic effect of diethylstilbestrol than the intact female; however, there is considerable variation in the induction of pituitary tumors by estrogens in dif ...
... thymidine within the gland, and increased mitotic activity. The pituitary of the ovariectomized F344 female rat is more responsive to the tumorigenic effect of diethylstilbestrol than the intact female; however, there is considerable variation in the induction of pituitary tumors by estrogens in dif ...
Regulation of inhibin/activin subunits and follistatin mRNA
... Effect of LHRH antagonist on proestrus on the serum concentrations of FSH and on the pituitary expression of inhibin/activin a-, bA- and bB-subunits and follistatin mRNA at 0030 h on estrus (Table 1) The administration of ANT significantly decreased the serum concentrations of FSH at early estrus wh ...
... Effect of LHRH antagonist on proestrus on the serum concentrations of FSH and on the pituitary expression of inhibin/activin a-, bA- and bB-subunits and follistatin mRNA at 0030 h on estrus (Table 1) The administration of ANT significantly decreased the serum concentrations of FSH at early estrus wh ...
A Circuit for Detection of Interaural Time Differences in the Brain
... vessels as a guide to the approximate mediolateral position and best frequency of the underlying nucleus laminaris. The dorsal surface of the nucleus magnocellularis was visible at the caudal portion of the hole. Because the size of the cerebellar opening was limited, we were not able to penetrate t ...
... vessels as a guide to the approximate mediolateral position and best frequency of the underlying nucleus laminaris. The dorsal surface of the nucleus magnocellularis was visible at the caudal portion of the hole. Because the size of the cerebellar opening was limited, we were not able to penetrate t ...
Olfactory tract transection in neonatal rats: Evidence for Mitral cell
... following an insult. The importance of host regeneration as the possible mechanism leading to the functional recovery following nerve transection has been reported2. Munirathinam et al3. have demonstrated the axonal regeneration following olfactory tract transection. However, the study did not provi ...
... following an insult. The importance of host regeneration as the possible mechanism leading to the functional recovery following nerve transection has been reported2. Munirathinam et al3. have demonstrated the axonal regeneration following olfactory tract transection. However, the study did not provi ...
Are there three subdivisions in the primate subthalamic nucleus? Max C. Keuken
... We separately analyzed the results from each of 27 studies that used either tracing or electrical lesions to construct connection profiles and localize subdivisions in the STN. See mckitchen. files.wordpress.com/2010/01/supplementary-table-stn.pdf for a detailed overview for the methods, the number ...
... We separately analyzed the results from each of 27 studies that used either tracing or electrical lesions to construct connection profiles and localize subdivisions in the STN. See mckitchen. files.wordpress.com/2010/01/supplementary-table-stn.pdf for a detailed overview for the methods, the number ...
Liver-Derived IGF-I Regulates GH Secretion at the Pituitary Level in
... H SECRETION IN rodents is sexually dimorphic and pulsatile (1). Male rats have episodic bursts of GH secretion and low GH levels between the pulses, and female rats have higher basal interpulse GH levels and more frequent but lower amplitude pulses (2). Pituitary GH secretion is regulated by hypotha ...
... H SECRETION IN rodents is sexually dimorphic and pulsatile (1). Male rats have episodic bursts of GH secretion and low GH levels between the pulses, and female rats have higher basal interpulse GH levels and more frequent but lower amplitude pulses (2). Pituitary GH secretion is regulated by hypotha ...
Relationship Between Circulating Cortisol and Testosterone
... coefficient is statistically significant (p<0.05). from physical exercise. Previous research had found that pharmacologically manipulated levels of cortisol had resulted in reductions in circulating testosterone (i.e., a negative relationship) (Bambino and Hsueh, 1981; Cumming et al., 1983). We hypo ...
... coefficient is statistically significant (p<0.05). from physical exercise. Previous research had found that pharmacologically manipulated levels of cortisol had resulted in reductions in circulating testosterone (i.e., a negative relationship) (Bambino and Hsueh, 1981; Cumming et al., 1983). We hypo ...
Repeated immobilization stress reduces rat vertebral bone growth
... (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE), which persist for ⬎1 h (18). These hormones normally prepare the body to react to a threat of danger by heightening arousal, blood flow, and/or muscular activity. The Immo model caused a rapid and marked increase in pOC, significant within 5 min and maximally 50–100% a ...
... (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE), which persist for ⬎1 h (18). These hormones normally prepare the body to react to a threat of danger by heightening arousal, blood flow, and/or muscular activity. The Immo model caused a rapid and marked increase in pOC, significant within 5 min and maximally 50–100% a ...
Printing - Journal of Applied Physiology
... peak force generated for the highest level of stretch was 200 g for the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles and 50 g for the soleus. Calibrations performed for the gastrocnemius and plantaris at the end of experiment, showed ⬃50 g resting tension with ⬃200 g peak tension during the first oscillation ...
... peak force generated for the highest level of stretch was 200 g for the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles and 50 g for the soleus. Calibrations performed for the gastrocnemius and plantaris at the end of experiment, showed ⬃50 g resting tension with ⬃200 g peak tension during the first oscillation ...