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Odor- and context dependent modulation of mitral cell
Odor- and context dependent modulation of mitral cell

...  Signals traveling to the olfactory bulb do not go through the thalamus  Prone to disconnection in traumatic head injuries (sieve bone acts as guillotine)  In rats, the olfactory bulb is very large, relatively much larger than in humans.  OB contains mitral cells that communicate via action pote ...
Problem set : Chemical signals in Animals
Problem set : Chemical signals in Animals

... by Ciba. DBOL binds to the androgen receptor in our cells and initiates the expression of genes, protein synthesis ultimately resulting in yielding muscle strength in a short space of time. If you were to test the effects of this drug in a mouse whose androgen receptor gene is mutated and hence inac ...
Human Sexual Anatomy & Physiology (Part 1)
Human Sexual Anatomy & Physiology (Part 1)

... – As ovarian follicles mature they secrete estradiol causing the growth of the lining of the uterus (preparation for fertilization) – Increasing levels of estradiol triggers the release of LH causing ovulation (release of ovum) – Ovum enters a Fallopian tube and starts migrating towards ...
S14-3 Hormones, sexual dimorphism, and mate choice 1
S14-3 Hormones, sexual dimorphism, and mate choice 1

... they mature. Most of the genome within species, except for the small fraction that determines whether testes or ovaries develop, is much the same in both sexes; yet different behavior develops. How? Sex steroid hormones such as estradiol and testosterone are important mechanisms for expressing sex-l ...
Not gene after gene but 25.000 genes simultaneous
Not gene after gene but 25.000 genes simultaneous

... Co-regulatory proteins. Cell-specific expression of co-regulatory proteins and their modulation by posttranslational modifications allow tissue-specific and temporal steroid hormone receptor-mediated transcription. ...
(Broca and Wernicke) were significantly larger in women This
(Broca and Wernicke) were significantly larger in women This

... A hormone is a chemical substance produced by an endocrine gland that has a specific effect on the activities of other organs in the body The major female and male hormones can be classified as estrogens or androgens. These are present in both males and females ...
Applied Female Reproductive Physiology and the anatomy of the
Applied Female Reproductive Physiology and the anatomy of the

... and ↑androgens by the adrenals • Females will exhibit virilization • Babies have fused labia and clitoramegaly • May require urgent identification and treatment with cortisol etc soon after birth ...
male - WordPress.com
male - WordPress.com

... Hypothesis: Exposure to Androgen during early development leads to masculinization of the brain • Example: the last two cases were individuals that were exposed to androgen during early development and they behave as males. • Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome people are not exposed (i.e., can’t respo ...
Aust-Homo Differences
Aust-Homo Differences

... predicted by general primate pattern Tripling of brain size from birth to adulthood Humanlike dental growth pattern “Human grade” life history: long childhood, adolescent growth spurt, prolonged life span ...
Document
Document

... mistakes. Brighter rats (9 pairs) selected and bred. Same with slower. ...
Os textos são da exclusiva responsabilidade dos autores All texts
Os textos são da exclusiva responsabilidade dos autores All texts

... avoidance (IA). IA is crucial for species survival, since only by mating with those who do not share our own genetic makeup we can avoid passing on recessive genetic disorders to our progeny. The ability to select sexual partners who are genetically dissimilar calls for prospective mates to display ...
What is CDNF?
What is CDNF?

... • Growth factor known as a trophic factor • Stimulates the growth of neurons ...
11/14/2016 1 Human Variations in Sexual Development Also
11/14/2016 1 Human Variations in Sexual Development Also

... in infants • Moderate increase in bisexuality or homosexuality, or continued low interest in sexual relationships • Usually score intermediate between females and males and degree is correlated with androgen level (e.g. on tests of spatial ability) ...
Synthesis Intro Workshop
Synthesis Intro Workshop

... 4,16‐androstadien‐3‐one (AND) and estra‐1,3,4(10),16‐tetraen‐3‐ol (EST) are both likely components of human pheromones which were studied by Berglund et al., who determined that not only did subjects respond to these pheromones, but they responded differently based on sexual preference (6). AND is a ...
Intra-sexual selection
Intra-sexual selection

... Why is there so much variation in mating systems and parental care? • Solitary species • Monogamous species • Polygynous species with 1 male, > 1 female • Polygynous species with >1 male, > 1 female • No parental care • Bi-parental care • Male parental care only • Female parental care only ...
Sexual Differentiation in Mammals (Chap 11)
Sexual Differentiation in Mammals (Chap 11)

... male fetus triggered future immune responses against testosterone or some related protein. ...
Slide ()
Slide ()

... provides the brain with an additional signal concerning low blood volume (left side). Circulating angiotensin II is sensed by receptors in the subfornical organ (SFO); SFO neurons project to and release angiotensin II in the median preoptic area (MePO), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (P ...
sex hormone production by testis and ovary
sex hormone production by testis and ovary

... - Adult Leydig cell failure – fall in serum testosteronesexual dysfunction (primary) - Gonadotropin deficiency - GnRH defect, hypothalamus ...
Male Mexican mollies grow mustaches to attract mates
Male Mexican mollies grow mustaches to attract mates

... various lengths and no mustaches at all. They also observed the responses of female fish to videos of different male fish. ...
Barry Levin, MD is a professor in the Department of Neurology and
Barry Levin, MD is a professor in the Department of Neurology and

... Barry Levin, MD is a professor in the Department of Neurology and Neurosciences and a Neurology attending physician at the East Orange Veterans Administration Medical Center. Along with his students and postdoctoral fellows, he utilizes selectively bred rats to study the basic neural mechanisms that ...
Sex Hormones
Sex Hormones

... • Most look female at birth but a penis develops during adolescence and puberty. • Most then accept a male gender identity. – Brain is exposed to testosterone during early development. ...
Hormones
Hormones

... exposure to hormones 2. Stress hormones and spatial memory in rats ...
Activity 40to50 - Issaquah Connect
Activity 40to50 - Issaquah Connect

... 1. The rat would have lowered sexual activity due to loss of testosterone. 2. The rat would have normal sexual activity but be unable to produce any ejaculate. 3. The rat would have normal sexual activity but have no sperm in the ejaculate. ...
steroidsmvhs
steroidsmvhs

... What are they? Made from synthetic substances similar to the male hormone testosterone  They enable a person to grow big muscles and increase strength in a short period of time and in a way they couldn’t do naturally  Taken in pill form or injections into the muscle  THEY ARE ALWAYS ILLEGAL IN T ...
Slide ()
Slide ()

... Sexual dimorphism in the human bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. The nucleus (BNST) has significantly more neurons in men compared to women regardless of male sexual orientation. Similar to women, male-to-female transsexuals have fewer neurons than men. In the one female-to-male transsexual brain ...
< 1 ... 33 34 35 36 37

Sexually dimorphic nucleus

The sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) is an ovoid, densely packed cluster of large cells located in the medial preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus which is believed to be related to sexual behavior in animals.Thus far, for all species of mammals investigated, the SDN has been repeatedly found to be considerably larger in males than in females. The volume of the SDN was 2.2 times as large in males as in females and contained 2.1 times as many cells. The human SDN was elongated in females and more spherical in males. No sex differences were observed in the human SDN in either cell density or mean diameter of the cell nuclei. The volume and cell number of the human SDN considerably decreases with age; although, the decrease in cell number is both sex and age-specific. In males, a substantial decrease in the cell number of the human SDN was observed between the age of 50-60 years. Cell death was more common in females than males, especially among those older than 70 years of age. The SDN cell number in females can drop to 10-15% that found in early childhood.SDN and its homologues exist widely in human, mammal, and some other animal brains, including: the third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH3) in humans; ovine sexually dimorphic nucleus (oSDN) in the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (MPOA/AH) in sheep; sexually dimorphic nucleus in the preoptic area (SDN-POA) in rats; anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHdc) in macaques; specific area in medial preoptic nucleus (POM) in quails; etc.↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
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