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Activity 46.1 How doesthe production of male and female
gametesdiffer in human malesand females?
This activity is designedto help you understandhow gameteproductionis controlledin
mammalsand particularlyin humans.
In humanmalesand females,the productionof gametesand the hormonesestrogen,
progesterone,
is ultimately controlledby actionsof the hypothalamus.
and testosterone
Using all the termsbelow, diagramthe control of gameteand sex hormoneproduction
first in a humanmale and then in a humanfemale.Be sureto explain the role(s) of each
term in your diagram.
hypothalamus
progesterone
anterior pituitary
estrogenor testosterone
LH
secondarysex characteristics
FSH
primary sex characteristics
ovary or testes
negativefeedback
follicle or seminiferoustubule
egg and polar bodies or sperrn
corpusluteum or Leydig cells
Human male:
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Humanfemale:
Use your diagrams to answer the questions.
1. In both males and females,the hypothalamusproducesGnRH, which stimulatesthe
pitutitary to releaseLH and FSH. Fill in the chart.
Hormone
a. In males causes:
b. In females causes:
LH
FSH
2. In both malesandfemales,the testesor ovariesproduceadditionalhormones.
a. Males produce:
b. Femalesproduce:
Hormones
Function of these
hormonesproducedin
the gonads
2@
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3. Most birth control methodsare designedto keep the egg and sperm from uniting to
form a zygote.Many birth control pills or patchesused by human females contain a
combination of estrogenand progesterone.How do they keep sperm from uniting
with egg?Explain the mechanism.
4. Efforts to make a male contraceptivepill (analogousto the pills usedby females)have
not beenvery successful.Given what you know aboutthe similarities and differences
in male and female gameteproduction,proposewhy this might be the case.
5. Fertilization generally occurs in the upper third of the oviduct, and developmentof
the fetus occurs in the uterus. In somerelatively rare cases,however,developing
embryos have attachedto the outside of the uterus and developedthere for the full
nine months of pregnancy.
a. Given the anatomyof the female reproductivesystem,can you explain how this
could happen?
b. What modifications of normal birthing procedures(if any) would have to be
madein suchcases?
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I to 3. In an experiment,an adult rat's testes,including the vascularconnections,were
transplantedto the wall of the abdomen.Connectionsof the testesto the
reproductive tract were cut/severed.
Following recovery which of the following would be true for this rat? Explain your
answers.
T/F
T/F
TIF
1. The rat would have lowered sexual activity due to loss of testosterone.
2. The rat would have normal sexual activity but be unable to produce any
ejaculate.
3. The rat would have normal sexual activity but have no sperm in the ejaculate.
4. A girl begins to developbreastsand pubic hair at the age of four. Given these
symptoms,her physician orders a CT scan(imaging procedure)to look for an
endocrinetumor. Which organ would he most likely not investigateas the cause?
Explain your reasoning.
a. hypothalamus
b. pituitary
c. ovary
d. uterus
5 to 8. Assume that women can be vaccinatedagainstthe following hormones.Each
vaccine is designedto completely neutralizethe target hormone's activity. Which
vaccine(s)would preventpregnancy?Explain your answers.
A : Would prevent pregnancy; B = would not prevent pregnancy
5. A vaccine againstLH
6. A vaccine againstCG
7. A vaccine againstestrogen
8. A vaccine againstprolactin
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