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Name Course/Section Date Professor/[A ffi rG\ xrJ Activity 46.1 How doesthe production of male and female gametesdiffer in human malesand females? This activity is designedto help you understandhow gameteproductionis controlledin mammalsand particularlyin humans. In humanmalesand females,the productionof gametesand the hormonesestrogen, progesterone, is ultimately controlledby actionsof the hypothalamus. and testosterone Using all the termsbelow, diagramthe control of gameteand sex hormoneproduction first in a humanmale and then in a humanfemale.Be sureto explain the role(s) of each term in your diagram. hypothalamus progesterone anterior pituitary estrogenor testosterone LH secondarysex characteristics FSH primary sex characteristics ovary or testes negativefeedback follicle or seminiferoustubule egg and polar bodies or sperrn corpusluteum or Leydig cells Human male: Activity 46.1 Copyright@PearsonEducation,Inc.,PublishingasBenjaminCummings 263 Humanfemale: Use your diagrams to answer the questions. 1. In both males and females,the hypothalamusproducesGnRH, which stimulatesthe pitutitary to releaseLH and FSH. Fill in the chart. Hormone a. In males causes: b. In females causes: LH FSH 2. In both malesandfemales,the testesor ovariesproduceadditionalhormones. a. Males produce: b. Femalesproduce: Hormones Function of these hormonesproducedin the gonads 2@ Activitv 46.1 Copyright@PearsonEducation,Inc.,PublishingasBenjaminCummings Name Course/Section 3. Most birth control methodsare designedto keep the egg and sperm from uniting to form a zygote.Many birth control pills or patchesused by human females contain a combination of estrogenand progesterone.How do they keep sperm from uniting with egg?Explain the mechanism. 4. Efforts to make a male contraceptivepill (analogousto the pills usedby females)have not beenvery successful.Given what you know aboutthe similarities and differences in male and female gameteproduction,proposewhy this might be the case. 5. Fertilization generally occurs in the upper third of the oviduct, and developmentof the fetus occurs in the uterus. In somerelatively rare cases,however,developing embryos have attachedto the outside of the uterus and developedthere for the full nine months of pregnancy. a. Given the anatomyof the female reproductivesystem,can you explain how this could happen? b. What modifications of normal birthing procedures(if any) would have to be madein suchcases? Acrivity46.1 Copyright@PearsonEducation,Inc.,PublishingasBenjaminCummings 265 I to 3. In an experiment,an adult rat's testes,including the vascularconnections,were transplantedto the wall of the abdomen.Connectionsof the testesto the reproductive tract were cut/severed. Following recovery which of the following would be true for this rat? Explain your answers. T/F T/F TIF 1. The rat would have lowered sexual activity due to loss of testosterone. 2. The rat would have normal sexual activity but be unable to produce any ejaculate. 3. The rat would have normal sexual activity but have no sperm in the ejaculate. 4. A girl begins to developbreastsand pubic hair at the age of four. Given these symptoms,her physician orders a CT scan(imaging procedure)to look for an endocrinetumor. Which organ would he most likely not investigateas the cause? Explain your reasoning. a. hypothalamus b. pituitary c. ovary d. uterus 5 to 8. Assume that women can be vaccinatedagainstthe following hormones.Each vaccine is designedto completely neutralizethe target hormone's activity. Which vaccine(s)would preventpregnancy?Explain your answers. A : Would prevent pregnancy; B = would not prevent pregnancy 5. A vaccine againstLH 6. A vaccine againstCG 7. A vaccine againstestrogen 8. A vaccine againstprolactin 266 Activitv 46.1 Copyright @PearsonEducation,Inc., PublishingasBenjaminCummings