Hepatic Transporter Expression in Metabolic Syndrome: Phenotype
... 2007). Several therapies that target these hormones have been identified for treatment of obesity and other metabolic diseases (Schmitz et al., 2004). Serum levels of such hormones as resistin, leptin, and insulin were correlated to metabolic disease such as obesity (Pantsulaia et al., 2007), indica ...
... 2007). Several therapies that target these hormones have been identified for treatment of obesity and other metabolic diseases (Schmitz et al., 2004). Serum levels of such hormones as resistin, leptin, and insulin were correlated to metabolic disease such as obesity (Pantsulaia et al., 2007), indica ...
Decreased Hypothalamic Growth Hormone
... cAMP determination (21). The data presented represent the pooled results of three separate pituitary cell dispersions, each consisting of three or four animals from each of the experimental groups. Hypothalamic tissue collection and extraction. Individual rat hypothalami from each animal were collec ...
... cAMP determination (21). The data presented represent the pooled results of three separate pituitary cell dispersions, each consisting of three or four animals from each of the experimental groups. Hypothalamic tissue collection and extraction. Individual rat hypothalami from each animal were collec ...
Effect of serotonin depletion on cortical spreading depression
... and small arteriole revealed that CSD induced the ultrastructural changes of cerebral endothelial cells compared with the rats with NaCl application. The changes were characterized by an increased number of pinocytic vesicles and the formation of endothelial microvilli. An increase in pinocytic vesi ...
... and small arteriole revealed that CSD induced the ultrastructural changes of cerebral endothelial cells compared with the rats with NaCl application. The changes were characterized by an increased number of pinocytic vesicles and the formation of endothelial microvilli. An increase in pinocytic vesi ...
Neuro-Endocrine - Sinoe Medical Association
... Below the thalamus, it caps the brainstem and forms the inferolateral walls of the third ventricle Mammillary bodies - small, small paired nuclei bulging anteriorly from the hypothalamus - relay stations for olfactory pathways Infundibulum – stalk of the hypothalamus connecting to the pituitary glan ...
... Below the thalamus, it caps the brainstem and forms the inferolateral walls of the third ventricle Mammillary bodies - small, small paired nuclei bulging anteriorly from the hypothalamus - relay stations for olfactory pathways Infundibulum – stalk of the hypothalamus connecting to the pituitary glan ...
Endogenous Steroid Profiling in the Athlete Biological Passport
... the between- and within-subject variance components of the marker and actual individual test results. At each moment in the course of data acquisition, it is possible to predict expected values for the markers and to define individual limits for a desired specificity (assuming a nondoped population) ...
... the between- and within-subject variance components of the marker and actual individual test results. At each moment in the course of data acquisition, it is possible to predict expected values for the markers and to define individual limits for a desired specificity (assuming a nondoped population) ...
Sexual dichotomy of gonadal function in Prader–Willi syndrome from
... high in 3, while FSH (normal range 1.0 – 6.1 mIU/ml) was elevated (34.4 + 11.5 mIU/ml) in 6 and normal (3.5 + 1.6 mIU/ml) in 4 men. Testosterone was low (5.7 + 3.4 nmol/l) compared with the normal range of 12.0 – 34.5 nmol/l in the reference population in all men .20 years. AMH showed a normal decre ...
... high in 3, while FSH (normal range 1.0 – 6.1 mIU/ml) was elevated (34.4 + 11.5 mIU/ml) in 6 and normal (3.5 + 1.6 mIU/ml) in 4 men. Testosterone was low (5.7 + 3.4 nmol/l) compared with the normal range of 12.0 – 34.5 nmol/l in the reference population in all men .20 years. AMH showed a normal decre ...
Possible Mechanism Underlying
... acupuncture analgesia (53). Additionally, other brain areas such as the nucleus accumbens, with interconnections to the descending pathway from the hypothalamus to the dorsal raphe nucleus and periaqueductal gray matter, might also mediate opioid- and acupuncture-induced analgesia (54,55). In the nu ...
... acupuncture analgesia (53). Additionally, other brain areas such as the nucleus accumbens, with interconnections to the descending pathway from the hypothalamus to the dorsal raphe nucleus and periaqueductal gray matter, might also mediate opioid- and acupuncture-induced analgesia (54,55). In the nu ...
Effects of tryptophan andror acute running on extracellular 5
... In keeping with the early observation that the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT biosynthesis, is only partly saturated under basal conditions w7x, it is logical to observe that food deprivation, acute exercise, or the combination of both increase 5-HT synthesis Ža ...
... In keeping with the early observation that the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT biosynthesis, is only partly saturated under basal conditions w7x, it is logical to observe that food deprivation, acute exercise, or the combination of both increase 5-HT synthesis Ža ...
(2000). Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated behavior.
... Turning now to the hierarchical organization of the motor system itself, the clinical observations and theories of John Hughlings Jackson over a century ago [301] pioneered the now generally held view that the motor system is organized hierarchically [28,306,328]. Nevertheless, after accepting by de ...
... Turning now to the hierarchical organization of the motor system itself, the clinical observations and theories of John Hughlings Jackson over a century ago [301] pioneered the now generally held view that the motor system is organized hierarchically [28,306,328]. Nevertheless, after accepting by de ...
Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated
... Turning now to the hierarchical organization of the motor system itself, the clinical observations and theories of John Hughlings Jackson over a century ago [301] pioneered the now generally held view that the motor system is organized hierarchically [28,306,328]. Nevertheless, after accepting by de ...
... Turning now to the hierarchical organization of the motor system itself, the clinical observations and theories of John Hughlings Jackson over a century ago [301] pioneered the now generally held view that the motor system is organized hierarchically [28,306,328]. Nevertheless, after accepting by de ...
Patterned, But Not Tonic, Optogenetic Stimulation in Motor
... 13–15 min later. An optical fiber was attached to the implanted fiberoptic probe and connected to the laser (Crystal Laser LC) via a fiber-optic rotary joint (Doric Lenses). Each experiment consisted of two 20 min blocks of reaching, separated by a 10 min rest period (Fig. 1B). Blue (473 nm) or yell ...
... 13–15 min later. An optical fiber was attached to the implanted fiberoptic probe and connected to the laser (Crystal Laser LC) via a fiber-optic rotary joint (Doric Lenses). Each experiment consisted of two 20 min blocks of reaching, separated by a 10 min rest period (Fig. 1B). Blue (473 nm) or yell ...
Use of Amino Acids as Growth Hormone
... However, there was no difference in the GH response to lower body resistance exercises when a resistance of 70% of 3 and 6 RM (depending on the exercise) was compared with 100% of 3 and 6 RM.30 Although the GH response to amino acids is affected by sex and training status, these factors have little ...
... However, there was no difference in the GH response to lower body resistance exercises when a resistance of 70% of 3 and 6 RM (depending on the exercise) was compared with 100% of 3 and 6 RM.30 Although the GH response to amino acids is affected by sex and training status, these factors have little ...
Arc mRNA induction in striatal efferent neurons associated with response learning
... behavioural activation to assess whether there were differences in the transcriptional activation or cytoplasmic distribution of arc mRNA in the two subpopulations of striatal efferent neurons. For this experiment, a group of 15 rats was used to assess the effects of novelty exposure and exploratory ...
... behavioural activation to assess whether there were differences in the transcriptional activation or cytoplasmic distribution of arc mRNA in the two subpopulations of striatal efferent neurons. For this experiment, a group of 15 rats was used to assess the effects of novelty exposure and exploratory ...
Revealing Past Memories: Proactive Interference
... n ⫽ 22) examined the effects of parametric manipulations of delay length and ISI on radial water maze performance. In experiment 1A, we examined performance at various delay intervals at 6 months (340 – 480 g) and again at 12 months (440 – 610 g) of age. These rats were also used for pilot ketamine ...
... n ⫽ 22) examined the effects of parametric manipulations of delay length and ISI on radial water maze performance. In experiment 1A, we examined performance at various delay intervals at 6 months (340 – 480 g) and again at 12 months (440 – 610 g) of age. These rats were also used for pilot ketamine ...
amygdala projections to central amygdaloid nucleus subdivisions
... amygdala (CeN) is most known for its role in responses to fear stimuli. Recent evidence also shows that the CeN is required for directing attention and behaviors when the salience of competing stimuli is in flux. To examine how information flows through this key output region of the primate amygdala ...
... amygdala (CeN) is most known for its role in responses to fear stimuli. Recent evidence also shows that the CeN is required for directing attention and behaviors when the salience of competing stimuli is in flux. To examine how information flows through this key output region of the primate amygdala ...
Quinto trabajo
... limited phenotypic abnormalities during development, but excitotoxic cell death can be partially prevented in adult striatum. Here, we have examined the compensatory mechanisms activated by the lack of Bax during striatal and cortical postnatal development, and in striatal excitotoxic lesion. Althou ...
... limited phenotypic abnormalities during development, but excitotoxic cell death can be partially prevented in adult striatum. Here, we have examined the compensatory mechanisms activated by the lack of Bax during striatal and cortical postnatal development, and in striatal excitotoxic lesion. Althou ...
Antinociceptive Action of Nitrous Oxide Is Mediated
... Tail-flick latencies were determined from the mean of three (in rats) or two (in mice) consecutive latencies using a tail-flick apparatus (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH). The interstimulus interval was ⬃60 –90 sec. A high-intensity light was focused on the ventral surface of the tail, and the t ...
... Tail-flick latencies were determined from the mean of three (in rats) or two (in mice) consecutive latencies using a tail-flick apparatus (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH). The interstimulus interval was ⬃60 –90 sec. A high-intensity light was focused on the ventral surface of the tail, and the t ...
Role of central circulatory factors in the fat-free mass
... idea, we (7, 21) and others (3, 22) have observed that FFM is strongly related to blood volume among sedentary adult humans of different ages. Because blood ...
... idea, we (7, 21) and others (3, 22) have observed that FFM is strongly related to blood volume among sedentary adult humans of different ages. Because blood ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
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... There is experimental support for the assumption that this inhibition of mammary-gland development in male embryos is caused by testicular hormones. Raynaud & Frilley (1947, 1949) succeeded in destroying the gonads of 13-day embryos in utero by localized X-irradiation. Mammary-gland development then ...
... There is experimental support for the assumption that this inhibition of mammary-gland development in male embryos is caused by testicular hormones. Raynaud & Frilley (1947, 1949) succeeded in destroying the gonads of 13-day embryos in utero by localized X-irradiation. Mammary-gland development then ...
The Influence of Retinal Afferents Upon the Development of Layers
... and does not have its characteristic “L” shape. Layers A and Al are not distinguishable from each other, nor is there any evidence of leaflet formation. The border between the lateral geniculate nucleus and the perigeniculate nucleus is difficult to define and the medial ...
... and does not have its characteristic “L” shape. Layers A and Al are not distinguishable from each other, nor is there any evidence of leaflet formation. The border between the lateral geniculate nucleus and the perigeniculate nucleus is difficult to define and the medial ...
Possible Physiological Role of Hormones and Hormone
... and pepsin resistant. The presence of EGF and possibly other growth factors in colostrum and milk of various species was indicated by the growth-promoting effect of colostrum on the gastrointestinal tract of newborn pigs (73). A similar effect was also seen in dogs (74) and rats (75). Other studies ...
... and pepsin resistant. The presence of EGF and possibly other growth factors in colostrum and milk of various species was indicated by the growth-promoting effect of colostrum on the gastrointestinal tract of newborn pigs (73). A similar effect was also seen in dogs (74) and rats (75). Other studies ...
Reversible analgesia, atonia, and loss of consciousness on bilateral
... Fig. 1. Loci at which bilaterally symmetrical microinjections of pentobarbital induced a state of general anesthesia. These define the MPTA area. Each symbol represents a single microinjection experiment. Squares represent microinjections in the initial brain survey that yielded a combined anesthesi ...
... Fig. 1. Loci at which bilaterally symmetrical microinjections of pentobarbital induced a state of general anesthesia. These define the MPTA area. Each symbol represents a single microinjection experiment. Squares represent microinjections in the initial brain survey that yielded a combined anesthesi ...
Layer II/III of the Prefrontal Cortex: Inhibition by the Serotonin
... within the University of Toronto animal housing facility. The animals were kept under constant temperature (25 ⫾ 2°C) and a 12 h light/dark cycle. On P1, litters were counted and, when required, cross-fostered to equalize for the total number of pups and the number of males and females in each litte ...
... within the University of Toronto animal housing facility. The animals were kept under constant temperature (25 ⫾ 2°C) and a 12 h light/dark cycle. On P1, litters were counted and, when required, cross-fostered to equalize for the total number of pups and the number of males and females in each litte ...
Control of GnRH secretion: One step back - e
... inhibitory factor, gonadotropin surge inhibiting factor (GnSIF) [37], suppresses LH secretion with or without any effect on FSH. This latter is a protein produced by ovarian follicles, not the brain [83], but there was no convincing evidence of hypothalamic factor that negatively regulated the repro ...
... inhibitory factor, gonadotropin surge inhibiting factor (GnSIF) [37], suppresses LH secretion with or without any effect on FSH. This latter is a protein produced by ovarian follicles, not the brain [83], but there was no convincing evidence of hypothalamic factor that negatively regulated the repro ...