(2002). Why are some neurons replaced in adult brain?
... place, showing a post-migratory neuronal phenotype (AlvarezBuylla and Nottebohm, 1988; Kirn et al., 1999). This time may be considerably longer in animals with larger brains and for destinations farther removed from neurogenic regions. Conversely, because so many of the neurons produced in adulthood ...
... place, showing a post-migratory neuronal phenotype (AlvarezBuylla and Nottebohm, 1988; Kirn et al., 1999). This time may be considerably longer in animals with larger brains and for destinations farther removed from neurogenic regions. Conversely, because so many of the neurons produced in adulthood ...
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Valid
... According to the DSM–IV–TR, ADHD typed behaviors worsen in environments that require sustained attention, sedentary activity, boring or mundane instruction, and monotonous or repetitive assignments (APA, 2000). Most importantly, symptoms of this disorder typically cease to exist when: (a) the child ...
... According to the DSM–IV–TR, ADHD typed behaviors worsen in environments that require sustained attention, sedentary activity, boring or mundane instruction, and monotonous or repetitive assignments (APA, 2000). Most importantly, symptoms of this disorder typically cease to exist when: (a) the child ...
Is the Lateral Septum's Inhibitory Influence on the Amygdala Mediated... GABA-ergic Neurons? Mason Austin
... used to examine the neural response of brain areas proposed to be involved in the production and modulation of anxiety. Electrophysiological activity of a group of cells in a particular region may be recorded after administration of anxiogenic or anxiolytic chemicals, stimulation of other brain area ...
... used to examine the neural response of brain areas proposed to be involved in the production and modulation of anxiety. Electrophysiological activity of a group of cells in a particular region may be recorded after administration of anxiogenic or anxiolytic chemicals, stimulation of other brain area ...
Differential innervation of superficial versus deep - HAL
... Convergent data showed that bulbo-spinal serotonergic projections exert complex modulatory influences on nociceptive signaling within the dorsal horn. These neurons are located in the B3 area which comprises the median raphe magnus (RMg) and the lateral paragigantocellular reticular (LPGi) nuclei. Be ...
... Convergent data showed that bulbo-spinal serotonergic projections exert complex modulatory influences on nociceptive signaling within the dorsal horn. These neurons are located in the B3 area which comprises the median raphe magnus (RMg) and the lateral paragigantocellular reticular (LPGi) nuclei. Be ...
Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic
... which A2 neurons are recruited by a given stimulus or event, but A2 neurons are consistently activated by treatments or situations that present actual or anticipated threats to bodily homeostasis. In many cases the relevant information is communicated to A2 neurons by visceral sensory afferents, but ...
... which A2 neurons are recruited by a given stimulus or event, but A2 neurons are consistently activated by treatments or situations that present actual or anticipated threats to bodily homeostasis. In many cases the relevant information is communicated to A2 neurons by visceral sensory afferents, but ...
Sexually dimorphic gene expression emerges with embryonic
... and repressive histone modifications. The eight-cell signature is largely non-overlapping with that defined from fetal liver, neither was it correlated with adult liver or other tissues analysed. The number of sex-dimorphic genes increases throughout development. We identified many more dimorphic ge ...
... and repressive histone modifications. The eight-cell signature is largely non-overlapping with that defined from fetal liver, neither was it correlated with adult liver or other tissues analysed. The number of sex-dimorphic genes increases throughout development. We identified many more dimorphic ge ...
What is the target tissue of ACTH and what does it do? 1.1. Target
... Because androgens are converted to estrogen in body fat tissue, the more body fat there is the more androgens are converted into estrogen. If estrogen levels get high enough to decrease the sensitivity of the hypothalamus then this estrogen level can stimulate the ovary to produce adult levels of es ...
... Because androgens are converted to estrogen in body fat tissue, the more body fat there is the more androgens are converted into estrogen. If estrogen levels get high enough to decrease the sensitivity of the hypothalamus then this estrogen level can stimulate the ovary to produce adult levels of es ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... investigate the distribution and expression of SST and NPY in TRM brains, including hippocampus, temporal lobe cortex and cerebellum. Our RT‑PCR data showed that up‑regulated mRNA expression of SST and NPY was discovered in TRM hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats ...
... investigate the distribution and expression of SST and NPY in TRM brains, including hippocampus, temporal lobe cortex and cerebellum. Our RT‑PCR data showed that up‑regulated mRNA expression of SST and NPY was discovered in TRM hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats ...
puberty
... • prenatal and perinatal (exposure to exogenous sex steroids in intrauterine period; birth weight; perinatal asphyxia) • Concomitant illnesses, postnatal exposure to sex steroids • Time of first sign of puberty – Thelarche (galactorrhea) development of breast, testicles – Adrenarche/pubarche (body o ...
... • prenatal and perinatal (exposure to exogenous sex steroids in intrauterine period; birth weight; perinatal asphyxia) • Concomitant illnesses, postnatal exposure to sex steroids • Time of first sign of puberty – Thelarche (galactorrhea) development of breast, testicles – Adrenarche/pubarche (body o ...
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... Jacobs (1979) and Levine and Jacobs (1992), i.e.: (1) a slow and regular activity during quiet waking (1-4 Hz), (2) long duration action potential (>2 msec), (3) changes in activity directly correlated with changes in behavioral state and (4) subsequent histological localization in the DRN. Iontopho ...
... Jacobs (1979) and Levine and Jacobs (1992), i.e.: (1) a slow and regular activity during quiet waking (1-4 Hz), (2) long duration action potential (>2 msec), (3) changes in activity directly correlated with changes in behavioral state and (4) subsequent histological localization in the DRN. Iontopho ...
Inappropriate sexual behaviours in dementia
... There are 2 case reports on the use of clomipramine, a nonspecific norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in the treatment of inappropriate sexual behav45 iors in dementia. The first patient (repeatedly exposing himself), had failed medroxyprogesterone acetate and thioridazine trials. Clom ...
... There are 2 case reports on the use of clomipramine, a nonspecific norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in the treatment of inappropriate sexual behav45 iors in dementia. The first patient (repeatedly exposing himself), had failed medroxyprogesterone acetate and thioridazine trials. Clom ...
Neurotoxicity of reactive aldehydes
... Butterfield, 2003; Yu et al., 2004; Zarkovic, 2003). These aldehydes form covalent linkages with amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids; actions that can result in direct mitochondrial toxicity (Pocernich and Butterfield, 2003). Aminoaldehydes have the potential for these toxic actions also ...
... Butterfield, 2003; Yu et al., 2004; Zarkovic, 2003). These aldehydes form covalent linkages with amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids; actions that can result in direct mitochondrial toxicity (Pocernich and Butterfield, 2003). Aminoaldehydes have the potential for these toxic actions also ...
Sustained conditioned responses in prelimbic prefrontal neurons are
... Burst firing was also examined by measuring the percentage of spikes within bursts. As in our previous study (Burgos-Robles et al., 2007), a burst was defined as three or more consecutive spikes with an interspike interval of ⬍25 ms between the first two spikes and ⬍50 ms for subsequent spikes. This ...
... Burst firing was also examined by measuring the percentage of spikes within bursts. As in our previous study (Burgos-Robles et al., 2007), a burst was defined as three or more consecutive spikes with an interspike interval of ⬍25 ms between the first two spikes and ⬍50 ms for subsequent spikes. This ...
06-pons + midbrain
... 1-2 superior colliculi : reflex centers of vision. 2-2 inferior colliculi : reflex centers of hearing. (B)2 Cerebral peduncles : the larger ventral part in front of aqueduct. It consists of 3 parts, arranged from before backwards as follows : 1-Crus cerebri (Basis pedunculi) : the most anterior part ...
... 1-2 superior colliculi : reflex centers of vision. 2-2 inferior colliculi : reflex centers of hearing. (B)2 Cerebral peduncles : the larger ventral part in front of aqueduct. It consists of 3 parts, arranged from before backwards as follows : 1-Crus cerebri (Basis pedunculi) : the most anterior part ...
ESTROGEN SESSION - CONVERSATION ON HORMONES
... utilization (function), altered behavioral responses to challenge drugs, and altered neurochemical/molecular markers for several brain systems. Prenatal marijuana (including human exposure) has been studied less thoroughly but also has effects which are sex-specific. The effects of drugs in general ...
... utilization (function), altered behavioral responses to challenge drugs, and altered neurochemical/molecular markers for several brain systems. Prenatal marijuana (including human exposure) has been studied less thoroughly but also has effects which are sex-specific. The effects of drugs in general ...
The Hypothalamus
... paraventricular nuclei produce oxytocin and vassopressin (ADH) Transported via axonal transport systems (hypothalamohypophysial tract) to neurohypophysis Released in circulation Damage to supraoptic n. diabetes insipidus ...
... paraventricular nuclei produce oxytocin and vassopressin (ADH) Transported via axonal transport systems (hypothalamohypophysial tract) to neurohypophysis Released in circulation Damage to supraoptic n. diabetes insipidus ...
PDF of this article
... circuitry. As repeatedly demonstrated by experimental studies, the subthalamic nucleus can modulate the neuronal activity of both basal ganglia output nuclei (4-6). In addition, recent studies have shown that the subthalamic nucleus receives direct excitatory projections from the primary motor corte ...
... circuitry. As repeatedly demonstrated by experimental studies, the subthalamic nucleus can modulate the neuronal activity of both basal ganglia output nuclei (4-6). In addition, recent studies have shown that the subthalamic nucleus receives direct excitatory projections from the primary motor corte ...
Variation in Progesterone Receptors and GnRH
... vizcacha hypothalamus and found a tissue organization comparable to other mammals [15]. In addition, we have shown that GnRH distribution in hypothalamic areas of the vizcacha brain is comparable to a variety of other mammalian species. However, GnRH surprisingly localizes also in the ventrolateral ...
... vizcacha hypothalamus and found a tissue organization comparable to other mammals [15]. In addition, we have shown that GnRH distribution in hypothalamic areas of the vizcacha brain is comparable to a variety of other mammalian species. However, GnRH surprisingly localizes also in the ventrolateral ...
Induced spawning of two major species of chinese carps
... of 28° to 30° C. They had also conclusively shown that failure to spawn naturally under artificial conditions without the use of hormonal injections was due, not to the failure in gonadal development, but to the lack of spawning behaviour of the female, which might have resulted from the absence of ...
... of 28° to 30° C. They had also conclusively shown that failure to spawn naturally under artificial conditions without the use of hormonal injections was due, not to the failure in gonadal development, but to the lack of spawning behaviour of the female, which might have resulted from the absence of ...
IJCPT TDS Testos correc Article IV09
... is that the pre-dose values were obtained exactly before the administration of testosterone, which can minimize the period error. However, this method also offers some disadvantages, as it is known that testosterone secretion is likewise pulsatile and diurnal. In healthy males, recorded plasma testo ...
... is that the pre-dose values were obtained exactly before the administration of testosterone, which can minimize the period error. However, this method also offers some disadvantages, as it is known that testosterone secretion is likewise pulsatile and diurnal. In healthy males, recorded plasma testo ...
Saturated Fatty Acids Produce an Inflammatory Response
... lamic protein extracts obtained from rats treated intracerebroventricularly with diluent (DL), 3.0 ng LPS (LPS3), or 300 ng LPS (Bertelli et al., 2006). The expression of F4/80 (LPS300) for 3 d. B, Immunoblot (IB) analysis of expression of TNF-␣, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 in hypothalamic protein extrac ...
... lamic protein extracts obtained from rats treated intracerebroventricularly with diluent (DL), 3.0 ng LPS (LPS3), or 300 ng LPS (Bertelli et al., 2006). The expression of F4/80 (LPS300) for 3 d. B, Immunoblot (IB) analysis of expression of TNF-␣, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 in hypothalamic protein extrac ...
DHEA and Testosterone
... Depression in women Evidence is conflicting and limited on a possible link between testosterone deficiency and depression in women. Psychological well-being in postmenopausal women given exogenous estrogens appears to improve when low-dose testosterone is added. In a recent placebo-controlled trial ...
... Depression in women Evidence is conflicting and limited on a possible link between testosterone deficiency and depression in women. Psychological well-being in postmenopausal women given exogenous estrogens appears to improve when low-dose testosterone is added. In a recent placebo-controlled trial ...
Afferent Input to Nucleus Submedius in Rats
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...
The Effect of Benzene Products on Seminal Parameters
... performed to all participants. In addition, we measured a morning blood sample for serum testosterone and follicular stimulating hormones. The data were then studied and analyzed for the correlation between the seminal parameters and hormonal profile, and the duration of exposure to benzene Results: ...
... performed to all participants. In addition, we measured a morning blood sample for serum testosterone and follicular stimulating hormones. The data were then studied and analyzed for the correlation between the seminal parameters and hormonal profile, and the duration of exposure to benzene Results: ...
Neuroendocrinological studies on central actions of estrogen (生殖
... are mediated through their receptors; estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR). These sex steroid hormone receptors belong to the members of the nuclear receptor superfamily (Escriva et al., 2000). Both ER and AR function as transcription factors when activated by the respective sex steroid ...
... are mediated through their receptors; estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR). These sex steroid hormone receptors belong to the members of the nuclear receptor superfamily (Escriva et al., 2000). Both ER and AR function as transcription factors when activated by the respective sex steroid ...