FULL TEXT PDF - An International Journal of Experimental and
... were anesthetized using 5% inhalational halothane following which four horizontal mattress stitches were made on the external lamina of the upper and lower eyelid margins using polypropylene monofilament 5-0 sutures. The experimental animals were observed daily to ensure the sutures were intact. Com ...
... were anesthetized using 5% inhalational halothane following which four horizontal mattress stitches were made on the external lamina of the upper and lower eyelid margins using polypropylene monofilament 5-0 sutures. The experimental animals were observed daily to ensure the sutures were intact. Com ...
Calcium Oxalate Retinopathy Associated with
... and bone formation within the eye, and (2) the occurrence of the flecked retina syndrome. Intraocular calcium deposition and ossification are common findings in pathologic specimens. The RPE together with the inner surfaces of choroid have been noted as common sites for the presence of calcium or bo ...
... and bone formation within the eye, and (2) the occurrence of the flecked retina syndrome. Intraocular calcium deposition and ossification are common findings in pathologic specimens. The RPE together with the inner surfaces of choroid have been noted as common sites for the presence of calcium or bo ...
Stellate Ganglion Block
... neuralgia and after peripheral nerve lesion. CRPS type I (formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy) occurs following an initiating event such as trauma or injury but with little or no nerve injury while CRPS Type II (formerly causalgia) has nerve injury as its causative factor. The complexity ...
... neuralgia and after peripheral nerve lesion. CRPS type I (formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy) occurs following an initiating event such as trauma or injury but with little or no nerve injury while CRPS Type II (formerly causalgia) has nerve injury as its causative factor. The complexity ...
Sodium Hyaluronate 0.1% Eye Drops Preservative Free
... do not use if the container is damaged do not use in presence of quaternary ammonium salts do not use if you are sensitive to any of the product components do not use after the expiry date reported on the bottle and on the external package do not touch the eye with the tip of the bottle leave at lea ...
... do not use if the container is damaged do not use in presence of quaternary ammonium salts do not use if you are sensitive to any of the product components do not use after the expiry date reported on the bottle and on the external package do not touch the eye with the tip of the bottle leave at lea ...
IX, X, XL - Journal of Cell Science
... But there is a still more important difference: while in Nephelis the large blastomeres remain for a long time unaltered, those of Lumbricus soon divide repeatedly, and become blended with the general embryonic mass. At first they separate from one another, leaving in the middle a wide and deep spac ...
... But there is a still more important difference: while in Nephelis the large blastomeres remain for a long time unaltered, those of Lumbricus soon divide repeatedly, and become blended with the general embryonic mass. At first they separate from one another, leaving in the middle a wide and deep spac ...
Screening for Ocular Phototoxicity
... light transmitted to the lens and retina. This absorption can lead to dramatically enhanced ocular damage through the phototoxic side effects of those dyes and drugs (Fraunfelder 1982; Roberts 1996). The extent to which a particular photosensitizing drug will affect the human lens or retina in vivo ...
... light transmitted to the lens and retina. This absorption can lead to dramatically enhanced ocular damage through the phototoxic side effects of those dyes and drugs (Fraunfelder 1982; Roberts 1996). The extent to which a particular photosensitizing drug will affect the human lens or retina in vivo ...
Sense Organs - Ch. 15
... What is referred pain? Referred pain is pain that originates in an organ, but is perceived as coming from the skin around or near the organ. For example, a heart attack may feel as though there is pain in the left arm. This may be because the nerves from the heart and arm converge at the same point ...
... What is referred pain? Referred pain is pain that originates in an organ, but is perceived as coming from the skin around or near the organ. For example, a heart attack may feel as though there is pain in the left arm. This may be because the nerves from the heart and arm converge at the same point ...
Cortical representation of visual three-dimensional space
... Relative cues involve perceptual interactions between two or more stimulus objects, whereas absolute cues are interactions between the observer and the stimulus object that contribute to the perceived characteristics of an object. The perceived distance between objects produced by a relative cue suc ...
... Relative cues involve perceptual interactions between two or more stimulus objects, whereas absolute cues are interactions between the observer and the stimulus object that contribute to the perceived characteristics of an object. The perceived distance between objects produced by a relative cue suc ...
Session 424 Drug and gene therapy and delivery
... rHSVs. HEK293 cells were infected with rHSVs or transfected with AAV plasmids containing the same CMV-GFP transgene, Adenoviral helper genes, AAV2 rep and AAV5 cap. Both AAV preps were purified by iodixanol density gradient and ion exchange chromatography. Vector genome titers were assessed by Q-PCR ...
... rHSVs. HEK293 cells were infected with rHSVs or transfected with AAV plasmids containing the same CMV-GFP transgene, Adenoviral helper genes, AAV2 rep and AAV5 cap. Both AAV preps were purified by iodixanol density gradient and ion exchange chromatography. Vector genome titers were assessed by Q-PCR ...
Trigeminal nerve
... Peripheral parasympathetic ganglion Connected functionally with glossopharyngeal nerve Motor root: Inf. salivatory N.– IX nerve– Lesser petrosal– synapse in ganglion– postgang. Secretomotor fibres to parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve. Sympathetic root: from plexus around Middle men. artery– d ...
... Peripheral parasympathetic ganglion Connected functionally with glossopharyngeal nerve Motor root: Inf. salivatory N.– IX nerve– Lesser petrosal– synapse in ganglion– postgang. Secretomotor fibres to parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve. Sympathetic root: from plexus around Middle men. artery– d ...
Role of cyclic AMP in the eye with glaucoma
... several endogenous or exogenous factors not only increases intracellular cAMP level, but also decreases net aqueous humor flow and lowers IOP (37, 39, 47-51). Furthermore, an increase of the cAMP level by a topical suspension of 1% forskolin lowered IOP in rabbits and monkeys, as well as in normal h ...
... several endogenous or exogenous factors not only increases intracellular cAMP level, but also decreases net aqueous humor flow and lowers IOP (37, 39, 47-51). Furthermore, an increase of the cAMP level by a topical suspension of 1% forskolin lowered IOP in rabbits and monkeys, as well as in normal h ...
Special Sensory Function Special Sensory Function
... ➤ Vision is a special sensory function that incorporates the visual receptor functions of the eyeball, the optic nerve, and visual pathways that carry and distribute sensory information from the optic globe to the central nervous system, and the primary and visual association cortices that translate ...
... ➤ Vision is a special sensory function that incorporates the visual receptor functions of the eyeball, the optic nerve, and visual pathways that carry and distribute sensory information from the optic globe to the central nervous system, and the primary and visual association cortices that translate ...
Pathogenesis of drusen in the primate.
... In this study of Macaca speciosa eyes, drusen-like spots were found to show three different morphological patterns, ie, vacuolated RPE cells, budding RPE cells, and typical drusen. The vacuolated RPE cells and typical drusen correspond with findings previously described. 131416 Ultrastructural findi ...
... In this study of Macaca speciosa eyes, drusen-like spots were found to show three different morphological patterns, ie, vacuolated RPE cells, budding RPE cells, and typical drusen. The vacuolated RPE cells and typical drusen correspond with findings previously described. 131416 Ultrastructural findi ...
anatomy and physiology
... Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California) is a tool for anterior segment imaging of the eyes. Yet one of its limitations is poor visualization of upper and lower angles because of eyelid coverage. We introduced a new method for more visibility of the upper and lower angles by holding only upper eyelid when ...
... Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California) is a tool for anterior segment imaging of the eyes. Yet one of its limitations is poor visualization of upper and lower angles because of eyelid coverage. We introduced a new method for more visibility of the upper and lower angles by holding only upper eyelid when ...
Behavioral Assessment of the Visual Capabilities of Fish
... if spectral efficiency were measured with only one light source and the angle of tilt being the measure of sensi tivity. This approach is instructive as an example of how easy it can be to interrogate a fish about matching stimuli. ...
... if spectral efficiency were measured with only one light source and the angle of tilt being the measure of sensi tivity. This approach is instructive as an example of how easy it can be to interrogate a fish about matching stimuli. ...
Introduction
... structures that are fixed at their basal ends but are free at their distal ends, so they can vibrate like the reeds of a harmonica. If the cochlea is unwounded and stretched straight, we can see that it tapers from base to apex. The basilar membrane tapers in an opposite direction. It is wider at th ...
... structures that are fixed at their basal ends but are free at their distal ends, so they can vibrate like the reeds of a harmonica. If the cochlea is unwounded and stretched straight, we can see that it tapers from base to apex. The basilar membrane tapers in an opposite direction. It is wider at th ...
multimeridian photorefraction - The Johns Hopkins University
... effect is to cause two points of defocus to form in the eye. Astigmatism may be compound myopic (the principal meridians are both myopic in error), compound hyperopic (the principal meridians are both hyperopic), simple myopic (one principal meridian is myopic and the other emmetroPic), simple hyper ...
... effect is to cause two points of defocus to form in the eye. Astigmatism may be compound myopic (the principal meridians are both myopic in error), compound hyperopic (the principal meridians are both hyperopic), simple myopic (one principal meridian is myopic and the other emmetroPic), simple hyper ...
Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation By C. Michael Samson, MD Case
... neoplasia, a precancerous condition which presumably develops from stem cells, typically occurs at the limbus. Eventually, studies based on tritiated thymidine incorporation localized the stem cells to the basal epithelium of the limbus. There are several proposed mechanisms of how these stem cells ...
... neoplasia, a precancerous condition which presumably develops from stem cells, typically occurs at the limbus. Eventually, studies based on tritiated thymidine incorporation localized the stem cells to the basal epithelium of the limbus. There are several proposed mechanisms of how these stem cells ...
NON-TRAUMATIC RETINAL DETACHMENT IN A 60-YEAR
... Majority of retinal detachments arc due to a break or tear resulting in degeneration or traumatic entry of fluid into the sub-retinal space. (Fig. I) This is termed rhegmatogenous and it accounts for 85% of all retinal detachments.6 The nonrhegmatogenous type is caused by either vitroretinal tractio ...
... Majority of retinal detachments arc due to a break or tear resulting in degeneration or traumatic entry of fluid into the sub-retinal space. (Fig. I) This is termed rhegmatogenous and it accounts for 85% of all retinal detachments.6 The nonrhegmatogenous type is caused by either vitroretinal tractio ...
Medical Gross Anatomy - University of Michigan
... These are very much like visceral nerves seen in the thorax, lumbar, and sacral regions, but it would have been too logical to call them cervical splanchnic nerves. 3. travel as external or internal carotid nerves to reach either the external or internal carotid arteries and form perivascular plexus ...
... These are very much like visceral nerves seen in the thorax, lumbar, and sacral regions, but it would have been too logical to call them cervical splanchnic nerves. 3. travel as external or internal carotid nerves to reach either the external or internal carotid arteries and form perivascular plexus ...
Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy - ReadingSample - Beck-Shop
... 17 Intermediate nerve. Nonmotor portion of the facial nerve. It emerges from the brainstem between the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves and conveys autonomic and taste fibers. After various anastomoses, it merges with the facial nerve in the petrous part of the temporal bone. D 18 Geniculate gang ...
... 17 Intermediate nerve. Nonmotor portion of the facial nerve. It emerges from the brainstem between the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves and conveys autonomic and taste fibers. After various anastomoses, it merges with the facial nerve in the petrous part of the temporal bone. D 18 Geniculate gang ...
Marieb, EN (2004)
... Maculae are the sensory receptors for static equilibrium Contain supporting cells and hair cells Each hair cell has stereocilia and kinocilium embedded in the otolithic membrane ...
... Maculae are the sensory receptors for static equilibrium Contain supporting cells and hair cells Each hair cell has stereocilia and kinocilium embedded in the otolithic membrane ...
20. PLACODES AND SENSORY DEVELOPMENT
... that structures analogous to otic, optic and olfactory placodes are present in non-vertebrate chordates, based on the expression of molecular markers and/or the presence of specialized sensory cells. However, no structures homologous to epibranchial placodes have thus far been found in lower chordat ...
... that structures analogous to otic, optic and olfactory placodes are present in non-vertebrate chordates, based on the expression of molecular markers and/or the presence of specialized sensory cells. However, no structures homologous to epibranchial placodes have thus far been found in lower chordat ...
Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuron found in the retina that is capable of phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. To be more specific, photoreceptor proteins in the cell absorb photons, triggering a change in the cell's membrane potential.The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form a representation of the visual world, sight. The rods are narrower than the cones and distributed differently across the retina, but the chemical process in each that supports phototransduction is similar. A third class of photoreceptor cells was discovered during the 1990s: the photosensitive ganglion cells. These cells do not contribute to sight directly, but are thought to support circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex.There are major functional differences between the rods and cones. Rods are extremely sensitive, and can be triggered by a single photon. At very low light levels, visual experience is based solely on the rod signal. This explains why colors cannot be seen at low light levels: only one type of photoreceptor cell is active.Cones require significantly brighter light (i.e., a larger numbers of photons) in order to produce a signal. In humans, there are three different types of cone cell, distinguished by their pattern of response to different wavelengths of light. Color experience is calculated from these three distinct signals, perhaps via an opponent process. The three types of cone cell respond (roughly) to light of short, medium, and long wavelengths. Note that, due to the principle of univariance, the firing of the cell depends upon only the number of photons absorbed. The different responses of the three types of cone cells are determined by the likelihoods that their respective photoreceptor proteins will absorb photons of different wavelengths. So, for example, an L cone cell contains a photoreceptor protein that more readily absorbs long wavelengths of light (i.e., more ""red""). Light of a shorter wavelength can also produce the same response, but it must be much brighter to do so.The human retina contains about 120 million rod cells and 6 million cone cells. The number and ratio of rods to cones varies among species, dependent on whether an animal is primarily diurnal or nocturnal. Certain owls, such as the tawny owl, have a tremendous number of rods in their retinae. In addition, there are about 2.4 million to 3 million ganglion cells in the human visual system, the axons of these cells form the 2 optic nerves, 1 to 2% of them photosensitive.The pineal and parapineal glands are photoreceptive in non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals. Birds have photoactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons within the paraventricular organ that respond to light in the absence of input from the eyes or neurotransmitters. Invertebrate photoreceptors in organisms such as insects and molluscs are different in both their morphological organization and their underlying biochemical pathways. Described here are human photoreceptors.