IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... attach corneal cell and non – attached cells were washed by tearing . One day 1 after inoculation with Candida albicans , no pathological changes were found in the cornea and retina ( no corneal ulcer , the site of ulcer characterized by vascularization and inflammatory cells. (Fig 1 - Fig 2). After ...
... attach corneal cell and non – attached cells were washed by tearing . One day 1 after inoculation with Candida albicans , no pathological changes were found in the cornea and retina ( no corneal ulcer , the site of ulcer characterized by vascularization and inflammatory cells. (Fig 1 - Fig 2). After ...
OLFACTORY AND OPTIC NERVE
... – Superior, inferior and medial recti; inferior obliquus; levator palpebrae superioris – Sphincter pupillea and ciliary muscle Ciliary ganglion: lies between optic nerve and lateral rectus ...
... – Superior, inferior and medial recti; inferior obliquus; levator palpebrae superioris – Sphincter pupillea and ciliary muscle Ciliary ganglion: lies between optic nerve and lateral rectus ...
Proton irradiation of simulated ocular tumors.
... on a scale drawing of the owl monkey eye and orbit (Fig. 5). The depth-dose characteristics of the 10 mm. beam were similar to those of the 7 mm. beam. About 55 per cent of the peak dose was delivered to the sclera at the entry point opposite the target area. A circumscribed opaque area of edematous ...
... on a scale drawing of the owl monkey eye and orbit (Fig. 5). The depth-dose characteristics of the 10 mm. beam were similar to those of the 7 mm. beam. About 55 per cent of the peak dose was delivered to the sclera at the entry point opposite the target area. A circumscribed opaque area of edematous ...
Neuro-Ophthalmology - Blackwell Publishing
... the brain to the dilator muscle via the first-, second-, and thirdorder sympathetic innervation. The first-order neuron of the sympathetic chain begins in the ipsilateral posterolateral hypothalamus and traverses through the brain stem to synapse in the intermediolateral gray matter of the spinal co ...
... the brain to the dilator muscle via the first-, second-, and thirdorder sympathetic innervation. The first-order neuron of the sympathetic chain begins in the ipsilateral posterolateral hypothalamus and traverses through the brain stem to synapse in the intermediolateral gray matter of the spinal co ...
3318_JSRB-16-MR - ResearchSpace@Auckland
... Items in ResearchSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. Previously published items are made available in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative ...
... Items in ResearchSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. Previously published items are made available in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative ...
Chapter 8: Special Senses
... the ciliary bodies, blood-rich, contain millions of sensory receptor cells. • Optic disk (blind spot) where optic nerve attaches to retina. *activity page 257* ...
... the ciliary bodies, blood-rich, contain millions of sensory receptor cells. • Optic disk (blind spot) where optic nerve attaches to retina. *activity page 257* ...
Anatomy_Deathmatch_2010
... Kenneths questions… 1. What cells lay down enamel layer of the teeth? Pg 341 Ameloblasts ...
... Kenneths questions… 1. What cells lay down enamel layer of the teeth? Pg 341 Ameloblasts ...
The Cranial Nerves
... follow the sympathetics back to the spinal cord and have their cell bodies located in thoracic dorsal root ganglia.Also, the dermatomes of this region of the body wall and upper limb have their neuronal cell bodies in the same dorsal root ganglia . and synapse in the same second order neurons in the ...
... follow the sympathetics back to the spinal cord and have their cell bodies located in thoracic dorsal root ganglia.Also, the dermatomes of this region of the body wall and upper limb have their neuronal cell bodies in the same dorsal root ganglia . and synapse in the same second order neurons in the ...
ANATOMY – Cranial Nerves
... Location of the lateral geniculate body. Location of the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Nerve to which the submandibular ganglion is attached. Type of nerve fibers which originate from the solitary tract nucleus. Salivary gland which receives parasympathetic innervation from the glos ...
... Location of the lateral geniculate body. Location of the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Nerve to which the submandibular ganglion is attached. Type of nerve fibers which originate from the solitary tract nucleus. Salivary gland which receives parasympathetic innervation from the glos ...
Lee, J - American Academy of Optometry
... Involves infarction secondary to acute ischemia of the inner retinal layers. The infarction may spontaneously resolve with time; with resolution, there is a normal appearing retina on clinical exam although inner retinal layers are permanently destroyed and marked thinning can be noted on OCT. E ...
... Involves infarction secondary to acute ischemia of the inner retinal layers. The infarction may spontaneously resolve with time; with resolution, there is a normal appearing retina on clinical exam although inner retinal layers are permanently destroyed and marked thinning can be noted on OCT. E ...
Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic
... To determine whether the elevation in IOP leads to death of retinal ganglion cells, we performed TUNEL staining on retinas, and histology on transverse optic nerve sections (Figure 2). In the retina we observed an increase in TUNEL staining (Figure 2A) in bead-injected eyes with elevated IOP. The nu ...
... To determine whether the elevation in IOP leads to death of retinal ganglion cells, we performed TUNEL staining on retinas, and histology on transverse optic nerve sections (Figure 2). In the retina we observed an increase in TUNEL staining (Figure 2A) in bead-injected eyes with elevated IOP. The nu ...
new Insights Into pathophysiological Mechanisms Regulating
... are constituents of human aqueous humor, where they are largely present in a latent form that needs activation. Thrombospondin-1 is an ECM matricellular protein, which activates a latent TGF-β form. These growth factors induce the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and actin stress fibers in cultur ...
... are constituents of human aqueous humor, where they are largely present in a latent form that needs activation. Thrombospondin-1 is an ECM matricellular protein, which activates a latent TGF-β form. These growth factors induce the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and actin stress fibers in cultur ...
Combined treatment promotes the long
... retinofugal pathway. Interestingly, this effect was critically dependent on the biased visual stimulation. When the visual stimulation was delivered to the both injured and uninjured eyes, the RGC axon regenerative capacity was dramatically abolished (Figure 1E). RGCs are not a homogenous population ...
... retinofugal pathway. Interestingly, this effect was critically dependent on the biased visual stimulation. When the visual stimulation was delivered to the both injured and uninjured eyes, the RGC axon regenerative capacity was dramatically abolished (Figure 1E). RGCs are not a homogenous population ...
Binocular integration in the mouse lateral geniculate nuclei
... ipsilateral retina and inhibitory contralateral responses. We suspect direct RGC input to these cells is purely ipsilateral, with the contralateral-inhibition provided via interneurons that span eye-specific domains [20]. We also found LGN Binocular cells where the latency difference between ipsi-/c ...
... ipsilateral retina and inhibitory contralateral responses. We suspect direct RGC input to these cells is purely ipsilateral, with the contralateral-inhibition provided via interneurons that span eye-specific domains [20]. We also found LGN Binocular cells where the latency difference between ipsi-/c ...
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
... The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands . Most of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland has the typical organization of endocrine tissue. The cells are organized in clumps and cords separated by fenestrated sinusoidal capillaries of relatively large diamete ...
... The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands . Most of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland has the typical organization of endocrine tissue. The cells are organized in clumps and cords separated by fenestrated sinusoidal capillaries of relatively large diamete ...
ED Slit-Lamp Examination Andrew Shannon, MD MPH Department of Emergency Medicine
... room illumination must be completely dark can only be seen using conical beam of light set slit-arm angle btwn 450 -- 600 focus onto front surface of cornea w/ high magnification ...
... room illumination must be completely dark can only be seen using conical beam of light set slit-arm angle btwn 450 -- 600 focus onto front surface of cornea w/ high magnification ...
First ask yourself “where is it” not “what is it”. Ophthalmic
... performed on an eye with a descemetocele due to risk of globe rupture). Components of the minimum ophthalmic data base include: menace response, direct and consensual pupillary light reflex, palpebral reflex, Schirmer tear test, fluorescein stain, and tonometry. Additional diagnostics typically perf ...
... performed on an eye with a descemetocele due to risk of globe rupture). Components of the minimum ophthalmic data base include: menace response, direct and consensual pupillary light reflex, palpebral reflex, Schirmer tear test, fluorescein stain, and tonometry. Additional diagnostics typically perf ...
Parotid gland – Anatomy & tumours
... Parotid (Stensen’s) duct •Arises at anterior border of gland as confluence of several large ducts •Runs across lateral surface of masseter, closely accompanied by buccal branch of facial nerve •At anterior border of masseter, the duct pierces buccinator and enters the oral cavity opposite the secon ...
... Parotid (Stensen’s) duct •Arises at anterior border of gland as confluence of several large ducts •Runs across lateral surface of masseter, closely accompanied by buccal branch of facial nerve •At anterior border of masseter, the duct pierces buccinator and enters the oral cavity opposite the secon ...
NUTRITIONAL THERAPIES in Preventing Macular Degeneration
... Photoreceptor Outer Segments RPE cells also generate growth factors that aid the survival of retinal photoreceptors and other cellular constituents of the inner retina, while suppressing pathological choroidal neovascularization. The most curious function of RPE cells is to phagocytize photoreceptor ...
... Photoreceptor Outer Segments RPE cells also generate growth factors that aid the survival of retinal photoreceptors and other cellular constituents of the inner retina, while suppressing pathological choroidal neovascularization. The most curious function of RPE cells is to phagocytize photoreceptor ...
BB Lab 7
... - receives fibers from the pretectal area & superior colliculi - sends axons via III C.N. to ciliary ganglion for pupillary constriction and lens accommodation ...
... - receives fibers from the pretectal area & superior colliculi - sends axons via III C.N. to ciliary ganglion for pupillary constriction and lens accommodation ...
principles of visual field testing and perimetry
... Things to remember – a total homonymous hemianopsia (half of the visual field missing for both eyes) means that all of the fibers have been damaged, so the only localizing ability is to assess that it is postchiasmal; some cookie cutter defects may link up with the blind spot for one eye, and this s ...
... Things to remember – a total homonymous hemianopsia (half of the visual field missing for both eyes) means that all of the fibers have been damaged, so the only localizing ability is to assess that it is postchiasmal; some cookie cutter defects may link up with the blind spot for one eye, and this s ...
Anatomy cat 3 best dof3a 426
... 8- All of the following statement is true except : a- 1ry motor area is 4 b- 1ry auditory area is 42,41 c- 1ry visual cortex is 19 d- Premotor cortex is 6 9- All about thalamus is true except: a- It is related laterally to the posterior limb of internal capsule b- Lateral dorsal nucleus related to t ...
... 8- All of the following statement is true except : a- 1ry motor area is 4 b- 1ry auditory area is 42,41 c- 1ry visual cortex is 19 d- Premotor cortex is 6 9- All about thalamus is true except: a- It is related laterally to the posterior limb of internal capsule b- Lateral dorsal nucleus related to t ...
Chapter 8 The Special Senses
... a. Some degeneration of spiral organ cells, ganglion cells, and equilibrium receptor cells by age 50 b. Loss of nerve fibers in vestibulocochlear nerve c. ...
... a. Some degeneration of spiral organ cells, ganglion cells, and equilibrium receptor cells by age 50 b. Loss of nerve fibers in vestibulocochlear nerve c. ...
Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuron found in the retina that is capable of phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. To be more specific, photoreceptor proteins in the cell absorb photons, triggering a change in the cell's membrane potential.The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form a representation of the visual world, sight. The rods are narrower than the cones and distributed differently across the retina, but the chemical process in each that supports phototransduction is similar. A third class of photoreceptor cells was discovered during the 1990s: the photosensitive ganglion cells. These cells do not contribute to sight directly, but are thought to support circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex.There are major functional differences between the rods and cones. Rods are extremely sensitive, and can be triggered by a single photon. At very low light levels, visual experience is based solely on the rod signal. This explains why colors cannot be seen at low light levels: only one type of photoreceptor cell is active.Cones require significantly brighter light (i.e., a larger numbers of photons) in order to produce a signal. In humans, there are three different types of cone cell, distinguished by their pattern of response to different wavelengths of light. Color experience is calculated from these three distinct signals, perhaps via an opponent process. The three types of cone cell respond (roughly) to light of short, medium, and long wavelengths. Note that, due to the principle of univariance, the firing of the cell depends upon only the number of photons absorbed. The different responses of the three types of cone cells are determined by the likelihoods that their respective photoreceptor proteins will absorb photons of different wavelengths. So, for example, an L cone cell contains a photoreceptor protein that more readily absorbs long wavelengths of light (i.e., more ""red""). Light of a shorter wavelength can also produce the same response, but it must be much brighter to do so.The human retina contains about 120 million rod cells and 6 million cone cells. The number and ratio of rods to cones varies among species, dependent on whether an animal is primarily diurnal or nocturnal. Certain owls, such as the tawny owl, have a tremendous number of rods in their retinae. In addition, there are about 2.4 million to 3 million ganglion cells in the human visual system, the axons of these cells form the 2 optic nerves, 1 to 2% of them photosensitive.The pineal and parapineal glands are photoreceptive in non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals. Birds have photoactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons within the paraventricular organ that respond to light in the absence of input from the eyes or neurotransmitters. Invertebrate photoreceptors in organisms such as insects and molluscs are different in both their morphological organization and their underlying biochemical pathways. Described here are human photoreceptors.