Download Sense Organs - Ch. 15

Sense Organs - Ch. 15
Test Review
Question 1:
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What are the
special senses?
Where are they
located?
Answer #1
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What are the special senses? Where
are they located?
The special senses are vision, hearing,
taste, and smell.
They are located in the eyes, ears,
mouth, and nose, respectively.
Question 2
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What is
referred
pain?
Answer #2
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What is referred pain?
Referred pain is pain that originates in
an organ, but is perceived as coming
from the skin around or near the
organ. For example, a heart attack may
feel as though there is pain in the left
arm. This may be because the nerves
from the heart and arm converge at the
same point in the spine.
Question 3
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What are
visceroceptors
and where are
they located?
Answer 3
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What are visceroceptors and where
are they located?
Visceroceptors are nerves in organs.
They detect pressure, stretch,
chemical changes, etc.
Question 4
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What are nociceptors and what do
they sense?
Answer 4
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What are nociceptors and what do
they sense?
They sense pain. Any extreme
sensation, especially the kind that results
in tissue damage, will activate
nociceptors.
Question 5
What are
mechanoreceptors?
How do you
activate
them?
Answer 5
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What are mechanoreceptors? How do
you activate them?
They are stimulated by mechanical
deformation. They respond to pressure
or stretch.
Question 6
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What are photoreceptors? Where are
they located?
Answer 6
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What are photoreceptors? Where are
they located?
Photoreceptors respond to light
stimulus. They are located in the eye.
Question 7
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What are proprioceptors? What is
their function?
Answer 7
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What are proprioceptors? What is
their function?
Proprioceptors are located in joints,
skeletal muscles, and tendons. They
give information about body motion,
orientation, and stretch
Question 8
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What types of sensations do somatic
senses help us feel?
Answer 8
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What types of sensations do somatic
senses help us feel?
Stretch, pressure, temperature, pain,
touch.
•
Question 9
What is the most abundant type of
nerve ending?
Answer 9
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What is the most abundant type of
nerve ending?
Free-nerve endings.
Question 10
• Smell =
(scientific word)?
Answer 10
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Smell = (scientific word)
Olfaction
Question 11
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Taste = (“)??
Answer 11
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Taste = (“)
Gustation
Question 12
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Name the category of receptors that
taste and olfactory receptors both fall
under.
Answer 12
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Name the category of receptors that
taste and olfactory receptors both fall
under.
Chemoreceptors and exteroceptors
Question 13
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What are the four primary taste
sensations? Where are they located
on the tongue?
Answer 13
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What are the four primary taste
sensations? Where are they located
on the tongue?
• Bitter, sour, salt, and sweet.
• Bitter in the back, sour on the sides, salt
in the front, and sweet at the tip.
**Bonus point for identifying this second part
of question-on your test as inaccurate
and disproven.
Question 14
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What are the parts
of the inner ear,
and what are the
subdivisions of
the two parts of
the inner ear?
Answer 14
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What are the parts of the inner ear,
and what are the subdivisions of the
two parts of the inner ear?
Bony labyrinth: semicircular canal,
vestibule, and cochlea
Membranous labyrinth: utricle and
saccule, membranous semicircular
canals, and cochlear duct.
Question 15
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The three auditory ossicles are (in
order from the tympanic membrane):
Answer 15
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The three auditory ossicles are (in
order from the tympanic membrane):
Malleus, incus, and stapes.
Question 16
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Where is the organ
of Corti located?
What is its function?
Answer 16
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Where is the organ of Corti located?
What is its function?
Within the cochlear duct. Hearing.
Question 17
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What are the structures of the external
ear?
Answer 17
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What are the structures of the external
ear?
Auricle, cerumen-secreting glands,
and external auditory meatus.
Question 18
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The main function of the utricle and
saccule is what?
Answer 18
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The main function of the utricle and
saccule is what?
Static equilibrium and detecting the
position of the head.
Question 20
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What is the anterior portion of the
sclera called?
Answer 20
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What is the anterior portion of the
sclera called?
The anterior portion of the sclera is the
cornea. It is clear and free of blood
vessels.
Question 21
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What are cones and rods, where are
they located, and where in the eye are
they most numerous? What are their
functions?
Answer 21
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What are cones and rods, where are they
located, and where in the eye are they most
numerous? What are their functions?
They are photoreceptors, located in the retina.
The cones are most numerous in the fovea
centralis, which is the center of the macula
lutea and the rods are more numerous in the
periphery.
The cones detect color light and rods detect
gray-scale.
Rods are more numerous than cones
Question 22
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How is the aqueous humor involved in
vision?
Answer 22
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How is the aqueous humor involved in
vision?
Refracts or bends light waves.
Question 23
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What are the cavities of the eye and
what do they contain?
Answer 23
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What are the cavities of the eye and
what do they contain?
Anterior cavity contains watery
aqueous humor.
Posterior cavity contains thicker
vitreous humor.
Question 24
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What are the three layers of the eye?
Which one is incomplete?
Answer 24
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What are the three layers of the eye?
Which one is incomplete?
Sclera, Choroid, retina
The retina is layer with nervous tissue
and it is incomplete
Question 25
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What is the function of the lacrimal
apparatus?
Answer 25
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What is the function of the lacrimal
apparatus?
Also called the lacrimal gland, it
produces tears.
Question 26
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What are the primary photopigments?
Answer 26
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What are the primary photopigments?
Erythrolabe, cyanolabe, and
chlorolabe.
Question 27
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Name the condition in which eyesight
ability diminishes with age.
Answer 27
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Name the condition in which eyesight
ability diminishes with age.
Presbyopia.
Question 28
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What must happen in order to focus
on a close object?
Answer 28
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What must happen in order to focus
on a close object?
Ciliary bodies contract, causing the
suspensory ligaments to loosen up,
making the lens more convex.
Pupils constrict to accommodate
convergent light waves.
Convergence of two eyes or the eyes
must focus on the same object.
Question 29
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What photopigments are broken down
by what color lights?
Answer 29
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What photopigments are broken down
by what color lights?
Red breaks down erythrolabe, green
breaks down chlorolabe, and blue
breaks down cyanolabe.
Question 30
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What is astigmatism?
Cornea acts as an
ultraviolet light filter,
protecting the highly
susceptible retina and
crystalline lens from
damage. If the cornea is
curved too much, as in the
case of nearsightedness,
distant objects will appear
as blurry images, because
of imperfect light refraction
to the retina. In a condition
known as astigmatism,
imperfections or
irregularities in the
cornea result in unequal
refraction, which creates
distortion of images
projected onto the retina.
Answer 30
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What is astigmatism?
Abnormal curvature of the cornea or
the lens.
Question 31
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What is glaucoma?
Answer 31
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What is glaucoma?
Increased intraocular pressure (above 25
mm Hg). Can be due to improper
drainage of the aqueous humor.
Question 32
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What is cataracts?
Answer 32
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What is cataracts?
When the lens of the eye thickens and
become opaque or cloudy.
Question 33
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What part of the ear is involved in
hearing?
Answer 33
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What part of the ear is involved in
hearing?
Cochlear duct (organ of Corti).
Question 34
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What is adaptation? How does
adaptation apply to the senses that
you learned about?
Answer 34
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What is adaptation? How does
adaptation apply to the senses that
you learned about?
Adaptation is decreased awareness of
sensation. Can happen with clothing,
shoes, taste, smell, etc.
Question 35
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What must
happen to
odorous
chemicals
before they are
smelled?
Answer 35
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What must happen to odorous
chemicals before they are smelled?
Must dissolve in mucus membrane of
our nose.
Question 36
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Are the
olfactory
receptors
located in a
good place
for smelling
delicate
odors?
Answer 36
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Are the olfactory receptors located in
a good place for smelling delicate
odors?
No, that’s why we have to take a sharp
sniff of air to smell something better.
Question 37
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Why do
you have
a “blind
spot”?
Answer 37
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Why do you have a “blind spot”?
That’s where the optic nerve leaves
the eye. There are no cones or rods
there. It’s also called the optic disc.
Question 38
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How are taste buds categorized?
Answer 38
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How are taste buds categorized?
Chemoreceptors, exteroceptors.
Question 39
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What does it mean to have 20/20
vision?
Answer 39
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What does it mean to have 20/20
vision?
Normal vision. From 20 feet away, one
can see what a person with normal vision
can see from 20 feet away.
Question 40
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What are the involuntary and
voluntary muscles of the eye?
Answer 40
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What are the involuntary and voluntary
muscles of the eye?
Intrinsic muscles of the eye are involuntary,
like the muscles in the iris that control the
diameter of the pupil and the muscles in the
ciliary body that determine the tension of the
suspensory ligaments.
The extrinsic muscles, or the muscles
surrounding the eye, are voluntary. There are
6 extrinsic muscles of the eye.
Question 41
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What is visual acuity?
Answer 41
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What is visual acuity?
How well one can see.
Bonus Questions
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Eyes are lined with what membrane?
Nearsightedness?
Middle ear?
The eustachian tube connects the middle
ear with the?
• Bonus:
• Eyes are lined with what membrane?
Conjunctiva.
• Nearsightedness: myopia.
• Middle ear: malleus, incus, and stapes,
eustachian tube. The eustachian tube
connects the middle ear with the
nasopharynx.