ophthalmoscopy with scleral indentation. He suggested that
... days after starting pilocarpine. The IOP remained low on pilocarpine alone at 12 mmHg after the other medications were discontinued. There was no evidence of angle recession on gonioscopy. Comment Current mangement of hyphaema emphasises the importance of cycloplegia, because of the concurrent anter ...
... days after starting pilocarpine. The IOP remained low on pilocarpine alone at 12 mmHg after the other medications were discontinued. There was no evidence of angle recession on gonioscopy. Comment Current mangement of hyphaema emphasises the importance of cycloplegia, because of the concurrent anter ...
promotes migration of human corneal epithelial cells in vitro
... Methods: Human corneal epithelial cell cultures were established from 32 donor corneoscleral rims and maintained separately in three different culture conditions: (1) culture medium only, (2) sodium hyaluronate enriched (0.6 mg/ml) medium, and (3) hydroxypropylmethylcellulose enriched (2.5 mg/ml) me ...
... Methods: Human corneal epithelial cell cultures were established from 32 donor corneoscleral rims and maintained separately in three different culture conditions: (1) culture medium only, (2) sodium hyaluronate enriched (0.6 mg/ml) medium, and (3) hydroxypropylmethylcellulose enriched (2.5 mg/ml) me ...
Organization and Significance of Neurons That Detect Change of
... length; and motion of the object’s perimeter or edge. This paper describes intracellular recordings from visual neurons in the optic lobes of Manduca sexta that are selectively activated by certain of these parameters. Two classes of wide-field neurons have been identified that respond selectively t ...
... length; and motion of the object’s perimeter or edge. This paper describes intracellular recordings from visual neurons in the optic lobes of Manduca sexta that are selectively activated by certain of these parameters. Two classes of wide-field neurons have been identified that respond selectively t ...
The Use of Automated Pupillometry in Critical Care
... nucleus. The somatic and parasympathetic fibers combine to form the CN III. Electrical signals carried along CN III cause the muscles of the eye to contract. These contractions result in movement of the eyeball and eyelid, and also are responsible for constriction of the pupil.12 A brief review of t ...
... nucleus. The somatic and parasympathetic fibers combine to form the CN III. Electrical signals carried along CN III cause the muscles of the eye to contract. These contractions result in movement of the eyeball and eyelid, and also are responsible for constriction of the pupil.12 A brief review of t ...
A Novel Vertebrate Eye Using Both Refractive
... provides a well-focused image over most of the retina (Figures 4C–4G). The diverticulum’s predicted field of view in the lateral direction is from about 224 to about 272 (i.e., about 24 either side of the primary axis; 270 being directly downwards and 180 being lateral) (Figure 4B). For rays cl ...
... provides a well-focused image over most of the retina (Figures 4C–4G). The diverticulum’s predicted field of view in the lateral direction is from about 224 to about 272 (i.e., about 24 either side of the primary axis; 270 being directly downwards and 180 being lateral) (Figure 4B). For rays cl ...
Sajjad Ahmad - EMA
... F., Henein C., Lako M. and Ahmad S. (2011) Journal of Cell Biochemistry 112:993-1002 15. “Patents in limbal stem cell biology” Parekh M., Megaw R., Ray-Chaudhuri A. and Ahmad S. (2011) Recent Patents in Regenerative Medicine 1:207-212 16. “In vitro modelling of cortical neurogenesis by sequential in ...
... F., Henein C., Lako M. and Ahmad S. (2011) Journal of Cell Biochemistry 112:993-1002 15. “Patents in limbal stem cell biology” Parekh M., Megaw R., Ray-Chaudhuri A. and Ahmad S. (2011) Recent Patents in Regenerative Medicine 1:207-212 16. “In vitro modelling of cortical neurogenesis by sequential in ...
Sprouty: a common antagonist of FGF and EGF signaling pathways in Drosophila. Development 126, 2515-2525. pdf
... (Tomlinson and Ready, 1986). Activation of EGFR by its ligand Spitz (Freeman, 1994; Tio et al., 1994) or SEV by BOSS (Van Vactor et al., 1991) activates the ras/MAPK pathway, which ultimately impinges on a number of nuclear targets such as the Pointed Ets-domain transcription factor (Brunner et al., ...
... (Tomlinson and Ready, 1986). Activation of EGFR by its ligand Spitz (Freeman, 1994; Tio et al., 1994) or SEV by BOSS (Van Vactor et al., 1991) activates the ras/MAPK pathway, which ultimately impinges on a number of nuclear targets such as the Pointed Ets-domain transcription factor (Brunner et al., ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... billion and a birth rate of 28 per 1000, there are over 42 million carriers and over 12,000 infants are born each year with a major and clinical significant haemoglobinopathy. (4, 5, 6) Despite being characterized by the same point mutation, the clinical course of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is extrem ...
... billion and a birth rate of 28 per 1000, there are over 42 million carriers and over 12,000 infants are born each year with a major and clinical significant haemoglobinopathy. (4, 5, 6) Despite being characterized by the same point mutation, the clinical course of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is extrem ...
Ocular Application of Nerve Growth Factor Protects
... characterized by progressive death of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leads to optic nerve (ON) degeneration and vision loss. However, although the elevated intraocular pressure (EIOP) is considered a primary cause of the visual deficit, it is known that some patients still experience visual loss a ...
... characterized by progressive death of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leads to optic nerve (ON) degeneration and vision loss. However, although the elevated intraocular pressure (EIOP) is considered a primary cause of the visual deficit, it is known that some patients still experience visual loss a ...
toxoplasmosis of the eye
... Visual Impairment Scotland Medical Information Document – 18/4/2001 ...
... Visual Impairment Scotland Medical Information Document – 18/4/2001 ...
Subconjuctival application of allogenic limbal cells in dogs with
... a mean follow-up period of 60 months, in the presence of clinically apparent total limbal stem cell deficiency, suggests a limited role of limbal epithelial stem cell in physiologic homeostasis of the corneal epithelium (DUA et al., 2009). Nevertheless, as a response to corneal injury when the regene ...
... a mean follow-up period of 60 months, in the presence of clinically apparent total limbal stem cell deficiency, suggests a limited role of limbal epithelial stem cell in physiologic homeostasis of the corneal epithelium (DUA et al., 2009). Nevertheless, as a response to corneal injury when the regene ...
The Chemical Senses Taste and Smell
... Receptor Potential * For sodium ions and hydrogen ions, which elicit salty and sour sensations, respectively, the receptor proteins open specific ion channels in the apical membranes of the taste cells, thereby activating the receptors * For sweet and bitter taste sensation the receptor protein mole ...
... Receptor Potential * For sodium ions and hydrogen ions, which elicit salty and sour sensations, respectively, the receptor proteins open specific ion channels in the apical membranes of the taste cells, thereby activating the receptors * For sweet and bitter taste sensation the receptor protein mole ...
Hypoxia inducible factors are dispensable for myeloid cell migration
... infiltrating cells by Lysm-driven Cre recombinase (Cre) activity, we used confocal microscopy to analyse the anterior segment and retinal tissue from naïve and EIU-induced Lysm+/creRosa26eYFP reporter mice. This showed that following EIU induction, there was an influx of eYFP+CD45+ cells into the an ...
... infiltrating cells by Lysm-driven Cre recombinase (Cre) activity, we used confocal microscopy to analyse the anterior segment and retinal tissue from naïve and EIU-induced Lysm+/creRosa26eYFP reporter mice. This showed that following EIU induction, there was an influx of eYFP+CD45+ cells into the an ...
1 free cet point
... c) Requires urgent assessment if distortion has been present for 2 weeks d) Can always be treated with Lucentis or Avastin ...
... c) Requires urgent assessment if distortion has been present for 2 weeks d) Can always be treated with Lucentis or Avastin ...
inherited retinal detachment - British Journal of Ophthalmology
... exception of macular area, with pupil dilated. Below there is a dark-grey, snail-shaped membrane projecting into the vitreous, with its tail attached to the retina. Temporal to it are white dendritic lines in the retina. The more temporal group are very white and have sharply defined edges, exactly ...
... exception of macular area, with pupil dilated. Below there is a dark-grey, snail-shaped membrane projecting into the vitreous, with its tail attached to the retina. Temporal to it are white dendritic lines in the retina. The more temporal group are very white and have sharply defined edges, exactly ...
as a PDF
... Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is a common disorder caused by disruption of the arterial blood supply to the optic nerve. It can result in significant loss of visual acuity and/or visual field. An ischemic optic nerve injury was produced in rats by intravenous injection of Rose Bengal dye followed ...
... Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is a common disorder caused by disruption of the arterial blood supply to the optic nerve. It can result in significant loss of visual acuity and/or visual field. An ischemic optic nerve injury was produced in rats by intravenous injection of Rose Bengal dye followed ...
Concept and Application of Limbal Stem Cells
... the whole clone of cells, resulting in abnor mal differentiation and cellular dysfunc tion. To minimise any error made in SC mitosis, several protective mechanisms have been developed. First, SC are rela tively quiescent during the state of steady growth, and leave the job of active DNA synthesis ...
... the whole clone of cells, resulting in abnor mal differentiation and cellular dysfunc tion. To minimise any error made in SC mitosis, several protective mechanisms have been developed. First, SC are rela tively quiescent during the state of steady growth, and leave the job of active DNA synthesis ...
Lens and retina regeneration
... regenerating this complex organ [1,2]. The sheer unlimited regeneration potential of newt eyes following lens removal, even in older individuals, has established this system as indispensable for the study of organ regeneration and aging [3]. Newt lens regeneration is unique regarding the intrinsic c ...
... regenerating this complex organ [1,2]. The sheer unlimited regeneration potential of newt eyes following lens removal, even in older individuals, has established this system as indispensable for the study of organ regeneration and aging [3]. Newt lens regeneration is unique regarding the intrinsic c ...
Outline of Development of the Eye
... the optic cup to lie freely within the lips of the optic cup. The surface ectoderm quickly bridges the gap and converts it into an uninterrupted layer of surface ectoderm that will form future corneal epithelium. The space between the surface ectoderm and the lens vesicle is invaded by mesoderm. In ...
... the optic cup to lie freely within the lips of the optic cup. The surface ectoderm quickly bridges the gap and converts it into an uninterrupted layer of surface ectoderm that will form future corneal epithelium. The space between the surface ectoderm and the lens vesicle is invaded by mesoderm. In ...
Inflammatory priming predisposes mice to age
... acquired factors (1). Long-lived nondividing cells, such as neurons, have markedly reduced tolerance to damage (2), and thus exhibit the most pronounced age-related changes. Neuronal cells in the retina are an especially attractive model system to study this phenomenon, owing to their accessibility ...
... acquired factors (1). Long-lived nondividing cells, such as neurons, have markedly reduced tolerance to damage (2), and thus exhibit the most pronounced age-related changes. Neuronal cells in the retina are an especially attractive model system to study this phenomenon, owing to their accessibility ...
MD0805 5-1 LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 5 Review of Ocular
... (a) The photoreceptors of the nervous portion of the retina (figure 5-2) contain chemicals known as visual pigments (rhodopsin). The cones are more concentrated in the center at the back of the bulbus oculi. The cones can perceive colors and are used for acute vision. However, cones require more int ...
... (a) The photoreceptors of the nervous portion of the retina (figure 5-2) contain chemicals known as visual pigments (rhodopsin). The cones are more concentrated in the center at the back of the bulbus oculi. The cones can perceive colors and are used for acute vision. However, cones require more int ...
Visual System Disorders
... In CRAO, unilateral visual loss occurs rapidly. Findings include the pupil not reacting to light and funduscopy showing ischemic retina appearing pale (white) with normal red-colored choroid reflecting through fovea (cherry-red spot); optic atrophy develops later. In some cases, retinal embolus that ...
... In CRAO, unilateral visual loss occurs rapidly. Findings include the pupil not reacting to light and funduscopy showing ischemic retina appearing pale (white) with normal red-colored choroid reflecting through fovea (cherry-red spot); optic atrophy develops later. In some cases, retinal embolus that ...
Visual performance in emmetropia and low myopia after
... these channels would require input at the proper spatial frequency range for normal development. The highest spatial frequency channels could be impaired in myopia due to the fact that uncorrected young myopes will only experience clear vision of fine details when objects are very near to them (Fior ...
... these channels would require input at the proper spatial frequency range for normal development. The highest spatial frequency channels could be impaired in myopia due to the fact that uncorrected young myopes will only experience clear vision of fine details when objects are very near to them (Fior ...
PDF - International Journal of Retina and Vitreous
... Talc retinopathy is a recognized ocular condition characterized by the presence of small, yellow, glistening crystals found inside small retinal vessels and within different retinal layers [1]. The crystals are thought to be secondary to emboli derived from talc which is an insoluble inert particula ...
... Talc retinopathy is a recognized ocular condition characterized by the presence of small, yellow, glistening crystals found inside small retinal vessels and within different retinal layers [1]. The crystals are thought to be secondary to emboli derived from talc which is an insoluble inert particula ...
Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuron found in the retina that is capable of phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. To be more specific, photoreceptor proteins in the cell absorb photons, triggering a change in the cell's membrane potential.The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form a representation of the visual world, sight. The rods are narrower than the cones and distributed differently across the retina, but the chemical process in each that supports phototransduction is similar. A third class of photoreceptor cells was discovered during the 1990s: the photosensitive ganglion cells. These cells do not contribute to sight directly, but are thought to support circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex.There are major functional differences between the rods and cones. Rods are extremely sensitive, and can be triggered by a single photon. At very low light levels, visual experience is based solely on the rod signal. This explains why colors cannot be seen at low light levels: only one type of photoreceptor cell is active.Cones require significantly brighter light (i.e., a larger numbers of photons) in order to produce a signal. In humans, there are three different types of cone cell, distinguished by their pattern of response to different wavelengths of light. Color experience is calculated from these three distinct signals, perhaps via an opponent process. The three types of cone cell respond (roughly) to light of short, medium, and long wavelengths. Note that, due to the principle of univariance, the firing of the cell depends upon only the number of photons absorbed. The different responses of the three types of cone cells are determined by the likelihoods that their respective photoreceptor proteins will absorb photons of different wavelengths. So, for example, an L cone cell contains a photoreceptor protein that more readily absorbs long wavelengths of light (i.e., more ""red""). Light of a shorter wavelength can also produce the same response, but it must be much brighter to do so.The human retina contains about 120 million rod cells and 6 million cone cells. The number and ratio of rods to cones varies among species, dependent on whether an animal is primarily diurnal or nocturnal. Certain owls, such as the tawny owl, have a tremendous number of rods in their retinae. In addition, there are about 2.4 million to 3 million ganglion cells in the human visual system, the axons of these cells form the 2 optic nerves, 1 to 2% of them photosensitive.The pineal and parapineal glands are photoreceptive in non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals. Birds have photoactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons within the paraventricular organ that respond to light in the absence of input from the eyes or neurotransmitters. Invertebrate photoreceptors in organisms such as insects and molluscs are different in both their morphological organization and their underlying biochemical pathways. Described here are human photoreceptors.